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@article{Gawecki:2019:qjmed/hcz023,
author = {Gawecki, F and Strangeways, T and Amin, A and Perks, J and Wolfenden, H and Thurainatnam, S and Rizvi, A and Jackson, JE and Santhirapala, V and Myers, J and Brown, J and Howard, LSGE and Tighe, HC and Shovlin, CL},
doi = {qjmed/hcz023},
journal = {QJM: An International Journal of Medicine},
pages = {335--342},
title = {Exercise capacity reflects airflow limitation rather than hypoxaemia in patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcz023},
volume = {112},
year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) generate a right-to-left shunt. Impaired gas exchange results in hypoxemia and impaired CO2 clearance. Most patients compensate effectively but a proportion are dyspneic, and these are rarely the most hypoxaemic. Aim: To test degrees of concurrent pathology influencing exercise capacity. Design: Replicate, sequential single centre, prospective studies. Methods: Cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) were performed in 26 patients with PAVMs, including individuals with and without known airflow obstruction. To replicate, relationships were tested prospectively in an independent cohort where self-reported exercise capacity evaluated by the Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ) was used to calculate metabolic equivalents at peak exercise (METS N = 71). Additional measurements included oxygen saturation (SpO2), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), vital capacity (VC), exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), haemoglobin and iron indices. Results: By CPET, the peak work-rate was only minimally associated with low SpO2 or low arterial oxygen content (CaO2=1.34 x SpO2 x haemoglobin), but was reduced in patients with low FEV1 or VC. Supranormal work-rates were seen in patients with severe right-to-left shunting and SpO2 <90%, but only if FEV1 was >80% predicted. VSAQ-calculated METS also demonstrated little relationship with SpO2, and in crude and CaO2-adjusted regression, were lower in patients with lower FEV1 or VC. Bronchodilation increased airflow even where spirometry was in the normal range: exhaled nitric oxide measurements were normal in 80% of cases, and unrelated to any PAVM-specific variable. Conclusions: Exercise capacity is reduced by relatively mild airflow limitation (obstructive or restrictive) in the setting of PAVMs.
AU  - Gawecki,F
AU  - Strangeways,T
AU  - Amin,A
AU  - Perks,J
AU  - Wolfenden,H
AU  - Thurainatnam,S
AU  - Rizvi,A
AU  - Jackson,JE
AU  - Santhirapala,V
AU  - Myers,J
AU  - Brown,J
AU  - Howard,LSGE
AU  - Tighe,HC
AU  - Shovlin,CL
DO  - qjmed/hcz023
EP  - 342
PY  - 2019///
SN  - 1460-2393
SP  - 335
TI  - Exercise capacity reflects airflow limitation rather than hypoxaemia in patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations
T2  - QJM: An International Journal of Medicine
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcz023
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30657990
UR  - https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/112/5/335/5290088
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/66738
VL  - 112
ER  -

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Claire L. Shovlin PhD FRCP

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