Publications
288 results found
Spratt BG, 2004, John Maynard Smith (1920-2004) Obituary, INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 4, Pages: 297-300, ISSN: 1567-1348
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- Citations: 1
Mavroidi A, Godoy D, Aanensen DM, et al., 2004, Evolutionary genetics of the capsular locus of serogroup 6 pneumococci, JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Vol: 186, Pages: 8181-8192, ISSN: 0021-9193
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- Citations: 86
Brueggemann AB, Peto TEA, Crook DW, et al., 2004, Temporal and geographic stability of the serogroup-specific invasive disease potential of <i>Streptococcus</i> <i>pneumoniae</i> in children, JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 190, Pages: 1203-1211, ISSN: 0022-1899
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- Citations: 262
Bougnoux M-E, Aanensen DM, Morand S, et al., 2004, Multilocus sequence typing of <i>Candida albicans</i>: strategies, data exchange and applications, INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 4, Pages: 243-252, ISSN: 1567-1348
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- Citations: 79
McGregor KF, Spratt BG, Kalia A, et al., 2004, Multilocus sequence typing of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> representing most known <i>emm</i> types and distinctions among subpopulation genetic structures, JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Vol: 186, Pages: 4285-4294, ISSN: 0021-9193
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- Citations: 98
Holden MTG, Feil EJ, Lindsay JA, et al., 2004, Complete genomes of two clinical <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i> strains:: Evidence for the rapid evolution of virulence and drug resistance, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 101, Pages: 9786-9791, ISSN: 0027-8424
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- Citations: 704
Martin IMC, Ison CA, Aanensen DM, et al., 2004, Rapid sequence-based identification of gonococcal transmission clusters in a large metropolitan area, JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 189, Pages: 1497-1505, ISSN: 1537-6613
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- Citations: 303
Feil EJ, Li BC, Aanensen DM, et al., 2004, eBURST: Inferring patterns of evolutionary descent among clusters of related bacterial genotypes from multilocus sequence typing data, JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Vol: 186, Pages: 1518-1530, ISSN: 0021-9193
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- Citations: 1477
Brown JS, Gilliland SM, Spratt BG, et al., 2004, A locus contained within a variable region of pneumococcal pathogenicity island 1 contributes to virulence in mice, INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Vol: 72, Pages: 1587-1593, ISSN: 0019-9567
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- Citations: 47
McGregor KF, Bilek N, Bennett A, et al., 2004, Group A streptococci from a remote community have novel multilocus genotypes but share <i>emm</i> types and housekeeping alleles with isolates from worldwide sources, JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 189, Pages: 717-723, ISSN: 0022-1899
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- Citations: 35
Hanage WP, Auranen K, Syrjänen R, et al., 2004, Ability of pneumococcal serotypes and clones to cause acute otitis media:: Implications for the prevention of otitis media by conjugate vaccines, INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Vol: 72, Pages: 76-81, ISSN: 0019-9567
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- Citations: 62
Spratt BG, 2004, Exploring the concept of clonality in bacteria., Methods Mol Biol, Vol: 266, Pages: 323-352, ISSN: 1064-3745
Isolates of bacterial species that are indistinguishable in genotype are assigned as a clone, with the implication that they are descended from the same recent ancestor. Clones are difficult to define with precision since bacteria are not truly asexual, and recombinational replacements result in diversification of the ancestral genotype of a clone, to produce a cluster of increasingly diverse genotypes (a clonal complex). The rate at which clonal diversification occurs depends on the extent of recombination, which varies among bacteria, so that some species have rather stable clones (e.g., Salmonella enterica), whereas in other species (e.g., Helicobacter pylori) clones may be so transient that they cannot readily be discerned. Clones and clonal complexes need to be assigned by indexing genetic variation that is selectively neutral, and currently this is best achieved using multilocus sequence typing. Some species of bacterial pathogens are very diverse, whereas others are genetically uniform, and some are, in essence, a single clone of a mother species that has been raised to species status due to the distinctiveness of the disease it causes (e.g., Yersinia pestis, Salmonella typhi, or Burkholderia mallei). The population structures of bacteria depend on the rate of recombination, and comparative measures of the extent of recombination during clonal diversification can be obtained from multilocus sequence typing data, as can measures of the longer-term impact of recombination. These studies show a wide range of recombination rates among bacterial species, and indicate that recombination in many bacteria has been sufficiently extensive that a reliable evolutionary history of the species cannot be inferred.
Eriksson BKG, Norgren M, McGregor K, et al., 2003, Group A streptococcal infections in Sweden:: A comparative study of invasive and noninvasive infections and analysis of dominant T28 <i>emm</i>28 isolates, CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 37, Pages: 1189-1193, ISSN: 1058-4838
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- Citations: 38
Reinert RR, Muckel S, Al-Lahham A, et al., 2003, Characterization of German penicillin non-susceptible serotype 23F pneumococci using multilocus sequence typing, JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 52, Pages: 981-987, ISSN: 0022-2615
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- Citations: 8
Brueggemann AB, Spratt BG, 2003, Geographic distribution and clonal diversity of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> serotype 1 isolates, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 41, Pages: 4966-4970, ISSN: 0095-1137
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- Citations: 114
Godoy D, Randle G, Simpson AJ, et al., 2003, Multilocus sequence typing and evolutionary relationships among the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> and <i>Burkholdefia mallei</i> (vol 41, pg 2068, 2003), JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 41, Pages: 4913-4913, ISSN: 0095-1137
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- Citations: 6
Jones N, Bohnsack JF, Takahashi S, et al., 2003, Multilocus sequence typing system for group B streptococcus, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 41, Pages: 2530-2536, ISSN: 0095-1137
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- Citations: 452
Feil EJ, Cooper JE, Grundmann H, et al., 2003, How clonal is <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>?, JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Vol: 185, Pages: 3307-3316, ISSN: 0021-9193
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- Citations: 468
Spratt B, 2003, DU alarmists, NEW SCIENTIST, Vol: 178, Pages: 24-24, ISSN: 0262-4079
Brueggemann AB, Griffiths DT, Meats E, et al., 2003, Clonal relationships between invasive and carriage <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> and serotype- and clone-specific differences in invasive disease potential, JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 187, Pages: 1424-1432, ISSN: 0022-1899
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- Citations: 466
Godoy D, Randle G, Simpson AJ, et al., 2003, Multilocus sequence typing and evolutionary relationships among the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei., Journal Of Clinical Microbiology, Vol: 41, Pages: 2068-2079
Meats E, Feil EJ, Stringer S, et al., 2003, Characterization of encapsulated and noncapsulated <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> and determination of phylogenetic relationships by multilocus sequence typing, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 41, Pages: 1623-1636, ISSN: 0095-1137
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- Citations: 284
Spratt BG, 2003, Stomachs out of Africa, SCIENCE, Vol: 299, Pages: 1528-1529, ISSN: 0036-8075
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- Citations: 3
Spratt BG, 2003, Microbiology. Stomachs out of Africa., Science, Vol: 299, Pages: 1528-1529
O'BRIEN K, NOHYNEK H, THE WHO PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE TRIALS CARRIAGE WORKING GROUP, 2003, , Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Vol: 22, Pages: 133-140, ISSN: 0891-3668
O'Brien KL, Nohynek H, World Health Organization Pneumococcal Vaccine Trials Carraige Working Group, 2003, Report from a WHO working group: standard method for detecting upper respiratory carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae., Pediatr Infect Dis J, Vol: 22, Pages: 133-140, ISSN: 0891-3668
BACKGROUND: Numerous studies evaluating the efficacy of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines are being conducted or planned throughout the world. Some of these studies are evaluating the effect of vaccine on nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage. METHODS: The World Health Organization established a Working Group composed of representatives from these trials and other NP colonization experts to establish core, standardized methods for the study of pneumococcal NP colonization that could be used in these trials. The intent was to reduce or eliminate variability in key methods which themselves could contribute to variability of observed pneumococcal NP colonization. In this way variability of vaccine effects between trials on NP colonization could more easily be analyzed for population or vaccine differences without the confounding effect caused by differences in study methodology. RESULTS: This paper presents the evidence base supporting the need for standardized NP colonization study methods, the methods themselves (Core Consensus Methods found in the electronic version of this article at www.pidj.com and on the WHO website at http://www.who.int/vaccines-research/rd/docsrd.shtml), including collection techniques, culture media, equipment, serotyping, storage of specimens and transport of isolates agreed on by the Working Group as well as a discussion of research priorities. CONCLUSIONS: The Core Consensus Methods provide a common methodology to conduct pneumococcal NP colonization studies with minimum interstudy method variability. The intention is to allow more meaningful comparisons of study results from conjugate pneumococcal vaccine trials.
Sadowy E, Zhou JJ, Meats E, et al., 2003, Identification of multidrug-resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> strains isolated in Poland by multilocus sequence typing, MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE, Vol: 9, Pages: 81-86, ISSN: 1076-6294
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- Citations: 8
Meats E, Brueggemann AB, Enright MC, et al., 2003, Stability of serotypes during nasopharyngeal carriage of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 41, Pages: 386-392, ISSN: 0095-1137
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- Citations: 53
Murray VSG, Bailey MR, Spratt BG, 2002, Depleted uranium: a new battlefield hazard, LANCET, Vol: 360, Pages: S31-S32, ISSN: 0140-6736
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- Citations: 10
Murray VSG, Bailey MR, Spratt BG, 2002, Depleted uranium: a new battlefield hazard., Lancet, Vol: 360 Suppl, Pages: s31-s32, ISSN: 0140-6736
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