DR. DANIEL MUNBLIT

Munblit D, Greenhawt M, Brough HAA, Pushkareva A, Karimova D, Demidova A, Warner JOO, Kalayci O, Sediva A, Untersmayr E, del Rio PR, Vazquez-Ortiz M, Arasi S, Alvaro-Lozano M, Tsabouri S, Galli E, Beken B, Eigenmann PAAet al., 2022, Allergic diseases and immunodeficiencies in children, lessons learnt from COVID-19 pandemic by 2022: A statement from the EAACI-section on pediatrics, PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 33, ISSN: 0905-6157

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Reyes LF, Murthy S, Garcia-Gallo E, Merson L, Ibanez-Prada ED, Rello J, Fuentes Y, Martin-Loeches I, Bozza F, Duque S, Taccone FS, Fowler RA, Kartsonaki C, Goncalves BP, Citarella BW, Aryal D, Burhan E, Cummings MJ, Delmas C, Diaz R, Figueiredo-Mello C, Hashmi M, Panda PK, Jimenez MP, Rincon DFB, Thomson D, Nichol A, Marshall JC, Olliaro PLet al., 2022, Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study, Critical Care (UK), Vol: 26, Pages: 1-16, ISSN: 1364-8535

BackgroundUp to 30% of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 require advanced respiratory support, including high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNC), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for failing non-invasive respiratory support in patients treated with severe COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic in high-income countries (HICs) and low middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsThis is a multinational, multicentre, prospective cohort study embedded in the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Clinical Characterisation Protocol. Patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who required hospital admission were recruited prospectively. Patients treated with HFNC, NIV, or IMV within the first 24 h of hospital admission were included in this study. Descriptive statistics, random forest, and logistic regression analyses were used to describe clinical characteristics and compare clinical outcomes among patients treated with the different types of advanced respiratory support.ResultsA total of 66,565 patients were included in this study. Overall, 82.6% of patients were treated in HIC, and 40.6% were admitted to the hospital during the first pandemic wave. During the first 24 h after hospital admission, patients in HICs were more frequently treated with HFNC (48.0%), followed by NIV (38.6%) and IMV (13.4%). In contrast, patients admitted in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were less frequently treated with HFNC (16.1%) and the majority received IMV (59.1%). The failure rate of non-invasive respiratory support (i.e. HFNC or NIV) was 15.5%, of which 71.2% were from HIC and 28.8% from LMIC. The variables most strongly associated with non-invasive ventilation failure, defined as progression to IMV, were high leukocyte counts at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 5.86 [4.83–7.10]), treatment in an LMIC (OR [95%CI]; 2.04 [1.97–2.11]), and tac

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Leung ASY, Tham EH, Samuel M, Munblit D, Chu DK, Dahdah L, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Trikamjee T, Warad V, van Niekerk A, Martinez S, Ellis A, Bielory L, Cuadros G, van Bever H, Wallace D, Tang M, Sublett J, Wong GWKet al., 2022, Quality and consistency of clinical practice guidelines on the prevention of food allergy and atopic dermatitis: Systematic review protocol, WORLD ALLERGY ORGANIZATION JOURNAL, Vol: 15, ISSN: 1939-4551

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Boyle RJ, Munblit D, Shamji MH, 2022, Patient-oriented allergy, CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Vol: 52, Pages: 1012-1014, ISSN: 0954-7894

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Michelen M, Sigfrid L, Kartsonaki C, Shemilt I, Hastie C, OHara ME, Suett JC, Stelson EA, Bugaeva P, Dahmash DT, Rigby I, Munblit D, Harriss E, Burls A, Cheng V, Scott JT, Carson G, Olliaro P, Stavropoulou Cet al., 2022, Characterising Long Covid: a living systematic review update with controlled studies

<jats:title>Statement</jats:title><jats:p>The authors have withdrawn their manuscript owing to a reporting error that we have identified in the conduct of this updated systematic review. On 7<jats:sup>th</jats:sup>March 2022 we made changes to the original protocol published in F1000, to highlight the need to keep up with the evolving landscape of Covid-19 and Covid-19 research and focus on comparative, controlled studies. The revisions included also changes in data extraction and analysis that would be needed to do so. These changes were done in consultation with members of the Long COVID Support Group. However, we omitted to publicize these changes in an accessible, modified version of our protocol, and/or by updating our preregistered PROSPERO record (CRD42020211131) and F1000 publication, prior to commencing and completing these stages of the process. In this manuscript, which reports the revised analyses, we have consequently also omitted to explicitly describe these changes as important deviations from the published protocol. Additionally, following rapid, sustained, and continuous growth in the conduct and reporting of eligible primary studies, it has become clear that, with or without the changes described above, we do not have sufficient capacity or resources to transition our baseline systematic review to being regularly updated using a living systematic review approach. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.</jats:p>

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Khanh BT, Lang JJ, Compton K, Xu R, Acheson AR, Henrikson HJ, Kocarnik JM, Penberthy L, Aali A, Abbas Q, Abbasi B, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbasi-Kangevari Z, Abbastabar H, Abdelmasseh M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdelwahab AA, Abdoli G, Abdulkadir HA, Abedi A, Abegaz KH, Abidi H, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Absalan A, Abtew YD, Ali HA, Abu-Gharbieh E, Achappa B, Acuna JM, Addison D, Addo IY, Adegboye OA, Adesina MA, Adnan M, Adnani QES, Advani SM, Afrin S, Afzal MS, Aggarwal M, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad AR, Ahmad R, Ahmad S, Ahmadi S, Ahmed H, Ahmed LA, Ahmed MB, Rashid TA, Aiman W, Ajami M, Akalu GT, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi M, Aklilu A, Akonde M, Akunna CJ, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Alessy SA, Algammal AM, Al-Hanawi MK, Alhassan RK, Ali BA, Ali L, Ali SS, Alimohamadi Y, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Alkhayyat M, Al-Maweri SAA, Almustanyir S, Alonso N, Alqalyoobi S, Al-Raddadi RM, Al-Rifai RHH, Al-Sabah SK, Al-Tammemi AB, Altawalah H, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare F, Ameyaw EK, Dehkordi JJA, Amirzade-Iranaq MH, Amu H, Amusa GA, Ancuceanu R, Anderson JA, Animut YA, Anoushiravani A, Anoushirvani AA, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Ansha MG, Antony B, Antwi MH, Anwar SL, Anwer R, Anyasodor AE, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aremu O, Argaw AM, Ariffin H, Aripov T, Arshad M, Al A, Arulappan J, Aruleba RT, Aryannejad A, Asaad M, Asemahagn MA, Asemi Z, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Ashraf T, Assadi R, Athar M, Athari SS, Null MMWA, Attia S, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Awedew AF, Awoke MA, Awoke T, Quintanilla BPA, Ayana TM, Ayen SS, Azadi D, Null SA, Azami-Aghdash S, Azanaw MM, Azangou-Khyavy M, Jafari AA, Azizi H, Azzam AYY, Babajani A, Badar M, Badiye AD, Baghcheghi N, Bagheri N, Bagherieh S, Bahadory S, Baig AA, Baker JL, Bakhtiari A, Bakshi RK, Banach M, Banerjee I, Bardhan M, Barone-Adesi F, Barra F, Barrow A, Bashir NZ, Bashiri A, Basu S, Batiha A-MM, Begum A, Bekele AB, Belay AS, Belete MA, Belgaumi UI, Bell AW, Belo L, Benzian H, Berhie AY, Bermudez ANC, Bernabe E, Bhagavathula AS, Bhala N, Bhandariet al., 2022, The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, The Lancet, Vol: 400, Pages: 563-591, ISSN: 0140-6736

BackgroundUnderstanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally.MethodsThe GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented.FindingsGlobally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01–4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0–116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3–48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1–45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60–3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8–54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36–1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5–41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk fac

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Allen H, Pendower U, Santer M, Groetch M, Cohen M, Murch S, Williams H, Munblit D, Katz Y, Gupta N, Adil S, Baines J, de Bont EGPM, Ridd M, Sibson V, McFadden A, Koplin J, Munene J, Perkin M, Sicherer S, Boyle Ret al., 2022, An international Delphi consensus study on the detection and management of milk allergy, Publisher: WILEY, Pages: 1043-1044, ISSN: 0954-7894

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Garcia-Gallo E, Merson L, Kennon K, Kelly S, Citarella BW, Fryer DV, Shrapnel S, Lee J, Duque S, Fuentes YV, Balan V, Smith S, Wei J, Goncalves BP, Russell CD, Sigfrid L, Dagens A, Olliaro PL, Baruch J, Kartsonaki C, Dunning J, Rojek A, Rashan A, Beane A, Murthy S, Reyes LFet al., 2022, ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset: a prospective, standardized, global dataset of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, Scientific Data, Vol: 9, Pages: 1-22, ISSN: 2052-4463

The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 dataset is one of the largest international databases of prospectively collected clinical data on people hospitalized with COVID-19. This dataset was compiled during the COVID-19 pandemic by a network of hospitals that collect data using the ISARIC-World Health Organization Clinical Characterization Protocol and data tools. The database includes data from more than 705,000 patients, collected in more than 60 countries and 1,500 centres worldwide. Patient data are available from acute hospital admissions with COVID-19 and outpatient follow-ups. The data include signs and symptoms, pre-existing comorbidities, vital signs, chronic and acute treatments, complications, dates of hospitalization and discharge, mortality, viral strains, vaccination status, and other data. Here, we present the dataset characteristics, explain its architecture and how to gain access, and provide tools to facilitate its use.

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Munblit D, Warner J, 2022, Prevalence and risk factors of post-COVID-19 condition in adults and children at 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge: a prospective, cohort study in Moscow (Stop COVID), BMC Medicine, Vol: 20, ISSN: 1741-7015

Background Previous studies assessing the prevalence of COVID-19 sequelae in adults and children were performed in the absence of an agreed definition. We investigated prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) (WHO definition), at 6- and 12-months follow-up, among previously hospitalised adults and children and assessed risk factors.MethodsProspective cohort study of children and adults with confirmed COVID-19 in Moscow, hospitalised between April and August, 2020. Two follow-up telephone interviews, using the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium survey, were performed at 6 and 12 months after discharge.Results1013 of 2509 (40%) of adults and 360 of 849 (42%) of children discharged participated in both the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. PCC prevalence was 50% (95%CI 47 – 53) in adults and 20% (95%CI 16 - 24) in children at 6 months, with decline to 34% (95%CI 31 - 37) and 11% (95%CI 8 - 14), respectively, at 12 months. In adults, female sex was associated with PCC at 6- and 12-month follow-up (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.57 to 2.65) and (OR 2.04, 1.54 to 2.69), respectively. Pre-existing hypertension (OR 1.42, 1.04 to 1.94) was associated with post-COVID-19 condition at 12 months. In children, neurological comorbidities were associated with PCC both at 6 months (OR 4.38, 1.36 to 15.67) and 12 months (OR 8.96, 2.55 to 34.82) while allergic respiratory diseases were associated at 12 months (OR 2.66, 1.04 to 6.47).ConclusionsAlthough prevalence of PCC declined one year after discharge, one in three adults and one in ten children experienced ongoing sequelae. In adults, females and persons with pre-existing hypertension, and in children, persons with neurological comorbidities or allergic respiratory diseases are at higher risk of PCC.

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Munblit D, O'Hara ME, Akrami A, Perego E, Olliaro P, Needham DMet al., 2022, Long COVID: aiming for a consensus Comment, LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE, Vol: 10, Pages: 632-634, ISSN: 2213-2600

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Allen HI, Pendower U, Santer M, Groetch M, Cohen M, Murch SH, Williams HC, Munblit D, Katz Y, Gupta N, Adil S, Baines J, Bont EGPMD, Ridd M, Sibson VL, McFadden A, Koplin JJ, Munene J, Perkin MR, Sicherer SH, Boyle RJet al., 2022, Detection and management of milk allergy: Delphi consensus study, Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy, Vol: 52, Pages: 848-858, ISSN: 0954-7894

BackgroundThere is significant overdiagnosis of milk allergy in young children in some countries, leading to unnecessary use of specialised formula. This guidance, developed by experts without commercial ties to the formula industry, aims to reduce milk allergy overdiagnosis and support carers of children with suspected milk allergy.MethodsDelphi study involving two rounds of anonymous consensus building and an open meeting between January and July 2021. Seventeen experts in general practice, nutrition, midwifery, health visiting, lactation support and relevant areas of paediatrics participated, located in Europe, North America, Middle East, Africa, Australia, and Asia. Five authors of previous milk allergy guidelines and seven parents provided feedback.FindingsParticipants agreed on 38 essential recommendations through consensus. Recommendations highlighted the importance of reproducibility and specificity for diagnosing milk allergy in children with acute or delayed symptoms temporally related to milk protein ingestion; and distinguished between children directly consuming milk protein and exclusively breastfed infants. Consensus was reached that maternal dietary restriction is not usually necessary to manage milk allergy, and that for exclusively breastfed infants with chronic symptoms, milk allergy diagnosis should only be considered in specific, rare circumstances. Consensus was reached that milk allergy diagnosis does not need to be considered for stool changes, aversive feeding, or occasional spots of blood in stool, if there is no temporal relationship with milk protein ingestion. When compared with previous guidelines, these consensus recommendations resulted in more restrictive criteria for detecting milk allergy and a more limited role for maternal dietary exclusions and specialised formula.InterpretationThese new milk allergy recommendations from non-conflicted, multidisciplinary experts advise narrower criteria, more prominent support for breastfeeding

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Munblit D, Buonsenso D, Sigfrid L, Vijverberg SJH, Brackel CLHet al., 2022, Post-COVID-19 condition in children: a COS is urgently needed Comment, LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE, Vol: 10, Pages: 628-629, ISSN: 2213-2600

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Munblit D, Nicholson T, Akrami A, Apfelbacher C, Chen J, De Groote W, Diaz J, Gorst SL, Harman N, Kokorina A, Olliaro P, Parr C, Preller J, Schiess N, Schmitt J, Seylanova N, Simpson F, Tong A, Needham DM, Williamson PRet al., 2022, A core outcome set for post-COVID-19 condition in adults for use in clinical practice and research: an international Delphi consensus study, LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE, Vol: 10, Pages: 715-724, ISSN: 2213-2600

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Armocida B, Monasta L, Sawyer S, Bustreo F, Segafredo G, Castelpietra G, Ronfani L, Pasovic M, Hay S, Perel P, Beran D, Armocida B, Monasta L, Sawyer SM, Bustreo F, Segafredo G, Castelpietra G, Ronfani L, Pasovic M, Hay SI, Abila DB, Abolhassani H, Accrombessi MMK, Adekanmbi V, Ahmadi K, Al Hamad H, Aldeyab MA, Al-Jumaily A, Ancuceanu R, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Arumugam A, Attia S, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Baker JL, Barone-Adesi F, Barra F, Barteit S, Basu S, Baune BT, Béjot Y, Belo L, Bennett DA, Bikbov B, Bikov A, Blyuss O, Breitner S, Brenner H, Carreras G, Carvalho M, Catapano AL, Chandan JS, Charalampous P, Chen S, Conde J, Cruz-Martins N, Damiani G, Dastiridou A, de la Torre-Luque A, Dianatinasab M, Dias da Silva D, Douiri A, Dragioti E, Engelbert Bain L, Fagbamigbe AF, Fereshtehnejad S-M, Ferrara P, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Ferrero S, Ferro Desideri L, Fischer F, Fonseca DA, Gaewkhiew P, Gaihre S, Gallus S, Gaspar Fonseca M, Gill PS, Glasbey JC, Gorini G, Gupta VK, Gurara MK, Haro JM, Hasan MT, Havmoeller RJ, Heibati B, Hellemons ME, Herteliu C, Hussain S, Isola G, Johnson O, Jonas JB, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Karch A, Kauppila JH, Kayode GA, Khan MAB, Khatab K, Kivimäki M, Klugar M, Klugarová J, Koly KN, Koyanagi A, Kurmi OP, Kusuma D, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lallukka T, Lamnisos D, Langguth B, Larsson AO, Lauriola P, Lee PH, Leonardi M, Li A, Linehan C, López-Bueno R, Lorkowski S, Loureiro JA, Lunevicius R, Magee LA, Magnani FG, Majeed A, Makris KC, Mathioudakis AG, Mathur MR, McGrath JJ, Menezes RG, Mentis A-FA, Meretoja A, Mestrovic T, Miao Jonasson J, Miazgowski T, Mirica A, Moccia M, Mohammed S, Molokhia M, Mondello S, Mueller UO, Mulita F, Munblit D, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Nena E, Noor NM, Nowak C, Ntaios G, Nwatah VE, Oancea B, Oguntade AS, Ortiz A, Otoiu A, Padron-Monedero A, Palladino R, Pana A, Panagiotakos D, Panda-Jonas S, Pardhan S, Patel J, Pedersini P, Peñalvo JL, Pensato U, Pereira RB, Perico N, Petcu I-R, Polinder S, Postma MJ, Rabiee M, Rabieet al., 2022, Burden of non-communicable diseases among adolescents aged 10–24 years in the EU, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019, The Lancet Child &amp; Adolescent Health, Vol: 6, Pages: 367-383, ISSN: 2352-4642

BackgroundDisability and mortality burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have risen worldwide; however, the NCD burden among adolescents remains poorly described in the EU.MethodsEstimates were retrieved from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Causes of NCDs were analysed at three different levels of the GBD 2019 hierarchy, for which mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were extracted. Estimates, with the 95% uncertainty intervals (UI), were retrieved for EU Member States from 1990 to 2019, three age subgroups (10–14 years, 15–19 years, and 20–24 years), and by sex. Spearman's correlation was conducted between DALY rates for NCDs and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) of each EU Member State.FindingsIn 2019, NCDs accounted for 86·4% (95% uncertainty interval 83·5–88·8) of all YLDs and 38·8% (37·4–39·8) of total deaths in adolescents aged 10–24 years. For NCDs in this age group, neoplasms were the leading causes of both mortality (4·01 [95% uncertainty interval 3·62–4·25] per 100 000 population) and YLLs (281·78 [254·25–298·92] per 100 000 population), whereas mental disorders were the leading cause for YLDs (2039·36 [1432·56–2773·47] per 100 000 population) and DALYs (2040·59 [1433·96–2774·62] per 100 000 population) in all EU Member States, and in all studied age groups. In 2019, among adolescents aged 10–24 years, males had a higher mortality rate per 100 000 population due to NCDs than females (11·66 [11·04–12·28] vs 7·89 [7·53–8·23]), whereas females presented a higher DALY rate per 100 000 population due to NCDs (8003·25 [5812·78–10&thi

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Hanson SW, Abbafati C, Aerts JG, Al-Aly Z, Ashbaugh C, Ballouz T, Blyuss O, Bobkova P, Bonsel G, Borzakova S, Buonsenso D, Butnaru D, Carter A, Chu H, De Rose C, Diab MM, Ekbom E, El Tantawi M, Fomin V, Frithiof R, Gamirova A, Glybochko PV, Haagsma JA, Javanmard SH, Hamilton EB, Harris G, Heijenbrok-Kal MH, Helbok R, Hellemons ME, Hillus D, Huijts SM, Hultström M, Jassat W, Kurth F, Larsson I-M, Lipcsey M, Liu C, Loflin CD, Malinovschi A, Mao W, Mazankova L, McCulloch D, Menges D, Mohammadifard N, Munblit D, Nekliudov NA, Ogbuoji O, Osmanov IM, Peñalvo JL, Petersen MS, Puhan MA, Rahman M, Rass V, Reinig N, Ribbers GM, Ricchiuto A, Rubertsson S, Samitova E, Sarrafzadegan N, Shikhaleva A, Simpson KE, Sinatti D, Soriano JB, Spiridonova E, Steinbeis F, Svistunov AA, Valentini P, van de Water BJ, van den Berg-Emons R, Wallin E, Witzenrath M, Wu Y, Xu H, Zoller T, Adolph C, Albright J, Amlag JO, Aravkin AY, Bang-Jensen BL, Bisignano C, Castellano R, Castro E, Chakrabarti S, Collins JK, Dai X, Daoud F, Dapper C, Deen A, Duncan BB, Erickson M, Ewald SB, Ferrari AJ, Flaxman AD, Fullman N, Gamkrelidze A, Giles JR, Guo G, Hay SI, He J, Helak M, Hulland EN, Kereselidze M, Krohn KJ, Lazzar-Atwood A, Lindstrom A, Lozano R, Magistro B, Malta DC, Månsson J, Herrera AMM, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Nomura S, Pasovic M, Pigott DM, Reiner RC, Reinke G, Ribeiro ALP, Santomauro DF, Sholokhov A, Spurlock EE, Walcott R, Walker A, Wiysonge CS, Zheng P, Bettger JP, Murray CJ, Vos Tet al., 2022, A global systematic analysis of the occurrence, severity, and recovery pattern of long COVID in 2020 and 2021., medRxiv

IMPORTANCE: While much of the attention on the COVID-19 pandemic was directed at the daily counts of cases and those with serious disease overwhelming health services, increasingly, reports have appeared of people who experience debilitating symptoms after the initial infection. This is popularly known as long COVID. OBJECTIVE: To estimate by country and territory of the number of patients affected by long COVID in 2020 and 2021, the severity of their symptoms and expected pattern of recovery. DESIGN: We jointly analyzed ten ongoing cohort studies in ten countries for the occurrence of three major symptom clusters of long COVID among representative COVID cases. The defining symptoms of the three clusters (fatigue, cognitive problems, and shortness of breath) are explicitly mentioned in the WHO clinical case definition. For incidence of long COVID, we adopted the minimum duration after infection of three months from the WHO case definition. We pooled data from the contributing studies, two large medical record databases in the United States, and findings from 44 published studies using a Bayesian meta-regression tool. We separately estimated occurrence and pattern of recovery in patients with milder acute infections and those hospitalized. We estimated the incidence and prevalence of long COVID globally and by country in 2020 and 2021 as well as the severity-weighted prevalence using disability weights from the Global Burden of Disease study. RESULTS: Analyses are based on detailed information for 1906 community infections and 10526 hospitalized patients from the ten collaborating cohorts, three of which included children. We added published data on 37262 community infections and 9540 hospitalized patients as well as ICD-coded medical record data concerning 1.3 million infections. Globally, in 2020 and 2021, 144.7 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 54.8-312.9) people suffered from any of the three symptom clusters of long COVID. This corresponds to 3.69% (1.38-7.

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Brackel C, Noij L, Legghe CL, Vijverberg S, Hashimoto S, Maitland-van der Zee A, Munblit D, Stephenson T, Buonsenso D, Ryd-Rinder M, Miller DW, Edwards AM, Mcvoy M, Terheggen SWJet al., 2022, Uniting Global Efforts on Pediatric Long-COVID: Results of the &lt;bold&gt;I</bold>nternational&lt;bold&gt;P</bold>ost&lt;bold&gt;C</bold>OVID&lt;bold&gt;C</bold>onditionin&lt;bold&gt;C</bold>hildren&lt;bold&gt;<bold>C&lt;/bold&gt;</bold>ollaboration (IP4C), International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society, Publisher: AMER THORACIC SOC, ISSN: 1073-449X

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Buonsenso D, Pujol FE, Munblit D, Pata D, McFarland S, Simpson FKet al., 2022, Clinical characteristics, activity levels and mental health problems in children with long coronavirus disease: a survey of 510 children, FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 17, Pages: 577-588, ISSN: 1746-0913

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• Citations: 30

Buonsenso D, Di Gennaro L, De Rose C, Morello R, D'Ilario F, Zampino G, Piazza M, Boner AL, Iraci C, O'Connell S, Cohen VB, Esposito S, Munblit D, Reena J, Sigfrid L, Valentini Pet al., 2022, Long-term outcomes of pediatric infections: from traditional infectious diseases to long covid, FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY, Vol: 17, Pages: 551-571, ISSN: 1746-0913

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• Citations: 37

Gamirova A, Berbenyuk A, Levina D, Peshko D, Simpson MR, Azad MB, Jaervinen KM, Brough HA, Genuneit J, Greenhawt M, Verhasselt V, Peroni DG, Perkin MR, Warner JO, Palmer DJ, Boyle RJ, Munblit Det al., 2022, Food Proteins in Human Breast Milk and Probability of IgE-Mediated Allergic Reaction in Children During Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review, JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE, Vol: 10, Pages: 1312-+, ISSN: 2213-2198

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• Citations: 9

Buonsenso D, Munblit D, Pazukhina E, Ricchiuto A, Sinatti D, Zona M, De Matteis A, D'Ilario F, Gentili C, Lanni R, Rongai T, del Balzo P, Fonte MT, Valente M, Zampino G, De Rose C, Sigfrid L, Valentini Pet al., 2022, Post-COVID Condition in Adults and Children Living in the Same Household in Italy: A Prospective Cohort Study Using the ISARIC Global Follow-Up Protocol, FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS, Vol: 10, ISSN: 2296-2360

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• Citations: 26

Childs CE, Munblit D, Ulfman L, Gomez-Gallego C, Lehtoranta L, Recker T, Salminen S, Tiemessen M, Collado MCet al., 2022, Potential Biomarkers, Risk Factors, and Their Associations with IgE-Mediated Food Allergy in Early Life: A Narrative Review, ADVANCES IN NUTRITION, Vol: 13, Pages: 633-651, ISSN: 2161-8313

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• Citations: 5

Munblit D, Simpson F, Mabbitt J, Dunn-Galvin A, Semple C, Warner JOet al., 2022, Legacy of COVID-19 infection in children: long-COVID will have a lifelong health/economic impact, ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD, Vol: 107, ISSN: 0003-9888

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• Citations: 3

Munblit D, Parr C, Chen J, Warner Jet al., 2022, Studying the Post-COVID-19 condition: research challenges, strategies and importance of Core Outcome Set development, BMC Medicine, Vol: 20, Pages: 1-13, ISSN: 1741-7015

Background A substantial portion of people with COVID-19 subsequently experience lasting symptoms including fatigue, shortness of breath and neurological complaints such as cognitive dysfunction many months after acute infection. Emerging evidence suggests that this condition, commonly referred to as Long COVID but also known as Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) or post-COVID-19 condition, could become a significant global health burden. Main textWhile the number of studies investigating the post-COVID-19 condition is increasing, there is no agreement on how this new disease should be defined and diagnosed in clinical practice and what relevant outcomes to measure. There is an urgent need to optimise and standardise outcome measures for this important patient group both for clinical services and for research and to allow comparing and pooling of data. ConclusionsA Core Outcome Set for post-COVID-19 condition should be developed in the shortest time frame possible, for improvement in data quality, harmonisation, and comparability between different geographical locations. We call for a global initiative, involving all relevant partners, including, but not limited to, healthcare professionals, researchers, methodologists, patients, and caregivers. We urge coordinated actions aiming to develop a Core Outcome Set (COS) for post-COVID-19 condition in both the adult and paediatric populations.

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Osmanov IM, Spiridonova E, Bobkova P, Gamirova A, Shikhaleva A, Andreeva M, Blyuss O, El-Taravi Y, DunnGalvin A, Comberiati P, Peroni DG, Apfelbacher C, Genuneit J, Mazankova L, Miroshina A, Chistyakova E, Samitova E, Borzakova S, Bondarenko E, Korsunskiy AA, Konova I, Hanson SW, Carson G, Sigfrid L, Scott JT, Greenhawt M, Whittaker EA, Garralda E, Swann O, Buonsenso D, Nicholls DE, Simpson F, Jones C, Semple MG, Warner JO, Vos T, Olliaro P, Munblit D, Sechenov StopCOVID Research Teamet al., 2022, Risk factors for long covid in previoulsy hospitalsied children using the ISARIC Global Follow-Up Protocol: a prospective cohort study, European Respiratory Journal, Vol: 59, ISSN: 0903-1936

Background The long-term sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in children remain poorly characterised. This study aimed to assess long-term outcomes in children previously hospitalised with Covid-19 and associated risk factors.Methods This is a prospective cohort study of children (≤18 years old) admitted with confirmed Covid-19. Children admitted to the hospital between April 2, 2020 and August 26, 2020, were included. Telephone interview using the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) Covid-19 Health and Wellbeing paediatric follow-up survey. Persistent symptoms (>5 months) were further categorised by system(s) involved.Findings 518 of 853 (61%) of eligible children were available for the follow-up assessment and included in the study. Median age was 10.4 years (IQR, 3–15.2) and 270 (52.1%) were girls; median follow-up since hospital discharge was 256 (223–271) days. At the time of the follow-up interview 126 (24.3%) participants reported persistent symptoms among which fatigue (53, 10.7%), sleep disturbance (36, 6.9%,) and sensory problems (29, 5.6%) were the most common. Multiple symptoms were experienced by 44 (8.4%) participants. Risk factors for persistent symptoms were: older age “6–11 years” (odds ratio 2.74 (95% confidence interval 1.37 to 5.75) and “12–18 years” (2.68, 1.41 to 5.4); and a history of allergic diseases (1.67, 1.04 to 2.67).Interpretation A quarter of children experienced persistent symptoms months after hospitalization with acute covid-19 infection, with almost one in ten experiencing multi-system involvement. Older age and allergic diseases were associated with higher risk of persistent symptoms at follow-up.

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Levina D, Leontjeva M, Abbasova N, Petrova Y, Bitieva R, Erdes SI, Aminova AI, Nurtazina A, Blyuss B, Pikuza M, Avdeenko NV, Gadetskaya S, Ivanova YV, Saglani S, Bush A, Munblit Det al., 2022, Changes in blood eosinophil levels in early childhood and asthma development: A case-control study, PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 33, ISSN: 0905-6157

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Warner JO, Warner JA, Munblit D, 2022, Hypotheses to explain the associations between asthma and the consequences of COVID-19 infection., Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Vol: 52, Pages: 7-9, ISSN: 0954-7894

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Genuneit J, Jayasinghe S, Riggioni C, Peters RL, Chu DK, Munblit D, Boyle RJ, Du Toit G, Skypala I, Santos AFet al., 2022, Protocol for a systematic review of the diagnostic test accuracy of tests for IgE-mediated food allergy, PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 33, ISSN: 0905-6157

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ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group, 2021, The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC., Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol: 21, Pages: 1623-1624, ISSN: 1473-3099

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Munblit D, Sigfrid L, Warner JO, 2021, Setting Priorities to Address Research Gaps in Long-term COVID-19 Outcomes in Children, JAMA PEDIATRICS, Vol: 175, Pages: 1095-1096, ISSN: 2168-6203

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• Citations: 13

Greenhawt M, Abrams EM, Shaker M, Chu DK, Kahn D, Akin C, Alqurashi W, Arkwright P, Baldwin JL, Ben-Shoshan M, Bernstein J, Bingeman T, Blumchen K, Byrne A, Bognanni A, Campbell D, Campbell R, Chagla Z, Chan ES, Chan J, Comberiatti P, Dribin TE, Ellis AK, Fleischer DM, Fox A, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Gagnon R, Grayson MH, Horner CC, Hourihane J, Katelaris CH, Kim H, Kelso JM, Lang D, Ledford D, Levin M, Lieberman J, Loh R, Mack D, Mazer B, Mosnaim G, Munblit D, Mustafa SS, Nanda A, Oppenheimer J, Perrett KP, Ramsey A, Rank M, Robertson K, Shiek J, Spergel JM, Stukus D, Tang ML, Tracy JM, Turner PJ, Whalen-Browne A, Wallace D, Wang J, Wasserman S, Witty JK, Worm M, Vander Leek TK, Golden DBet al., 2021, The risk of allergic reaction to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and recommended evaluation and management: a systematic review, meta-analysis, GRADE assessment, and international consensus approach, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Vol: 9, Pages: 3546-3567, ISSN: 2213-2198

Concerns for anaphylaxis may hamper SARS-CoV-2 immunization efforts. We convened a multi-disciplinary group of international experts in anaphylaxis comprised of allergy, infectious disease, emergency medicine, and front-line clinicians to systematically develop recommendations regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immediate allergic reactions. Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, the WHO global coronavirus database, and the grey literature (inception-March 19, 2021) were systematically searched. Paired reviewers independently selected studies addressing anaphylaxis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polysorbate allergy, and accuracy of allergy testing for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine allergy. Random effects models synthesized the data to inform recommendations based on the GRADE approach, agreed upon using a modified Delphi panel. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine anaphylaxis is 7.91 cases/million (n=41,000,000 vaccinations, 95%CI 4.02-15.59; 26 studies, moderate certainty), the prevalence of PEG allergy is 103 cases/million (95%CI 88-120; 2 studies, very low certainty), and the sensitivity for PEG skin testing is poor though specificity is high (15 studies, very low certainty). We recommend vaccination over either no vaccination or performing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine/excipient screening allergy testing for individuals without history of a severe allergic reaction to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine/excipient, and a shared decision-making paradigm in consultation with an allergy specialist for individuals with a history of a severe allergic reaction to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine/excipient. We recommend further research to clarify SARS-CoV-2 vaccine/vaccine excipient testing utility in individuals potentially allergic to SARS-CoV2 vaccines or their excipients.

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