Publications
288 results found
Spratt BG, Maiden MCJ, 1999, Bacterial population genetics, evolution and epidemiology, PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 354, Pages: 701-710, ISSN: 0962-8436
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- Citations: 151
Morona JK, Miller DC, Coffey TJ, et al., 1999, Molecular and genetic characterization of the capsule biosynthesis locus of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> type 23F, MICROBIOLOGY-UK, Vol: 145, Pages: 781-789, ISSN: 1350-0872
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- Citations: 23
Shi ZY, Enright MC, Wilkinson P, et al., 1998, Identification of three major clones of multiply antibiotic-resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> in Taiwanese hospitals by multilocus sequence typing, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 36, Pages: 3514-3519, ISSN: 0095-1137
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- Citations: 98
Enright MC, Spratt BG, 1998, A multilocus sequence typing scheme for <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>:: identification of clones associated with serious invasive disease, MICROBIOLOGY-UK, Vol: 144, Pages: 3049-3060, ISSN: 1350-0872
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- Citations: 891
Maiden MCJ, Bygraves JA, Feil E, et al., 1998, Multilocus sequence typing: A portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 95, Pages: 3140-3145, ISSN: 0027-8424
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- Citations: 2737
Veal WL, Yellen A, Balthazar JT, et al., 1998, Loss-of-function mutations in the <i>mtr</i> efflux system of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>, MICROBIOLOGY-SGM, Vol: 144, Pages: 621-627, ISSN: 1350-0872
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- Citations: 35
Coffey TJ, Enright MC, Daniels M, et al., 1998, Serotype 19A variants of the Spanish serotype 23F multiresistant clone of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE-MECHANISMS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE, Vol: 4, Pages: 51-55, ISSN: 1076-6294
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- Citations: 47
Coffey TJ, Enright MC, Daniels M, et al., 1998, Recombinational exchanges at the capsular polysaccharide biosynthetic locus lead to frequent serotype changes among natural isolates of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 27, Pages: 73-83, ISSN: 0950-382X
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- Citations: 249
Crook DWM, Spratt BG, 1998, Multiple antibiotic resistance in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, BRITISH MEDICAL BULLETIN, Vol: 54, Pages: 595-610, ISSN: 0007-1420
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- Citations: 35
Spratt BG, 1998, Resurgent emergent infectious diseases - Preface, BRITISH MEDICAL BULLETIN, Vol: 54, Pages: 521-521, ISSN: 0007-1420
Zhou JJ, Bowler LD, Spratt BG, 1997, Interspecies recombination, and phylogenetic distortions, within the glutamine synthetase and shikimate dehydrogenase genes of Neisseria meningitidis and commensal Neisseria species, MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 23, Pages: 799-812, ISSN: 0950-382X
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- Citations: 71
Gutjahr TS, ORourke M, Ison CA, et al., 1997, Arginine-, hypoxanthine-, uracil-requiring isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are a clonal lineage within a non-clonal population, MICROBIOLOGY-SGM, Vol: 143, Pages: 633-640, ISSN: 1350-0872
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- Citations: 20
Feil E, Zhou JJ, Smith JM, et al., 1996, A comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the adk and recA genes of pathogenic and commensal Neisseria species: Evidence for extensive interspecies recombination within adk, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION, Vol: 43, Pages: 631-640, ISSN: 0022-2844
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- Citations: 61
Spratt BG, 1996, Antibiotic resistance: Counting the cost, CURRENT BIOLOGY, Vol: 6, Pages: 1219-1221, ISSN: 0960-9822
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- Citations: 34
Swiatlo E, Crain MJ, McDaniel LS, et al., 1996, DNA polymorphisms and variant penicillin-binding proteins as evidence that relatively penicillin-resistant pneumococci in western Canada are clonally related, JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 174, Pages: 884-888, ISSN: 0022-1899
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- Citations: 9
Coffey TJ, Berron S, Daniels M, et al., 1996, Multiply antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from Spanish hospitals (1988-1994): Novel major clones of serotypes 14, 19F and 15F, MICROBIOLOGY-UK, Vol: 142, Pages: 2747-2757, ISSN: 1350-0872
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- Citations: 64
Spratt BG, Zhou JJ, Taylor M, et al., 1996, Monofunctional biosynthetic peptidoglycan transglycosylases, MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 19, Pages: 639-640, ISSN: 0950-382X
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- Citations: 34
FEIL E, CARPENTER G, SPRATT BG, 1995, ELECTROPHORETIC VARIATION IN ADENYLATE KINASE OF NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS IS DUE TO INTERSPECIES AND INTRASPECIES RECOMBINATION, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 92, Pages: 10535-10539, ISSN: 0027-8424
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- Citations: 31
OROURKE M, ISON CA, RENTON AM, et al., 1995, OPA-TYPING - A HIGH-RESOLUTION TOOL FOR STUDYING THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GONORRHEA, MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 17, Pages: 865-875, ISSN: 0950-382X
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- Citations: 80
COFFEY TJ, DANIELS M, MCDOUGAL LK, et al., 1995, Genetic Analysis of Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae withHigh-Level Resistance to Expanded-Spectrum Cephalosporins, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Vol: 39, Pages: 1306-1313, ISSN: 1098-6596
Streptococcus pneumoniae CS109 and CS111 were isolated in the United States in 1991 and have high levelsof resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins (MICs of 8 and 32 mg of cefotaxime per ml, respectively).CS109, but not CS111, also showed high-level resistance to penicillin. As both strains expressed the serotype23F capsule, were very closely related in overall genotype, and possessed identical or closely related mosaicpbp1a, pbp2x, and pbp2b genes, it is likely that they have arisen from a recent common ancestor. High-levelresistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins was entirely due to alterations of penicillin-binding proteins(PBPs) 1a and 2x, since a mixture of the cloned pbp1a and pbp2x genes from the resistant strains couldtransform the susceptible strain R6 to the full level of cephalosporin resistance of the clinical isolates. BothPBP1a and PBP2x of these strains were more resistant to inhibition by cephalosporins than those of typicalhighly penicillin-resistant isolates. The pbp1a genes of CS109 and CS111 were identical in sequence, and thefourfold difference in their levels of resistance to cephalosporins was due to a Thr-5503Ala substitution at theresidue following the conserved Lys-Ser-Gly motif of PBP2x. This substitution was also the major cause of the16-fold-lower resistance of CS111 to penicillin. The pbp2x gene of CS111, in an appropriate genetic background,could provide resistance to 16 mg of cefotaxime per ml but only to 0.12 mg of benzylpenicillin per ml. Removalof the codon 550 mutation resulted in a pbp2x gene that provided resistance to 4 mg of cefotaxime per ml and4 mg of benzylpenicillin per ml. The Thr-5503Ala substitution in CS111 therefore appears to provide increasedresistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins but a loss of resistance to penicillin.
SMITH NH, SMITH JM, SPRATT BG, 1995, SEQUENCE EVOLUTION OF THE PORB GENE OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE AND NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS - EVIDENCE OF POSITIVE DARWINIAN SELECTION, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 12, Pages: 363-370, ISSN: 0737-4038
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- Citations: 90
Hagman KE, Pan W, Spratt BG, et al., 1995, Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antimicrobial hydrophobic agents is modulated by the mtrRCDE efflux system., Microbiology (Reading), Vol: 141 ( Pt 3), Pages: 611-622, ISSN: 1350-0872
The mtr (multiple transferable resistance) system of Neisseria gonorrhoeae determines levels of gonococcal resistance to hydrophobic agents (HAs), including detergent-like fatty acids and bile salts that bathe certain mucosal surfaces. The genetic organization of the mtr system was determined and found to consist of the mtrR gene, which encodes a transcriptional regulator (MtrR), and three tandemly linked genes termed mtrCDE. The mtrCDE genes were organized in the same apparent transcriptional unit, upstream and divergent from the mtrR gene. The mtrCDE-encoded proteins of N. gonorrhoeae were analogous to a family of bacterial efflux/transport proteins, notably the MexABOprK proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the AcrAE and EnvCD proteins of Escherichia coli, that mediate resistance to drugs, dyes, and detergents. Inactivation of the mtrC gene resulted in loss of the MtrC lipoprotein and rendered gonococci hypersusceptible to structurally diverse HAs; this revealed the importance of the mtr system in determining HAR in gonococci. Further support for a role of the mtrCDE gene complex in determining levels of HAR in gonococci was evident when transformants bearing mutations in the mtrR gene were analysed. In this respect, missense and null mutations in the mtrR gene were found to result in increased levels of MtrC and HAR. However, high levels of MtrC and HAR, similar to those observed for clinical isolates, were associated with a single bp deletion in a 13 bp inverted repeat sequence that intervened the divergent mtrR and mtrC genes. We propose that the 13 bp inverted-repeat sequence represents a transcriptional control element that regulates expression of the mtrRCDE gene complex, thereby modulating levels of gonococcal susceptibility to HAs.
VAZQUEZ JA, BERRON S, OROURKE M, et al., 1995, INTERSPECIES RECOMBINATION IN NATURE - A MENINGOCOCCUS THAT HAS ACQUIRED A GONOCOCCAL PIB PORIN, MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 15, Pages: 1001-1007, ISSN: 0950-382X
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- Citations: 36
HAGMAN KE, PAN WB, SPRATT BG, et al., 1995, RESISTANCE OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE TO ANTIMICROBIAL HYDROPHOBIC AGENTS IS MODULATED BY THE MTRRCDE EFFLUX SYSTEM, MICROBIOLOGY-SGM, Vol: 141, Pages: 611-622, ISSN: 1350-0872
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- Citations: 296
Coffey TJ, Dowson CG, Daniels M, et al., 1995, Genetics and molecular biology of beta-lactam-resistant pneumococci, MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE, Vol: 1, Pages: 29-34, ISSN: 1076-6294
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- Citations: 68
SPRATT BG, SMITH NH, ZHOU JJ, et al., 1995, The population genetics of the pathogenic Neisseria, 52nd Symposium of the Society-for-General-Microbiology on Population Genetics of Bacteria, Publisher: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, Pages: 143-160, ISSN: 0081-1394
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- Citations: 51
Dowson CG, Coffey TJ, Spratt BG, 1994, Origin and molecular epidemiology of penicillin-binding-protein-mediated resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics., Trends Microbiol, Vol: 2, Pages: 361-366, ISSN: 0966-842X
Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in some naturally transformable bacterial pathogens has arisen by interspecies recombinational events that have generated hybrid penicillin-binding proteins with reduced affinity for the antibiotics. This type of resistance is of particular concern in pneumococci, in which it is increasing worldwide.
O'Rourke M, Spratt BG, 1994, Further evidence for the non-clonal population structure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: extensive genetic diversity within isolates of the same electrophoretic type., Microbiology (Reading), Vol: 140 ( Pt 6), Pages: 1285-1290, ISSN: 1350-0872
Analysis of data from multilocus enzyme electrophoresis has revealed that Neisseria gonorrhoeae populations are non-clonal. Fifteen percent of 227 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae had an identical multilocus genotype (ET1) and were recovered world-wide over a 26 year period. The recovery of isolates of identical multilocus genotype from geographically and temporally unassociated hosts is a common criterion of a clonal population structure. However, in a recombining (non-clonal) population, isolates with the same multilocus genotype can arise by the random association of the most common alleles in the population. Analysis of the variation in two further enzymes, in the restriction patterns obtained from the glutamine synthetase gene, and in the DNA fragments obtained using an arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, was used to show that members of ET1 were almost as variable as randomly selected N. gonorrhoeae isolates. Unlike the situation in a strongly clonal species, the 26 ET1 isolates examined were increasingly sub-divided to give 19 distinguishable groups as variation at further loci was examined, and 24 distinguishable groups when auxotypes were also considered. We conclude that, as expected of a non-clonal population, the most commonly encountered N. gonorrhoeae multilocus genotype does not define a clone.
OROURKE M, SPRATT BG, 1994, FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR THE NON-CLONAL POPULATION-STRUCTURE OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE - EXTENSIVE GENETIC DIVERSITY WITHIN ISOLATES OF THE SAME ELECTROPHORETIC TYPE, MICROBIOLOGY-UK, Vol: 140, Pages: 1285-1290, ISSN: 1350-0872
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- Citations: 51
NORRIS V, AYALA JA, BEGG K, et al., 1994, CELL-CYCLE CONTROL - PROKARYOTIC SOLUTIONS TO EUKARYOTIC PROBLEMS, JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY, Vol: 168, Pages: 227-230, ISSN: 0022-5193
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- Citations: 24
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