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@article{So:2021:10.1002/ijc.33743,
author = {So, R and Chen, J and Mehta, AJ and Liu, S and Strak, M and Wolf, K and Hvidtfeldt, UA and Rodopoulou, S and Stafoggia, M and Klompmaker, JO and Samoli, E and Raaschou-Nielsen, O and Atkinson, R and Bauwelinck, M and Bellander, T and Boutron-Ruault, M-C and Brandt, J and Brunekreef, B and Cesaroni, G and Concin, H and Forastiere, F and van, Gils CH and Gulliver, J and Hertel, O and Hoffmann, B and de, Hoogh K and Janssen, N and Lim, Y-H and Westendorp, R and Jørgensen, JT and Katsouyanni, K and Ketzel, M and Lager, A and Lang, A and Ljungman, PL and Magnusson, PKE and Nagel, G and Simonsen, MK and Pershagen, G and Peter, RS and Peters, A and Renzi, M and Rizzuto, D and Sigsgaard, T and Vienneau, D and Weinmayr, G and Severi, G and Fecht, D and Tjønneland, A and Leander, K and Hoek, G and Andersen, ZJ},
doi = {10.1002/ijc.33743},
journal = {International Journal of Cancer},
pages = {1887--1897},
title = {Long-term exposure to air pollution and liver cancer incidence in six European cohorts},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.33743},
volume = {149},
year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Particulate matter air pollution and diesel engine exhaust have been classified as carcinogenic for lung cancer, yet few studies have explored associations with liver cancer. We used six European adult cohorts which were recruited between 1985 and 2005, pooled within the 'Effects of low-level air pollution: A study in Europe' (ELAPSE) project, and followed for the incidence of liver cancer until 2011 to 2015. The annual average exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5 ), black carbon (BC), warm-season ozone (O3 ), and eight elemental components of PM2.5 (copper, iron, zinc, sulfur, nickel, vanadium, silicon, potassium) were estimated by European-wide hybrid land-use regression models at participants' residential addresses. We analyzed the association between air pollution and liver cancer incidence by Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders. Of 330,064 cancer-free adults at baseline, 512 developed liver cancer during a mean follow-up of 18.1 years. We observed positive linear associations between NO2 (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 1.02-1.35 per 10 μg/m3 ), PM2.5 (1.12, 0.92-1.36 per 5 μg/m3 ), and BC (1.15, 1.00-1.33 per 0.5 10-5 /m) and liver cancer incidence. Associations with NO2 and BC persisted in two-pollutant models with PM2.5 . Most components of PM2.5 were associated with the risk of liver cancer, with the strongest associations for sulfur and vanadium, which were robust to adjustment for PM2.5 or NO2 . Our study suggests that ambient air pollution may increase the risk of liver cancer, even at concentrations below current EU standards. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
AU  - So,R
AU  - Chen,J
AU  - Mehta,AJ
AU  - Liu,S
AU  - Strak,M
AU  - Wolf,K
AU  - Hvidtfeldt,UA
AU  - Rodopoulou,S
AU  - Stafoggia,M
AU  - Klompmaker,JO
AU  - Samoli,E
AU  - Raaschou-Nielsen,O
AU  - Atkinson,R
AU  - Bauwelinck,M
AU  - Bellander,T
AU  - Boutron-Ruault,M-C
AU  - Brandt,J
AU  - Brunekreef,B
AU  - Cesaroni,G
AU  - Concin,H
AU  - Forastiere,F
AU  - van,Gils CH
AU  - Gulliver,J
AU  - Hertel,O
AU  - Hoffmann,B
AU  - de,Hoogh K
AU  - Janssen,N
AU  - Lim,Y-H
AU  - Westendorp,R
AU  - Jørgensen,JT
AU  - Katsouyanni,K
AU  - Ketzel,M
AU  - Lager,A
AU  - Lang,A
AU  - Ljungman,PL
AU  - Magnusson,PKE
AU  - Nagel,G
AU  - Simonsen,MK
AU  - Pershagen,G
AU  - Peter,RS
AU  - Peters,A
AU  - Renzi,M
AU  - Rizzuto,D
AU  - Sigsgaard,T
AU  - Vienneau,D
AU  - Weinmayr,G
AU  - Severi,G
AU  - Fecht,D
AU  - Tjønneland,A
AU  - Leander,K
AU  - Hoek,G
AU  - Andersen,ZJ
DO  - 10.1002/ijc.33743
EP  - 1897
PY  - 2021///
SN  - 0020-7136
SP  - 1887
TI  - Long-term exposure to air pollution and liver cancer incidence in six European cohorts
T2  - International Journal of Cancer
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.33743
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34278567
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.33743
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/90909
VL  - 149
ER  -

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