Publications
137 results found
Yuan Y, Jones A, Setchfield R, et al., 2021, Robust design optimisation of underplatform dampers for turbine applications using a surrogate model, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol: 494, Pages: 1-15, ISSN: 0022-460X
Underplatform dampers (UPD) represent an effective way to limit blade vibration in turbomachinery via frictional energy dissipation, leading to a wide range of applications. The design of an effective and reliable UPD is highly challenging, due to the inherently nonlinear nature of the contact forces, the associated computational cost for high fidelity simulation, and the manufacturing uncertainties in damper geometry. This paper presents a novel UPD optimisation approach that combines high-order, detailed nonlinear modelling of the damper interfaces with a surrogate model optimisation technique. The nonlinear dynamic behaviour of the UPD is predicted using the existing explicit damper model in combination with an ‘in-house’ multi-harmonic balance solvers, which enables capture of the damper kinematics and local contact conditions. A radial basis function based surrogate model will be used to address the computational requirement of the high fidelity simulations for alternative designs. The objective function takes into account the damping performance, resonance frequency stability and robustness due to possible uncertain variations of design parameters with manufacture tolerance. The feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a cottage roof UPD by comparing the proposed optimisation method with conventional parametric simulation method. A significantly improved solution with considerable reduction in computational effort is achieved by the current method.
Lasen M, Sun Y, Schwingshackl CW, et al., 2021, Analysis of an Actuated Frictional Interface for Improved Dynamic Performance, Nonlinear Structures & Systems, Publisher: Springer
Yuan J, Schwingshackl C, wong C, et al., 2021, On an improved adaptive reduced order model for the computation of steady state vibrations in large-scale non-conservative system with friction joints, Nonlinear Dynamics, Vol: 103, Pages: 3283-3300, ISSN: 0924-090X
Joints are commonly used in many large-scale engineering systems to ease assembly, and ensure structural integrity and effective load transmission. Most joints are designed around friction interfaces, which can transmit large static forces, but tend to introduce stick-slip transition during vibrations, leading to a nonlinear dynamic system. Tools for the complex numerical prediction of such nonlinear systems are available today, but their use for large-scale applications is regularly prevented by high computational cost. To address this issue, a novel adaptive reduced-order model (ROM) has recently been developed, significantly decreasing the computational time for such high fidelity simulations. Although highly effective, significant improvements to the proposed approach is presented and demonstrated in this paper, further increasing the efficiency of the ROM. An energy-based error estimator was developed and integrated into the nonlinear spectral analysis, leading to a significantly higher computational speed by removing insignificant static modes from the stuck contact nodes in the original reduced basis, and improving the computational accuracy by eliminating numerical noise. The effectiveness of the new approach was shown on an industrial-scale fan blades system with a dovetail joints, showing that the improved adaptive method can be 2–3 times more computationally efficient than the original adaptive method especially at high excitation levels but also effectively improve the accuracy of the original method.
Tuzzi G, Schwingshackl CW, Green JS, 2021, Shaft Bending to Zero Nodal Diameter Disc Coupling Effects in Rotating Structures Due to Asymmetric Bearing Supports, Pages: 379-382, ISSN: 2191-5644
In a flexible shaft-disc assembly, coupled shaft-disc vibration modes are likely to occur, provided that the natural frequencies of the two components are close. It is well known that the shaft axial and bending modes can couple with the zero and one Nodal Diameter (ND) modes of the disc, respectively. In a previous work, it has been shown that in presence of asymmetric axial-radial bearing supports, combined axial-bending shaft modes can occur, which are further impacted by gyroscopic forces when the system is rotating. Extending the previous findings, the impact of disc flexibility on this new coupling family has been investigated in more detail. The obtained results show the emergence of shaft whirling modes with an axial component, that can couple with 0ND or 1ND disc modes. As a result, a 0ND disc mode can possibly be excited by an out of balance mass on the shaft, leading to a previously unobserved vibration behaviour.
Szydlowski MJ, Schwingshackl CW, Rix A, 2021, Distributed Acquisition and Processing Network for Experimental Vibration Testing of Aero-Engine Structures, Pages: 209-212, ISSN: 2191-5644
Detailed vibration testing of large assembled structures, such as aeroengines, leads to significant requirements on data acquisition and processing. This can lead to high system cost and long post processing times, which often limit the amount of data that can be acquired. A novel hardware-software acquisition system combination is proposed here to overcome some of the challenges of large scale data acquisition, based on the idea to distribute the acquisition and data processing load between a network of specialized acquisition nodes. The nodes work in parallel and are independent of each other, while sharing a synchronization clock. Each node has the capability to process the data being acquired on-line. The network allows for testing of novel data analysis methods and its modular nature enables an easy expansion of the system when required.
Lasen M, Sun Y, Schwingshackl CW, et al., 2021, Analysis of an actuated frictional interface for improved dynamic performance, Pages: 227-230, ISSN: 2191-5644
Friction in assembled structures is of great interest due to its ability to reduce the vibration amplitude of critical components. The nonlinear behaviour of a structure depends on a variety of physical parameters. Among these parameters, the contact pressure distribution and the contact area have shown to be critical for the behaviour of the joint and the responses of assembled structures. In most application cases the impact of the interface geometry is not considered as a design parameter, although some attempts have been reported to shape the interface geometry for a specific dynamic response. Taking this idea of designing an interface geometry for a better dynamic performance a step further, the concept presented here propose an actively controlled interface geometry and contact pressure distribution, to change the joint behaviour during a vibration cycle. The concept consists of a device capable of manipulating the shape and pressure of a flexible membrane in contact with a rigid punch, subjected to a normal load and a tangential excitation, via a row of piezoelectric actuators.
Kosova G, Jin M, Cenedese M, et al., 2021, Nonlinear system identification of a jointed structure using full-field data: Part ii analysis, Pages: 185-188, ISSN: 2191-5644
Mechanical joints have a significant influence on the dynamic response of assembled structures. Due to friction, wear, and non-idealized boundary conditions, joints introduce significant nonlinearity into the dynamics of assembled structures. To better understand and, in the future, tailor the nonlinearities, accurate methods are needed to characterize the dynamic properties of jointed structures. In this research, the response analysis for a beam with a bolted lap joint is studied with the help of several available identification techniques. The experimental setup and data capture are described in Part I of this work, providing high spatial resolution data for a variety of excitation methods. The nonlinear identification of the data is the focus of this paper, aiming to perform nonlinear modal analysis and to localize the nonlinear characteristics of the structure with a series of different approaches.
Smith SA, Brake MRW, Schwingshackl CW, 2020, On the Characterization of Nonlinearities in Assembled Structures, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Vol: 142, ISSN: 1048-9002
This work refines a recently formalized methodology proposed by D.J. Ewins consisting of ten steps for model validation of nonlinear structures. This work details, through a series of experimental studies, that many standard test setup assumptions that are made when performing dynamic testing are invalid and need to be evaluated for each structure. The invalidation of the standard assumptions is due to the presence of nonlinearities, both known and unrecognized in the system. Complicating measurements, many nonlinearities are currently characterized as constant properties instead of variables that exhibit dependency on system hysteresis and actuation amplitude. This study reviews current methods for characterizing nonlinearities and outlines gaps in the approaches. A brief update to the CONCERTO method, based on the accelerance of a system, is derived for characterizing a system’s nonlinearities. Finally, this study ends with an updated methodology for model validation and the ramifications for modeling assemblies with nonlinearities are discussed.
Brake MRW, Krack M, Schwingshackl CW, 2020, Special Issue: Tribomechadynamics, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Vol: 142, ISSN: 1048-9002
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Brøns M, Kasper TA, Chauda G, et al., 2020, Experimental investigation of local dynamics in a bolted lap joint using digital image correlation, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Vol: 142, ISSN: 1048-9002
The dynamics of structures with joints commonly show nonlinearity in their responses. This nonlinear behavior can arise from the local dynamics of the contact interfaces. The nonlinear mechanisms at an interface are complicated to study due to the lack of observability within the contact interface itself. In this work, digital image correlation (DIC) is used in combination with a high-speed camera to observe the local motion at the edge of the interface of a bolted lap joint. Results demonstrate that it is possible to use this technique to monitor the localized motion of an interface successfully. It is observed that the two beam parts of the studied lap joint separate when undergoing bending vibrations and that there is a clear asymmetry in the response of the left and the right end of the interface. Profilometry indicates that the asymmetry in the response is due to the mesoscale topography of the contact interface, highlighting the importance of accounting for surface features in order to model the nonlinearities of a contact interface accurately.
Tuzzi G, Schwingshackl CW, Green JS, 2020, Study of coupling between shaft bending and disc zero nodal diameter modes in a flexible shaft-disc assembly, JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, Vol: 479, ISSN: 0022-460X
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- Citations: 14
Heller D, Sever IA, Schwingshackl CW, 2020, A method for multi-harmonic vibration analysis of turbomachinery blades using Blade Tip-Timing and clearance sensor waveforms and optimization techniques, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol: 142, ISSN: 0888-3270
A novel concept of investigating blade vibration in turbomachinery is presented on the basis of Blade Tip-Timing (BTT) and clearance sensor waveform analysis methods (BLASMA), with which vibration parameters are determined by global optimization. It is shown that the modulation of the sensor output by blade vibration can offer additional information compared with under-sampled time-of-arrival (TOA) data from traditional BTT applications. The sensor data can not only improve the validity of statements on blade vibration but also lessen the dependence on contact-based strain gauges measurements to produce reference data. A study was conducted to evaluate the merit of sensor waveform analysis with regard to determining asynchronous and synchronous single-harmonic and multi-harmonic blade vibration parameters. At first, waveforms were recorded with capacitive sensors during an experiment conducted on a research compressor. The experimentally measured waveforms were afterwards replicated in a simulator for imitating passing events of rotating and vibrating blades along a single virtual capacitive sensor. Finally, vibration properties, such as amplitudes, frequencies, and phases, are extracted from these waveforms with the help of global optimization methods. An investigation into the error proneness of the methodology is attached.
Tufekci M, Mace T, Özkal B, et al., 2020, Nonlinear dynamic behaviour of a nanocomposite: epoxy reinforced with fumed silica nanoparticles, XXV ICTAM
This study focuses on identification and modelling of vibration characteristics of a nanocomposite; an epoxy resin as thematrix and fumed silica as the reinforcement. The resin alone is manufactured and characterised. Using the same methodology,the manufacturing and characterisation of the silica-reinforced nanocomposite are performed. Following the manufacturing and theexperimental characterisation process, a nonlinear model is built to represent characterised behaviour. The model is validated by aseparate test case which is also an experimental technique to extract the damping characteristics of a structure.
Haslam AH, Schwingshackl CW, Rix AIJ, 2020, A parametric study of an unbalanced Jeffcott rotor supported by a rolling-element bearing, Nonlinear Dynamics, Vol: 99, Pages: 2571-2604, ISSN: 0924-090X
Rolling-element bearings are widely used in industrial rotating machines, and hence there is a strong need to accurately predict their influence on the response of such systems. However, this can be challenging due to an interaction between the dynamics of the rotor and the bearing nonlinearities, and it becomes difficult to provide a physical explanation for the nonlinear response. A novel approach, combining a Jeffcott rotor supported by a detailed bearing model with the generalised harmonic balance method, is presented, enabling an in-depth study of the complex rotor–stator interaction. This allows the quasi-periodic response of the rotor, due to variable compliance, to be captured, and the impact of clearance, ring and stator compliance, and centrifugal loading of the bearing on the response to be investigated. A strongly nonlinear response was observed due to the bearing, leading to large shifts in frequency as the excitation amplitude was increased, and the emergence of stable and unstable operating regions. The variable compliance effect generated sub-synchronous forcing, which led to sub-resonances when the ball pass frequency coincided with the frequency of one of the modes. Radial clearance in the bearing had by far the largest influence on the unbalance response, the self-excitation due to variable compliance, and the stability. Introducing outer ring compliance was found to slightly soften the system, and centrifugal loading on the bearing elements marginally increased the system’s region of instability, but neither of these effects had a significant impact on the response for the investigated bearing. When the bearing was mounted on a sufficiently compliant stator, the system was found to behave linearly.
Schwingshackl CW, 2020, Measuring aero-engine pipe vibration with a 3d scanning laser doppler vibrometer, Pages: 101-104, ISSN: 2191-5644
The vibration of accessories in an aero engine represents a major problem in the design, since failing accessories are a source of aero engine shut downs. Understanding the vibration behaviour of the accessories is challenging. Their manufacture, assembly and maintenance introduce a large amount of uncertainty to the actual state of the system and they are often of a very complex shape. This can lead to highly three-dimensional operating deflection shapes, with potentially strong nonlinear dynamic behaviour due to a multitude of joints. The above makes the accurate capture of the vibration response of supply pipes of an aero engine quite challenging. New 3D measurement techniques, such as 3D Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometers, can help to obtain a detailed map of the complex motion such systems experience in operation, but their tightly curved and small diameter pipes can present many challenges to an experimental setup. This paper will discuss the vibration measurement of a combustion chamber outer casing response with a 3D SLDV system, particularly focusing on some lessons learned during setup.
Rojas E, Punla-Green S, Broadman C, et al., 2020, A Priori Methods to Assess the Strength of Nonlinearities for Design Applications, Pages: 243-246, ISSN: 2191-5644
One of the greatest challenges to the optimization of assembled systems is a lack of understanding of how jointed interfaces augment system dynamics. Thus, a design tool that can assess the nonlinearity of a joint prior to manufacturing and experimentation will lead to significant savings in qualification testing and improved performance in terms of dynamic properties and failure rates. This paper explores the a priori metric hypothesis for jointed structures, which states that the strength of a nonlinearity (SNL) can be estimated by a metric derived from both the magnitude and uniformity of contact pressure within an interface and the modal strain energy at an interface’s location.
Schwingshackl CW, Nowell D, 2020, The Measurement of Tangential Contact Stiffness for Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis, Pages: 165-167, ISSN: 2191-5644
Nonlinear dynamic models for frictional interfaces require a number of input parameters to allow a realistic representation of the contact interface. Interface geometry and static pressure distributions can be obtained reliably from numerical analysis. However, it is also necessary to measure the friction coefficient, and the tangential and normal contact stiffness. The tangential contact stiffness plays a significant role in the dynamic response, but is very challenging to measure. In this paper quasi-static and dynamic experiments developed at the University of Oxford and at Imperial College London respectively, will be compared and discussed. Of particular interest is the dependence of the stiffness on the static normal load and the overall contact area.
Zhu YP, Yuan J, Lang ZQ, et al., 2020, The data driven surrogate model based dynamic design of aero-engine fan systems
High cycle fatigue failures of fan blade systems due to vibrational loads are of great concern in the design of aero engines, where energy dissipation by the relative frictional motion in the dovetail joints provides the main damping to mitigate the vibrations. The performance of such a frictional damping can be enhanced by suitable coatings. However, the analysis and design of coated joint roots of gas turbine fan blades are computationally expensive due to strong contact friction nonlinearities and also complex physics involved in the dovetail. In this study, a data driven surrogate model, known as the Nonlinear in Parameter AutoRegressive with eXegenous input (NP-ARX) model, is introduced to circumvent the difficulties in the analysis and design of fan systems. The NP-ARX model is a linear input-output model, where the model coefficients are nonlinear functions of the design parameters of interest, such that the Frequency Response Function (FRF) can be directly obtained and used in the system analysis and design. A simplified fan bladed disc system is considered as the test case. The results show that by using the data driven surrogate model, an efficient and accurate design of aero-engine fan systems can be achieved. The approach is expected to be extended to solve the analysis and design problems of many other complex systems.
Fantetti A, Schwingshackl C, 2020, Effect of friction on the structural dynamics of built-up structures: An experimental study
Frictional contacts are a major source of uncertainty in the correct prediction of the dynamic response of built-up structures. This uncertainty is partially due to a limited understanding of the effects of friction on dynamic responses. Vice versa, dynamic responses can also affect the frictional behaviour of the interfaces in contact. In the present study, the mutual relationships between frictional behaviour and structural dynamics are investigated by means of a high frequency friction rig. The rig is characterised by a simple and localised frictional contact that is needed to accurately measure hysteresis loops. Of course, the rig also has its own dynamic response, and consequently represents an excellent test case to gain a better understanding of the correlation between hysteresis loop shapes and their effect upon the dynamics. Impact hammer tests and shaker tests were performed on the friction rig, and lead to changes in the damping and stiffness of its dynamic response, which were linked to variations in the frictional behaviour of the contact. Furthermore, there was some indication as to how certain resonances of the system might strongly affect the frictional behaviour. In particular, it was observed that full sliding causes excitation of structural modes that in turn lead to distortions in the measured hysteresis loops. These findings confirm the strong relationship between friction and dynamics, thus highlighting the necessity to include a detailed frictional description of contacting interfaces for more accurate modelling of the dynamics of built-up structures.
Yuan J, Schwingshackl C, Salles L, et al., 2020, Reduced order method based on an adaptive formulation and its application to fan blade system with dovetail joints
Localized nonlinearities due to the contact friction interfaces are widely present in the aero-engine structures. They can significantly reduce the vibration amplitudes and shift the resonance frequencies away from critical operating speeds, by exploiting the frictional energy dissipation at the contact interface. However, the modelling capability to predict the dynamics of such large-scale systems with these nonlinearities is often impeded by the high computational expense. Component mode synthesis (CMS) based reduced order modelling (ROM) are commonly used to overcome this problem in jointed structures. However, the computational efficiency of these classical ROMs are sometimes limited as their size is proportional to the DOFs of joint interfaces resulting in a full dense matrix. A new ROM based on an adaptive formulation is proposed in this paper to improve the CMS methods for reliable predictions of the dynamics in jointed structures. This new ROM approach is able to adaptively switch the sticking contact nodes off during the online computation leading to a significant size reduction comparing to the CMS based models. The large-scale high fidelity fan blade assembly is used as the case study. The forced response obtained from the novel ROM is compared to the state-of-the-art CMS based Craig-Bampton method. A parametric study is then carried out to assess the influence of the contact parameters on the dynamics of the fan assembly. The feasibility of using this proposed method for nonlinear modal analysis is also characterised.
Pesaresi L, Fantetti A, Cegla F, et al., 2020, On the use of ultrasound waves to monitor the local dynamics of friction joints, Experimental Mechanics, Vol: 60, Pages: 129-141, ISSN: 0014-4851
Friction joints are one of the fundamental means used for the assembly of structural components in engineering applications. The structural dynamics of these components becomes nonlinear, due to the nonlinear nature of the forces arising at the contact interface characterised by stick-slip phenomena and separation. Advanced numerical models have been proposed in the last decades which have shown some promising capabilities in capturing these local nonlinearities. However, despite the research efforts in producing more advanced models over the years, a lack of validation experiments made it difficult to have fully validated models. For this reason, experimental techniques which can provide insights into the local dynamics of joints can be of great interest for the refinement of such models and for the optimisation of the joint design and local wear predictions. In this paper, a preliminary study is presented where ultrasound waves are used to characterise the local dynamics of friction contacts by observing changes of the ultrasound reflection/transmission at the friction interface. The experimental technique is applied to a dynamic friction rig, where two steel specimens are rubbed against each other under a harmonic tangential excitation. Initial results show that, with a controlled experimental test procedure, this technique can identify microslip effects at the contact interface.
Wang X, Szydlowski M, Yuan J, et al., 2020, An interpolated FFT algorithm for full-field nonlinear modal testing with a 3D-SLDV, International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering (ISMA) / International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics (USD), Publisher: KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN, DEPT WERKTUIGKUNDE, Pages: 2261-2273
Fantetti A, Pennisi C, Botto D, et al., 2020, Comparison of contact parameters measured with two different friction rigs for nonlinear dynamic analysis, International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering (ISMA) / International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics (USD), Publisher: KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN, DEPT WERKTUIGKUNDE, Pages: 2165-2174
Mace T, Taylor J, Schwingshackl CW, 2020, A Novel Technique to Extract the Modal Damping Properties of a Thin Blade, 37th International Modal Analysis Conference and Exposition (IMAC) on Structural Dynamics, Publisher: SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, Pages: 247-250, ISSN: 2191-5644
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- Citations: 6
Fantetti A, Tamatam, Volvert, et al., 2019, The impact of fretting wear on structural dynamics: experiment and simulation, Tribology International, Vol: 138, Pages: 111-124, ISSN: 0301-679X
This paper investigates the effects of fretting wear on frictional contacts. A high frequency friction rig is used to measure the evolution of hysteresis loops, friction coefficient and tangential contact stiffness over time. This evolution of the contact parameters is linked to significant changes in natural frequencies and damping of the rig. Hysteresis loops are replicated by using a Bouc-Wen modified formulation, which includes wear to simulate the evolution of contact parameters and to model the evolving dynamic behaviour of the rig. A comparison of the measured and predicted dynamic behaviour demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approach and highlights the need to consider wear to accurately capture the dynamic response of a system with frictional joints over its lifetime.
Brake MRW, Schwingshackl CW, Reuß P, 2019, Observations of variability and repeatability in jointed structures, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol: 129, Pages: 282-307, ISSN: 0888-3270
The experimental study of joint mechanics has been limited in its effectiveness due to the high uncertainty associated with assemblies of sub-components. In particular, two categories of uncertainty are variability (the uncertainty in measurements of different, nominally identical parts) and repeatability (the uncertainty in measurements of the same set of parts). As a result, the uncertainty measured is often greater than the nonlinear characteristics being studied (such as amplitude dependent frequency and damping), which makes meaningful experimentation challenging. This paper analyzes the contributors to uncertainty in the form of variability and repeatability in order to make recommendations for methods to reduce the uncertainty and to redesign a joint to improve its dynamics. Experiments are summarized that investigate the role of experimental setup, interface roughness, settling versus wear, interface geometry (both meso-scale and macro-scale), and the structure surrounding the joint. From the results of these studies, recommendations for the measurement of nonlinearities in jointed structures are made.
Tatar A, Schwingshackl CW, Friswell MI, 2019, Dynamic behaviour of three-dimensional planetary geared rotor systems, Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol: 134, Pages: 39-56, ISSN: 0094-114X
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd A six degrees of freedom dynamic model of a planetary geared rotor system with equally spaced planets is developed by considering gyroscopic effects. The dynamic model is created using a lumped parameter model of the planetary gearbox and a finite element model of the rotating shafts using Timoshenko beams. The gears and carrier in the planetary gearbox are assumed to be rigid, and the gear teeth contacts and bearing elements are assumed to be flexible. The modal analysis results show that torsional and axial vibrations on the shafts are coupled in the helical gearing configuration due to the gear helix angle whereas these vibrations become uncoupled for spur gearing. Mainly, the vibration modes are classified as coupled torsional-axial, lateral and gearbox for the helical gear configuration, and torsional, axial, lateral and gearbox for the spur gear configuration. Modal energy analysis is used to quantify the coupling level between the shafts and the planetary gearbox, highlighting the impact of the gearbox on certain mode families. Gyroscopic effects of the planetary gearbox are found to be of great importance in the gearbox dominated modes.
Armand J, Pesaresi L, Salles L, et al., 2019, A modelling approach for the nonlinear dynamics of assembled structures undergoing fretting wear, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol: 475, ISSN: 1364-5021
© 2019 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Assembled structures tend to exhibit nonlinear dynamic behaviour at high excitation levels due to the presence of contact interfaces. The possibility of building predictive models relies on the ability of the modelling strategy to capture the complex nonlinear phenomena occurring at the interface. One of these phenomena, normally neglected, is the fretting wear occurring at the frictional interface. In this paper, a computationally efficient modelling approach which enables considerations of the effect of fretting wear on the nonlinear dynamics is presented. A multiscale strategy is proposed, in which two different time scales and space scales are used for the contact analysis and dynamic analysis. Thanks to the decoupling of the contact and dynamic analysis, a more realistic representation of the contact interface, which includes surface roughness, is possible. The proposed approach is applied to a single bolted joint resonator with a simulated rough contact interface. A tendency towards an increase of real contact area and contact stiffness at the interface is clearly observed. The dynamic response of the system is shown to evolve over time, with a slight decrease of damping and an increase of resonance frequency, highlighting the impact of fretting wear on the system dynamics.
Haslam AH, Schwingshackl CW, Rix AIJ, 2019, Analysis of the Dynamic Response of Coupled Coaxial Rotors, Pages: 53-65, ISSN: 2191-5644
The fundamental dynamics of a single rotor are very well understood, and extensively covered in the literature. However, many rotating machines such as aircraft engines consist of multiple shafts, which are often directly coupled by inter-shaft bearings. This paper aims to provide better insight into the underlying dynamics of such systems by analysing a simple but representative model of a rigid dual-rotor system. The modes and natural frequencies were computed numerically and it was found that the different modes could be classified by the following criteria: (i) relative phase of the motion of each rotor, (ii) whirl direction of the rotors, and (iii) presence of rotational or translational motion. The high-speed mode shapes could also be classified into (i) “static” modes with very low frequencies, (ii) “flat” modes which tend towards constant frequencies, and (iii) “precessional” modes which have a frequency which linearly increases with speed. A parameter study was performed in order to obtain a better understanding of the sensitivity of the modal properties. It was found that increasing the inter-shaft bearing stiffness can raise the natural frequencies of the modes at low speeds as well as the critical speeds, but has less influence at high speeds. The speed ratio influences the whirl direction of the modes and hence plays a crucial role in determining how each mode varies with speed. Since the speed ratio also controls the frequency of excitation from unbalances, it has a particularly profound effect on the critical speeds, and extra ones can arise. The importance of considering the dynamics of the complete system in the design of turbomachinery with multiple-shafts was highlighted.
Seeger B, Butaud P, Baloglu MV, et al., 2019, In situ measurements of interfacial contact pressure during impact hammer tests, Pages: 225-236, ISSN: 2191-5644
Understanding the nonlinear dynamical contact interactions within joints is crucial for understanding and predicting the dynamics of assembled structures. In spite of this, most experimental investigations focused on the global vibration behavior, since the local interactions at the interface cannot be observed with standard techniques. In the present work, an advance contact pressure measurement system is used in a unique way to analyze, in situ, the interfacial contact pressures and the contact area inside a bolted lap joint connecting two beams (Brake-Reuß beam). An important feature of the measurement system is that it is designed for frequency ranges including the typical vibration frequency of the Brake-Reuß beam’s first eigenmode, and thus permits measurement under dynamic excitation. The dynamics of the contact pressures were investigated with different bolt torque levels and with different excitation levels. The experiments found that significant variations of the contact state occurred and that the contact pressure measurement system could adequately resolve this effect. The influence of the measurement system itself on the global vibration response of the Brake-Reuß beam was shown to be tolerable.
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