Imperial College London

Professor David Potts

Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Senior Research Investigator
 
 
 
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d.potts

 
 
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505Skempton BuildingSouth Kensington Campus

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Summary

 

Publications

Publication Type
Year
to

485 results found

Ruiz Lopez A, Tsiampousi A, Standing J, Potts Det al., 2024, A new model for simulating the behaviour of grey cast iron tunnel joints with structural elements in geotechnical analysis, Engineering Structures, Vol: 304, ISSN: 0141-0296

Recent developments have demonstrated that the behaviour of segmental grey cast iron (GCI) tunnel linings can be simulated accurately with sophisticated 3D numerical models where the geometry of the segments and joints is considered explicitly. Such a 3D model is, however, impractical for geotechnical numerical analyses where the tunnel lining is usually simulated with simpler, structural elements. In this paper, a novel tunnel joint model specifically developed for simulating the behaviour of GCI longitudinal joints with beam elements in geotechnical finite element analysis is introduced. Unlike existing models, the model considers the contribution of the bolts to the joint response and the nonlinear decay of the rotational stiffness after joint opening as well as the dependency on the compression level. After calibration of the model parameters, the model was utilised in a series of parametric analyses replicating the elastic continuum model using 2D beam elements. The response of the segmental GCI lining was essentially equivalent to that predicted by an advanced 3D model which validated the new modelling approach. The development of the joint beam model enables the nonlinear behaviour of segmental GCI tunnel linings to be accounted for in routine geotechnical numerical analyses.

Journal article

Möller JK, Taborda DMG, Kontoe S, Potts DMet al., 2024, A shear history model for capturing the liquefaction resistance of sands at various cyclic stress ratios, Computers and Geotechnics, Vol: 166, Pages: 105940-105940, ISSN: 0266-352X

Various constitutive formulations have been developed over the years to reproduce the cyclic resistance of sands.A common challenge for existing models is the accurate simulation of the cyclic strength of sands for a widerange of initial conditions and different cyclic stress levels when adopting a single calibration. Many liquefactionmodels tend to overpredict the resistance of the soil under large-amplitude loading, while underestimating thestrength at low-amplitude cyclic shearing. This manifests itself in slopes of simulated cyclic resistance ratiocurves (CRR-curves) which are steeper than experimental studies indicate. This paper provides a discussion onthe effects of large-amplitude and low-amplitude cyclic shearing on a granular material based on micromechanical and experimental investigations presented in the literature. A constitutive model with a shear-historythreshold is proposed, which accounts for a shift of the apparent angle of phase transformation under cyclicloading. In addition, a novel expression for a deviatoric fabric tensor is introduced to describe the evolution ofshear-induced fabric anisotropy while a soil is dilating and contracting. Combining these two features in oneformulation within the bounding surface plasticity framework enables an accurate prediction of cyclic strength ofsands under a wide range of cyclic stress ratios.

Journal article

Cui W, Jing H, Potts DM, Dong L, Pedone G, Zdravkovic L, Yao Yet al., 2024, Time-step constraints in coupled hydro-mechanical finite element analysis of unsaturated soils, Computers and Geotechnics, Vol: 165, ISSN: 0266-352X

In the finite element (FE) modelling of transient coupled problems for soils, the associated equations need to be integrated numerically over a time interval during the solution process. A minimum time-step size has been observed to exist, below which spatial oscillations in the obtained solutions can occur. These oscillations might lead to an accumulation of the resultant errors, eventually leading to invalid final predictions. This paper presents an analytical approach for deriving the time-step constraints for FE modelling of the transient behaviour of unsaturated soils with a fully coupled hydro-mechanical (HM) formulation. The effects of both element type and nonlinear soil properties are accounted for in the derivation. The proposed time-step constraints were subsequently verified through a series of coupled HM FE analyses of unsaturated soils, showing an excellent agreement. The present work shows that, when dealing with unsaturated soils, the minimum time-step size depends on the suction range investigated. This dependency derives from the nonlinear variation of water content and permeability with suction, as demonstrated through a set of comparative studies with three different types of unsaturated clays.

Journal article

Ruiz López A, Tsiampousi A, Standing JR, Potts DMet al., 2023, The influence of tunnel joints on the present-day condition of a grey cast iron tunnel, Computers and Geotechnics, Vol: 164, Pages: 1-18, ISSN: 0266-352X

The present-day condition of a grey cast iron (GCI) tunnel was investigated numerically by means of a series of plane-strain geotechnical analyses that focused on establishing the influence of the modelling approach adopted to simulate the behaviour of longitudinal tunnel joints. The GCI tunnel lining was simulated in three different ways: (i) as a continuous lining; (ii) as a jointed lining adopting a simple joint model that neglects the presence of the joint bolts and (iii) as a jointed lining adopting a more sophisticated model that considers both the nonlinear response of the joint after opening and the contribution of the bolts to the ultimate capacity. The numerical results demonstrate that accounting for the tunnel joints has a considerable impact on the tunnel response. Significant differences are also observed in the results obtained with the two joint models, hence demonstrating the practical significance of employing an advanced model able to reproduce accurately the rotational behaviour of the joint. The drainage behaviour of the joints was also investigated and the numerical results indicate that drainage even through only the knee joints causes significantly more soil consolidation than that from a watertight tunnel and consequently, larger tunnel deformations and forces.

Journal article

Potts D, Zdravkovic L, 2023, Computer analysis principles in geotechnical engineering, ICE Manual of Geotechnical Engineering: Second Edition, Pages: 37-59, ISBN: 9780727766816

This chapter categorises various forms of computational analysis in geotechnical engineering and explains both positive and negative aspects of their performance. The conventional methods of analysis are considered first, followed by some of the main aspects of advanced numerical analysis.

Book chapter

Kirkham A, Tsiampousi A, Potts DM, 2023, Thermo-mechanical behaviour of a kaolin-based clay soil, Geotechnique: international journal of soil mechanics, ISSN: 0016-8505

The thermal behaviour of KSS, a low plasticity artificial clay made with kaolin clay, silt, and sand, was investigated in a series of temperature-controlled oedometer tests, at temperatures between 5 °C and 70 °C, and at vertical pressures up to 2.4 MPa. The experiments investigated the effect of over-consolidation ratio (OCR), pressure level, and repeated thermal cycling on thermally-induced volume change. Thermal volumetric strains were found to be dependent not only on OCR but also on pressure level, contradicting previous experimental findings and highlighting the importance of even a small dependency of compression index Cc on temperature. Furthermore, thermal volumetric strains were irreversible on heating and cooling even for highly over-consolidated samples. Although irreversibility at high OCR values has been attributed to particle rearrangement and plastic accommodation in the past, an alternative explanation is put forward here, as yielding on the Hvorslev surface is expected to occur on unloading under 1D conditions. The tests also revealed evidence of thermal creep for the initially normally-consolidated samples. The effect of both current temperature and temperature history on the reloading response of mechanically over-consolidated KSS was tested and quantified in terms of their effect on the measured pre-consolidation pressure. The results from these tests were compared to results from the available literature referring to clays of similar and higher plasticity and the comparison highlighted that although soil plasticity can explain the observed quantitative differences between high plasticity soils to a large extent, mineralogy, in addition to structure, may also play an important role for low plasticity soils.

Journal article

Ruiz López A, Tsiampousi A, Standing JR, Potts DMet al., 2023, Numerical characterisation of the rotational behaviour of grey cast iron tunnel joints, Computers and Geotechnics, Vol: 159, Pages: 1-17, ISSN: 0266-352X

The structural assessment of segmental grey cast iron (GCI) tunnel linings to nearby construction is challenging due to the presence of the joints affecting the stiffness of the tunnel lining. This paper presents an extensive investigation, using 3D finite element (FE) analyses, into the bending moment-rotation (M-θ) behaviour of two GCI tunnel joint geometries. These two geometries correspond to standard running and station tunnels of the London Underground network. The contribution of this study is two-fold. i) The novel characterisation of the M-θ response enables the development of new models for simulating the mechanical response of GCI tunnel joints with structural elements which can be used in simplified, 2D geotechnical analysis for tunnel safety assessments. ii) The analyses provide insight into the behaviour of GCI tunnel linings that would be difficult to achieve through experimental and field observations alone. More specifically, the analyses show that when the bolts are removed from the joints the possibility of tensile failure can be disregarded; that the initial bolt preload influences the rotational stiffness only after some rotation has taken place and does not alter the bending moment of opening; and that the out-of-plane displacement restraint has little influence on the joint response.

Journal article

Moller JK, Kontoe S, Taborda D, Potts Det al., 2023, Resonance in offshore wind turbine systems due to seismic loading and extensive soil liquefaction, 10th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, Publisher: International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

Conference paper

Pedone G, Kontoe S, Zdravkovic L, Jardine R, Potts Det al., 2023, A sensitivity study on the mechanical properties of interface elements adopted in finite element analyses to simulate the interaction between soil and laterally loaded piles, 10th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, Publisher: International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

An increasing number of offshore energy structures have been built recently on driven piles, ranging from jack-et piles with typical length-to-diameter (L/D) ratios of 10-40 to monopiles with far lower L/D ratios. The load-displacementbehaviour of these foundations can be investigated by means of Finite Element (FE) analyses, for instance following the designmethodology developed by the PISA Joint Industry Project (JIP). A challenging aspect of the modelling, for piles loaded eitheraxially or laterally, is the simulation of the behaviour at the soil-pile interface with the adoption of suitable formulations for theinterface elements and with representative mechanical properties. This paper presents a sensitivity study conducted on both theelastic and plastic properties of interface elements adopted in FE analyses of laterally loaded piles driven in chalk. The studybenefited from the extensive field and laboratory test results collected during the ALPACA JIP and the corresponding piletests. The aim of the paper is to provide guidance for numerical modelling on the selection of the most appropriate mechanicalproperties of interface elements to be used in the analyses of soil-pile interaction under lateral loading.

Conference paper

Koronides M, Kontoe S, Zdravkovic L, Vratsikidis A, Pitilakis D, Anastasiadis A, Potts Det al., 2023, Numerical simulation of soil-structure interaction experiments on shallow founded structures for different mass configurations, 10th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, Publisher: International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) phenomena and foundation rocking can modify the structural response signifi-cantly with respect to the response predicted adopting the fixed-base assumption. The importance of SSI and rocking depends,among other factors, on the structural mass and the distribution of static stresses at the soil-foundation interface. Within thiscontext, an experimental campaign was carried out aiming to investigate the SSI effects on the response of a 3m x 3m x 5m steel-framed structure. The prototype structure, called EUROPROTEAS, was founded on a shallow footing at the well-characterisedEuroseistest site, while its mass was either 18Mgr or 9Mgr. The present study simulates free vibration experiments, placingparticular emphasis on soil nonlinearity and soil-foundation interface. A novel approach to simulate gaps at the soil-foundationinterface, foundation rocking and to manipulate interface stresses under static conditions is presented. The three aspects areshown to significantly affect the response, while they are found to be more important for the lighter structure.

Conference paper

Cui W, Wu X, Potts DM, Zdravkovic Let al., 2023, Nonlocal strain regularisation for critical state models with volumetric hardening, Computers and Geotechnics, Vol: 157, Pages: 1-10, ISSN: 0266-352X

The finite element (FE) method may suffer from numerical instability and mesh dependency when modelling the formation of shear bands using strain-softening constitutive models. Nonlocal methods have been shown to be capable of avoiding these numerical issues effectively. This paper proposes a novel generic algorithm for incorporating existing nonlocal methods into the FE formulation of elasto-plastic constitutive models with volumetric hardening laws. Using the example of the modified Cam Clay (MCC) model this paper shows that instabilities are inevitable if the nonlocal plastic volumetric strains are directly used to update the hardening parameter. The paper further proposes a robust regularisation algorithm to overcome this issue. This algorithm has been implemented into a bespoke FE code and its capability in significantly reducing mesh dependency while maintaining numerical stability is verified through a series of numerical analyses of biaxial compression tests for highly overconsolidated clays. The performance of various existing nonlocal methods is also critically assessed.

Journal article

Le T, Standing J, Potts D, 2023, Reassessing variations in the small-strain stiffness of London Clay, Géotechnique, Pages: 1-15, ISSN: 0016-8505

High-quality rotary core samples of natural London Clay were taken during installation of subsurface instrumentation to monitor the ground response at Hyde Park, London, to the construction of Crossrail tunnels. An extensive programme of advanced triaxial tests was performed on specimens from London Clay divisions A3 to C. Detailed analysis of their response to undrained shearing in compression from their estimated in situ stress state provides new insights into the magnitude of and changes in stiffness at small- and medium-strain levels. A consistent trend in the variation of small-strain stiffness with depth and lithological division is established for the Hyde Park research site. Differences between the stiffness magnitudes from this investigation and those reported earlier by others are shown to be a result of the conditions before and during undrained shearing, particularly the ratio of shearing axial strain rate to the preceding creep strain rate. This provides an explanation for significant discrepancies in small-strain stiffness values reported in recent years, which have led to uncertainties regarding which values to adopt, particularly for numerical analysis applications. Understanding the relevance of the axial shearing to creep rate ratio allows for improved triaxial testing techniques and the subsequent interpretation of the test data.

Journal article

Pedone G, Zdravkovic L, Potts D, Tsiampousi Aet al., 2023, Numerical modelling of unsaturated MX-80 bentonite subjected to two different hydration paths and subsequent loading to high-pressures, 8th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils

Conference paper

Petalas AL, Tsiampousi A, Zdravkovic L, Potts DMet al., 2022, Numerical investigation of the performance of engineered barriers in controlling stormwater runoff, Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment, Vol: 32, Pages: 1-15, ISSN: 2352-3808

In this paper, 2-dimensional, hydro-mechanically coupled finite element analyses are conducted to assess the performance of an engineered barrier, constructed from natural geomaterials, aimed at reducing flood risk in urban environments. The barrier consists of an unsaturated compacted soil layer with water holding properties and a drainage layer of a coarse granular material, that acts as a capillary break, and is constructed on top of the natural soil, in this case London clay. The barrier is vegetated so that its water storage capacity is renewed after each rainfall event. Sophisticated boundary conditions are used to simulate the effect of precipitation and evapotranspiration. The evolution of the rainfall infiltration and runoff rate is simulated both for a treated soil column with an engineered barrier and an untreated one consisting solely of in-situ London Clay. The percolation rate of rainfall water from the bottom of the barrier is also estimated. This comparison highlights the effectiveness of the engineered barrier in reducing the risk of fast flooding, in preventing excessive deformations and in protecting underground infrastructure during wetting and drying cycles. The effect of the hydraulic properties and geometry of the barrier is investigated by means of an extensive parametric analysis. Finally, recommendations for the design of barrier systems are made.

Journal article

Koronides M, Kontoe S, Zdravkovic L, Vratsikidis A, Pitilakis D, Anastasiadis A, Potts Det al., 2022, Numerical simulation of real-scale vibration experiments of a steel frame structure on a shallow foundation, 4rth International Conference on Performance-based Design in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering

Conference paper

Sailer E, Taborda D, Zdravkovic L, Potts DMet al., 2022, A novel method for designing thermo-active retaining walls using two dimensional analyses, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Geotechnical Engineering, Vol: 175, Pages: 289-310, ISSN: 1353-2618

Thermo-active retaining walls are geotechnical structures employed as heat exchangers to provide low carbon dioxide heating and cooling to buildings. To assess the thermo-mechanical response of such structures, finite-element (FE) analyses are typically carried out. Due to the presence of heat exchanger pipes, the temperature distribution along the width of the wall is not uniform, implying that these problems are three-dimensional (3D) in nature. However, performing 3D FE analyses including elements to model the heat exchanger pipes to simulate the advective conductive heat transfer as well as thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling to reproduce the non-isothermal soil response accurately requires considerable computational effort. In this work, a novel approach to simulate thermo-active walls in 2D analyses was developed, which requires the sole use of thermal boundary conditions. This approach was found to reproduce average wall behaviour computed in 3D to a high degree of accuracy for numerous wall geometries, a wide range of thermal properties of soil and concrete, and different thermal boundary conditions along the exposed face of the wall. In addition, out-of-plane effects recorded in 3D analyses were assessed and an accurate simplified procedure to account for these when performing 2D analyses was developed.

Journal article

Kontoe S, Summersgill F, Potts D, Lee Yet al., 2022, On the effectiveness of slope stabilising piles for soils with distinct strain-softening behaviour, Geotechnique, Vol: 72, Pages: 309-321, ISSN: 1021-8637

The stabilisation of slopes with rows of discrete vertical piles is a commonly adopted method for both cuttings as well as embankment slopes. The majority of existing design procedures consider the pile only as an additional force or moment acting on the critical slip surface of the un-stabilised slope. Based on simplified models, existing design methodologies effectively ignore any interaction of the pile with the evolution of the failure mechanism, while they do not consider important aspects of soil behaviour for slope stability relating to strain softening response. This paper presents a numerical investigation that challenges the above-mentioned simplifications, demonstrating the importance of the soil-pile interaction. Two dimensional plane-strain hydro-mechanically coupled finite element analyses were performed to simulate the excavation of a slope, considering materials with both a strain softening and non-softening response. The impact of pile position and time of pile construction on the stability of a cutting were parametrically examined, comparing and contrasting the findings for the different material types. The results suggest that an oversimplification during design regarding the soil/pile interaction could entirely miss the critical failure mechanism.

Journal article

Koronides M, Kontoe S, Zdravkovic L, Vratsikidis A, Pitilakis D, Potts D, Anastasiadis Aet al., 2022, 'Numerical simulations of field soil-structure interaction experiments on a shallow founded steel frame structure, 3rd international Conference on Natural Hazards & Infrastucture

Conference paper

Ruiz Lopez A, Tsiampousi A, Standing J, Potts Det al., 2022, Numerical investigation of a segmental grey cast iron tunnel ring: validation with laboratory data and application to field conditions, Computers and Geotechnics, Vol: 141, Pages: 1-19, ISSN: 0266-352X

The structural response of a segmental grey cast iron (GCI) tunnel lining ring under distortion was investigated by means of finite element (FE) analysis. Building on previous experimental investigations, a 3D numerical model, capable of reproducing accurately the behaviour observed in the laboratory, was developed with the aim of providing guidelines for the structural assessment of GCI linings in engineering practice. A comprehensive validation of the segmental ring model with the laboratory data was first completed. Subsequently, a parametric study was conducted using a set-up that replicated the widely adopted elastic continuum method, so that differences between the numerical and the analytical solution could be attributed to the presence of the longitudinal joints. In this manner, the influence of the joints on the ring response was quantitatively established and recommendations for routine engineering calculations developed. A set of bending stiffness reduction factors are proposed as a function of the tunnel ovalisation, providing upper and lower limits of the bending stiffness, as well as a global reduction factor which is an average measure of the bending stiffness reduction. These factors can be integrated into the calculation procedure of closed-form solutions in order to account for the segmental nature of GCI linings.

Journal article

Carter JP, Potts DM, Gens A, 2022, Scott William Sloan 1954-2019, HISTORICAL RECORDS OF AUSTRALIAN SCIENCE, Vol: 33, Pages: 64-71, ISSN: 0727-3061

Journal article

Cui W, Potts DM, Pedro AMG, Zdravkovic Let al., 2021, Numerical assessment of the effects of end-restraints and a pre-existing fissure on the interpretation of triaxial tests on stiff clays, Geotechnique: international journal of soil mechanics, Vol: 71, Pages: 765-780, ISSN: 0016-8505

Conventional laboratory triaxial tests apply axisymmetric boundary conditions to a cylindrical sample which has an axisymmetric geometry. For a homogeneous sample this implies that the deformed shape of the sample should maintain an axisymmetric geometry during the test. Consequently, the sample should deform in a barrelling mode and if slip planes develop they should define a cup and cone-like failure surface. However, in many triaxial tests such behaviour is not observed, especially as failure is approached when a planar slip surface develops. Such a deformation mode is not axisymmetric. One reason for this behaviour is that a fissure pre-exists in the sample. Employing hydro-mechanically coupled three-dimensional finite-element analyses, this paper investigates the influence of a single fissure in a triaxial sample of stiff clay on its behaviour throughout the test, focusing on the fissure position, orientation, strength and stiffness, in conjunction with the sample's end-restraints (rough or smooth). The effects are quantified in terms of the sample's overall stiffness and strength, indicating that the presence of a fissure can affect the very small strain stiffness, and that it has a significant effect on the strength of the sample, demonstrating that the conventional methods used to interpret laboratory tests may give unconservative results. The results also show a significant effect of the conditions at the top and bottom surfaces of the sample, where in particular the lateral restraint and rough ends introduce ‘bending’ in the sample.

Journal article

Zdravković L, Potts DM, Taborda DMG, 2021, Integrating laboratory and field testing into advanced geotechnical design, Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment, Vol: 27, Pages: 1-21, ISSN: 2352-3808

Contemporary geotechnical design often requires the use of advanced numerical analysis, if it is to take account of the complex nature of many geotechnical problems. One crucial aspect of such analyses is the realistic representation of the facets of soil behaviour that are dominant in any given problem, which in turn requires a careful selection of an appropriate constitutive model and derivation of model parameters from the available, and often disparate, experimental data. This paper uses the authors’ experience of advanced numerical analysis and constitutive modelling to emphasise the importance of close integration of the process involved with interpreting experimental data with the process of selecting and calibrating advanced constitutive models, in successfully predicting the response of geotechnical structures.

Journal article

Potts DM, Cui W, Zdravković L, 2021, A coupled THM finite element formulation for unsaturated soils and a strategy for its nonlinear solution, Computers and Geotechnics, Vol: 136, ISSN: 0266-352X

This paper presents a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) finite element (FE) formulation which is capable of accounting for the effects of temperature change on the behaviour of unsaturated soils. Both vapour flow and density variation are taken into account in the development of this formulation. The full derivation procedure is provided and the adopted assumptions are stated and explained. To improve the efficiency of the nonlinear solution process while maintaining the accuracy of the prediction, a novel approach for determining iterative corrections when modelling coupled transient problems with the Newton-Raphson algorithm is established and presented here. The performance of the proposed FE formulation and of the new strategy for iterative corrections in a nonlinear solver is subsequently demonstrated and verified by simulations of laboratory experiments on unsaturated compacted bentonite, showing good agreement between the numerical and experimental results.

Journal article

Gawecka K, Cui W, Taborda D, Potts D, Zdravkovic L, Loukas Aet al., 2021, Predictive modelling of thermo-active tunnels in London Clay, Geotechnique: international journal of soil mechanics, Vol: 71, Pages: 735-748, ISSN: 0016-8505

Thermo-active structures are underground facilities which enable the exchange of thermal energy between the ground and the overlying buildings, thus providing renewable means of space heating and cooling. Although this technology is becoming increasingly popular, the behaviour of geotechnical structures under additional thermal loading is still not fully understood. This paper focuses on the use of underground tunnels as thermo-active structures and explains their behaviour through a series of finite element analyses based on an existing case study of isothermal tunnels in London Clay. The bespoke finite element codeI CFEP is adopted which is capable of simulating the fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of porous materials. The complex coupled interactions between the tunnel and the surrounding soil are explored bycomparing results from selected types of coupledand uncoupled simulations. It is demonstratedthat: (1) the thermally-induceddeformation of the tunnel and the ground are more critical design aspects than the thermally-induced forces in the tunnel lining, and (2) the modelling approach in terms of the type of analysis, as well as the assumed permeability of the tunnel lining, have a significant effect on the computed tunnel response and,hence, must be chosen carefully

Journal article

Sailer E, Taborda DMG, Zdravkovic L, Potts DM, Cui Wet al., 2021, Thermo-hydro-mechanical interactions in porous media: implications on thermo-active retaining walls, Computers and Geotechnics, Vol: 135, Pages: 1-16, ISSN: 0266-352X

Thermo-active structures exchange heat with the ground to provide thermal energy to buildings. Consequently, the ground is subjected to changes in temperature, inducing thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) interactions within the soil. To provide insights into the origin and manifestations of the main mechanisms taking place in complex fully THM-coupled finite element (FE) analyses, simple, one-dimensional problems are firstly analysed in this paper and compared to analytical expressions developed for determining thermally-induced excess pore water pressures in undrained problems with different displacement restraints. Subsequently, various dimensionless parameters are established to evaluate the impact of varying ground properties on the observed THM interactions and their evolution with time. Finally, the findings from simple one-dimensional problems are verified in the context of THM modelling of thermo-active retaining walls, where the structural response of walls is shown to be highly transient and influenced by different phenomena prevailing over different periods involving thermal expansion of soils, volumetric deformations due to pore water generation and dissipation, and interactions with mechanical boundary conditions. The results also highlight the importance of performing fully coupled THM analyses and of a correct estimation of the hydraulic and thermal properties to guarantee a safe design of thermo-active structures.

Journal article

Petalas A, Tsiampousi A, Zdravkovic L, Potts Det al., 2021, Numerical investigation of the performance of engineered barriers in reducing flood risk, 3rd Pan-American Conference on Unsaturated Soils

Conference paper

Wan MSP, Standing JR, Potts DM, Burland JB, Parker S, Thomas Iet al., 2021, Discussion of pore water pressure and total horizontal stress response to EPBM tunnelling in London Clay, Geotechnique: international journal of soil mechanics, Vol: 71, Pages: 368-372, ISSN: 0016-8505

Journal article

Zdravkovic L, Cui W, Gawecka K, Liu RYW, Potts DM, Sailer E, Taborda Det al., 2021, Numerical Modelling of Thermo-Active Piles, PIling 2020

Conference paper

Wan MSP, Standing JR, Potts DM, Burland JBet al., 2021, Measured post-construction ground response to EPBM tunnelling in London Clay, 10th International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground (IS-Cambridge), Publisher: ROUTLEDGE, Pages: 191-198

Conference paper

Lopez AR, Tsiampousi A, Taborda DMG, Standing JR, Potts DMet al., 2021, Numerical investigation into time-dependent effects on short-term tunnelling-induced ground response in London Clay, 10th International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground (IS-Cambridge), Publisher: ROUTLEDGE, Pages: 597-604

Conference paper

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