Publications
380 results found
Magee C, Reeve MT, Jackson CA-L, et al., 2023, Reply to Alves et al. (2022) discussion on "Stratigraphic record of continental breakup, offshore NW Australia" by Reeve et al. (2022), Basin Research, Vol: 35, Pages: 483-486, ISSN: 0950-091X
Erdi A, Jackson CA-L, Soto JI, 2023, Extensional deformation of a shale-dominated delta: Tarakan Basin, offshore Indonesia, BASIN RESEARCH, ISSN: 0950-091X
Joffe A, Jackson CA-L, Pichel LMM, 2022, Syn-depositional halokinesis in the Zechstein Supergroup (Lopingian) controls Triassic minibasin genesis and location, BASIN RESEARCH, ISSN: 0950-091X
Wrona T, Whittaker AC, Bell RE, et al., 2022, Rift kinematics preserved in deep-time erosional landscape below the northern North Sea, Basin Research, Pages: 1-18, ISSN: 0950-091X
Our understanding of continental rifting is, in large parts, derived from the stratigraphic record. This record is, however, incomplete as it does not often capture the geomorphic and erosional signal of rifting. New 3D seismic reflection data reveal a Late Permian-Early Triassic landscape incised into the pre-rift basement of the northern North Sea. This landscape, which covers at least 542 km2, preserves a drainage system bound by two major tectonic faults. A quantitative geomorphic analysis of the drainage system reveals 68 catchments, with channel steepness and knickpoint analysis of catchment-hosted palaeo-rivers showing that the landscape preserved a >2 Myr long period of transient tectonics. We interpret that this landscape records a punctuated uplift of the footwall of a major rift-related normal fault (Vette Fault) at the onset of rifting. The landscape was preserved by a combination of relatively rapid subsidence in the hangingwall of a younger fault (Øygarden Fault) and burial by post-incision sediments. As such, we show how and why erosional landscapes are preserved in the stratigraphic record, and how they can help us understand the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of ancient continental rifts.
Wu N, Jackson CA-L, Clare MA, et al., 2022, Diagenetic priming of submarine landslides in ooze-rich substrates, GEOLOGY, ISSN: 0091-7613
Erdi A, Jackson CA-L, 2022, Salt-Detached Strike-Slip Faulting, Outer Kwanza Basin, Offshore Angola, TECTONICS, Vol: 41, ISSN: 0278-7407
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- Citations: 2
Pichel LM, Ferrer O, Jackson CA-L, et al., 2022, Physical modelling of the interplay between salt-detached gravity gliding and spreading across complex rift topography, Santos Basin, offshore Brazil, BASIN RESEARCH, Vol: 34, Pages: 2042-2063, ISSN: 0950-091X
Pan S, Naliboff J, Bell R, et al., 2022, Bridging spatiotemporal scales of normal fault growth during continental extension using high-resolution 3D numerical models, G3: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: an electronic journal of the earth sciences, Vol: 23, Pages: 1-16, ISSN: 1525-2027
Continental extension is accommodated by the development of kilometer-scale normal faults, which grow during meter-scale slip events that occur over millions of years. However, reconstructing the entire lifespan of a fault remains challenging due to a lack of observational data with spatiotemporal scales that span the early stage (<106 yrs) of fault growth. Using three-dimensional numerical simulations of continental extension and novel methods for extracting the locations of faults, we quantitatively examine the key factors controlling the growth of rift-scale fault networks over 104–106 yrs. Early formed faults (<100 kyrs from initiation) exhibit scaling ratios consistent with those characterizing individual earthquake ruptures, before evolving to be geometrically and kinematically similar to more mature structures developed in natural fault networks. Whereas finite fault lengths are rapidly established (<100 kyrs), active deformation is transient, migrating both along- and across-strike. Competing stress interactions determine the distribution of active strain, which oscillates between being distributed and localized. Higher rates of extension (10 mm yr−1) lead to more prominent stress redistributions through time, promoting episodic localized slip events. Our findings demonstrate that normal fault growth and the related occurrence of cumulative slip is more complex than that currently inferred from displacement patterns on now-inactive structures, which only provide a space- and time-averaged picture of fault kinematics and related seismic hazard.
Abu C, Jackson CA-L, Francis M, 2022, Strike-slip overprinting of initial co-axial shortening within the toe region of a submarine landslide and a model for basal shear surface growth: a case study from the Angoche Basin, offshore Mozambique, JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 179, ISSN: 0016-7649
Zhang Y, Jackson C, Zahasky C, et al., 2022, European carbon storage resource requirements of climate change mitigation targets, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL, Vol: 114, ISSN: 1750-5836
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- Citations: 2
Redpath D, Jackson CA, Bell RE, 2022, Mechanical stratigrpahy controls normal fault growth and dimensions, outer Kwanza basin, offshore Angola, Tectonics, Vol: 41, ISSN: 0278-7407
Mechanical stratigraphy controls the growth patterns and dimensions of relatively small normal faults, yet how it influences the development of much larger structures remains unclear. Here, we use 3D seismic reflection data from the Outer Kwanza Basin, offshore Angola to constrain the geometry and kinematics of several normal faults formed in a deep-water clastic succession. The faults are up to 6.3-km long and 1.9-km tall and have up to 44 m of throw. Aspect ratios and lower-tip throw gradients are greater for faults that terminate downward at a c. 100 m thick, mass-transport complex (MTC; up to 5.2 and 0.12) than for those that offset it (up to 2.7 and 0.01). Faults that offset the MTC invariably have >30 m of throw. Based on their geometric properties and throw patterns, we interpret that the faults nucleated above the MTC and propagated down toward it. Upon encountering this unit, which we infer behaved in a more ductile manner than encasing strata, tip propagation was halted until tip stresses were sufficiently high (corresponding to minimum throw of c. 30 m) to breach it. Faults with smaller throw were unable to breach the MTC. We argue that using only geometric criteria to determine fault growth patterns can mask the significant control mechanical stratigraphy has on fault kinematics. Mechanical stratigraphy is therefore a key control on the growth of large, seismic-scale normal faults, in a similar way to that observed for far smaller structures
Dobb EM, Magee C, Jackson CA-L, et al., 2022, Impact of igneous intrusion and associated ground deformation on the stratigraphic record, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, Vol: 525, ISSN: 0305-8719
Reeve MT, Magee C, Jackson CA-L, et al., 2022, Stratigraphic record of continental breakup, offshore NW Australia, BASIN RESEARCH, Vol: 34, Pages: 1220-1243, ISSN: 0950-091X
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- Citations: 2
Alghuraybi A, Bell RE, Jackson CA-L, 2021, The geometric and temporal evolution of fault-related folds constrain normal fault growth patterns, Barents Sea, offshore Norway, Basin Research, Vol: 34, ISSN: 0950-091X
Extensional growth folds form ahead of the tips of propagating normal faults. These folds can accommodate a considerable amount of extensional strain and they may control rift geometry. Fold-related surface deformation may also control the sedimentary evolution of syn-rift depositional systems. Thus, by examining the stratigraphic record, we can constrain the four-dimensional evolution of extensional growth folds, which in turn provides a record of fault growth and broader rift history. Here, we use high-quality 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the SW Barents Sea, offshore northern Norway to determine the geometric and temporal evolution of extensional growth folds associated with a large, long-lived, basement-rooted fault. We show that the fault grew via the linkage of four segments, and that fault growth was associated with the formation of fault-parallel and fault-perpendicular folds that accommodated a substantial portion (10%–40%) of the total extensional strain. Several periods of fault-propagation folding occurred in response to the periodic burial of the fault, with individual folding events (ca. 25 and 32 Myr) lasting a considered part of the ca. 130 Myr rift period. Our study supports previous suggestions that continuous (i.e. folding) as well as discontinuous (i.e. faulting) deformation must be explicitly considered when assessing total strain in an extensional setting. We also show that changes in the architecture of growth strata record alternating periods of folding and faulting and that the margins of rift-related depocentres may be characterised by basinward-dipping monoclines as opposed to fault-bound scarps. Our findings have broader implications for our understanding of the structural, physiographic and tectonostratigraphic evolution of rift basins.
Martinez-Donate A, Privat AM-LJ, Hodgson DM, et al., 2021, Substrate Entrainment, Depositional Relief, and Sediment Capture: Impact of a Submarine Landslide on Flow Process and Sediment Supply, FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE, Vol: 9
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- Citations: 5
Evans SL, Jackson CA-L, 2021, Intra-salt structure and strain partitioning in layered evaporites: implications for drilling through Messinian salt in the eastern Mediterranean, PETROLEUM GEOSCIENCE, Vol: 27, ISSN: 1354-0793
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- Citations: 2
Osagiede EE, Rosenau M, Rotevatn A, et al., 2021, Influence of Zones of Pre-Existing Crustal Weakness on Strain Localization and Partitioning During Rifting: Insights From Analog Modeling Using High-Resolution 3D Digital Image Correlation, TECTONICS, Vol: 40, ISSN: 0278-7407
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- Citations: 5
Pichel LM, Jackson CA-L, Peel F, et al., 2021, The Merluza Graben: How a Failed Spreading Center Influenced Margin Structure, and Salt Deposition and Tectonics in the Santos Basin, Brazil, TECTONICS, Vol: 40, ISSN: 0278-7407
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- Citations: 5
Pan S, Bell RE, Jackson CA-L, et al., 2021, Evolution of normal fault displacement and length as continental lithosphere stretches, Basin Research, Vol: 34, Pages: 121-140, ISSN: 0950-091X
Continental rifting is accommodated by the development of normal fault networks. Fault growth patterns control their related seismic hazards, and the tectonostratigraphic evolution and resource and CO2 storage potential of rifts. Our understanding of fault evolution is largely derived by observing the final geometry and displacement (D)-length (L) characteristics of active and inactive fault arrays, and by subsequently inferring their kinematics. We can rarely determine how these geometric properties change through time, and how the growth of individual fault arrays relate to the temporal evolution of their host networks. Here we use 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the Exmouth Plateau, NW Shelf, Australia to determine the growth of rift-related, crustal-scale fault arrays and networks over geological timescales (>106 Ma). The excellent-quality seismic data allows us to reconstruct the entire Jurassic-to-Early Cretaceous fault network over a relatively large area (ca. 1,200 km2). We find that fault trace lengths were established early, within the first ca. 7.2 Myr of rifting, and that along-strike migration of throw maxima towards the centre of individual fault arrays occurred after ca. 28.5 Myr of rifting. Faults located in stress shadows become inactive and appear under-displaced relative to adjacent larger faults, onto which strain localises as rifting proceeds. This implies that the scatter frequently observed in D-L plots can simply reflect fault growth and network maturity. We show that by studying complete rift-related normal networks, rather than just individual fault arrays, we can better understand how faults grow and more generally how continental lithosphere deforms as it stretches.
Elliott GM, Jackson CA-L, Gawthorpe RL, et al., 2021, Tectono-stratigraphic development of a salt-influenced rift margin: Halten Terrace, offshore Mid-Norway, BASIN RESEARCH, Vol: 33, Pages: 3295-3320, ISSN: 0950-091X
do Amarante FB, Jackson CA-L, Pichel LM, et al., 2021, Pre-salt rift morphology controls salt tectonics in the Campos Basin, offshore SE Brazil, BASIN RESEARCH, Vol: 33, Pages: 2837-2861, ISSN: 0950-091X
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- Citations: 8
Kolawole F, Phillips TB, Atekwana EA, et al., 2021, Structural Inheritance Controls Strain Distribution During Early Continental Rifting, Rukwa Rift, FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE, Vol: 9
Steventon MJ, Jackson CA-L, Johnson HD, et al., 2021, Evolution of a sand-rich submarine channel-lobe system, and the impact of mass-transport and transitional-flow deposits on reservoir heterogeneity: Magnus Field, Northern North Sea, PETROLEUM GEOSCIENCE, Vol: 27, ISSN: 1354-0793
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- Citations: 6
Cumberpatch ZA, Finch E, Kane IA, et al., 2021, Halokinetic modulation of sedimentary thickness and architecture: A numerical modelling approach, BASIN RESEARCH, Vol: 33, Pages: 2572-2604, ISSN: 0950-091X
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- Citations: 2
Evans SL, Jackson CAL, Oppo D, 2021, Taking the Pulse of Salt-Detached Gravity Gliding in the Eastern Mediterranean, TECTONICS, Vol: 40, ISSN: 0278-7407
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- Citations: 2
Privat AM-LJ, Hodgson DM, Jackson CA-L, et al., 2021, Evolution from syn-rift carbonates to early post-rift deep-marine intraslope lobes: The role of rift basin physiography on sedimentation patterns, SEDIMENTOLOGY, Vol: 68, Pages: 2563-2605, ISSN: 0037-0746
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- Citations: 9
Erdi A, Jackson CA, 2021, What controls salt‐detached contraction in the translational domain of the outer Kwanza Basin, offshore Angola?, Basin Research, Vol: 33, Pages: 1880-1905, ISSN: 0950-091X
It is now well‐established that base‐salt relief drives complex deformation patterns in the mid‐slope domain of salt‐bearing passive margins, in a location classically thought to be dominated by simple horizontal translation. However, due to a lack of detailed studies drawing on high‐quality, 3D seismic reflection data, our understanding of how base‐salt relief controls four‐dimensional patterns of salt‐related deformation in natural systems remains poor. We here use 3D seismic reflection data from, and structural restorations of the Outer Kwanza Basin, offshore Angola to examine the controls on the evolution of variably oriented salt anticlines, rollers, and walls, and related normal and reverse faults. We show that the complex geometries and kinematics of predominantly contractional salt structures reflect up to 22 km of seaward flow of salt and its overburden across prominent base‐salt relief. More specifically, this contractional deformation occurs where the seaward flow of salt is inhibited due to: (a) it flowing being forced to flow up, landward‐dipping ramps; (b) it encountering thicker, slower‐moving salt near the base of seaward‐dipping ramps; or (c) the formation of primary salt welds at the upper hinge of seaward‐dipping ramps. The rate at which salt and its overburden translates seaward varies along strike due to corresponding variations in the magnitude of base‐salt relief and, at a larger, more regional scale, primary salt thickness. As a result of these along‐strike changes in translation rate, overburden rotation accompanies bulk contraction. Our study improves our understanding of salt‐related deformation on passive margins, highlighting the key role of base‐salt relief, and showing contraction, extension and rotation are fundamental processes controlling the structural style of the mid‐slope translational domains of salt basins.
Lathrop BA, Jackson CA-L, Bell RE, et al., 2021, Normal Fault Kinematics and the Role of Lateral Tip Retreat: An Example From Offshore NW Australia, TECTONICS, Vol: 40, ISSN: 0278-7407
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- Citations: 4
Dowey N, Barclay J, Fernando B, et al., 2021, A UK perspective on tackling the geoscience racial diversity crisis in the Global North, NATURE GEOSCIENCE, Vol: 14, Pages: 256-259, ISSN: 1752-0894
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- Citations: 14
Reeve MT, Magee C, Bastow ID, et al., 2021, Nature of the cuvier abyssal plain crust, offshore NW Australia, Journal of the Geological Society, Vol: 178, Pages: 1-17, ISSN: 0016-7649
Magnetic stripes have long been assumed to be indicative of oceanic crust. However, continental crust heavily intruded by magma can also record magnetic stripes. We re-evaluate the nature of the Cuvier Abyssal Plain (CAP), offshore NW Australia, which hosts magnetic stripes and has previously been defined as oceanic crust. We show that chemical data from a basalt within the CAP, previously described as an enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt, could equally be interpreted to contain evidence of contamination by continental material. We also recognize seaward-dipping reflector sequences in seismic reflection data across the CAP. Borehole data from overlying sedimentary rocks suggests that these seaward-dipping reflectors were emplaced in a shallow water (<200 m depth) or subaerial environment. Our results indicate that the CAP may not be unambiguous oceanic crust, but may instead consist of a spectrum of heavily intruded continental crust through to fully oceanic crust. If the CAP represents such a continent–ocean transition zone, then the adjacent unambiguous oceanic crust would be located >500 km further offshore NW Australia than currently thought. This would impact plate tectonic reconstructions, as well as heat flow and basin modelling studies. Our work also supports the growing consensus that magnetic stripes cannot, by themselves, be used to determine crustal affinity.
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