Publications
288 results found
Ergina PL, Cook JA, Blazeby JM, et al., 2009, Challenges in evaluating surgical innovation., Lancet, Vol: 374, Pages: 1097-1104
Research on surgical interventions is associated with several methodological and practical challenges of which few, if any, apply only to surgery. However, surgical evaluation is especially demanding because many of these challenges coincide. In this report, the second of three on surgical innovation and evaluation, we discuss obstacles related to the study design of randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies assessing surgical interventions. We also describe the issues related to the nature of surgical procedures-for example, their complexity, surgeon-related factors, and the range of outcomes. Although difficult, surgical evaluation is achievable and necessary. Solutions tailored to surgical research and a framework for generating evidence on which to base surgical practice are essential.
Barkun JS, Aronson JK, Feldman LS, et al., 2009, Evaluation and stages of surgical innovations., Lancet, Vol: 374, Pages: 1089-1096
Surgical innovation is an important part of surgical practice. Its assessment is complex because of idiosyncrasies related to surgical practice, but necessary so that introduction and adoption of surgical innovations can derive from evidence-based principles rather than trial and error. A regulatory framework is also desirable to protect patients against the potential harms of any novel procedure. In this first of three Series papers on surgical innovation and evaluation, we propose a five-stage paradigm to describe the development of innovative surgical procedures.
Elliott P, Chambers JC, Zhang W, et al., 2009, Genetic Loci Associated With C-Reactive Protein Levels and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Vol: 302, Pages: 37-48, ISSN: 0098-7484
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- Citations: 485
MacCallum P, Mt-Isa S, Whyte K, et al., 2009, Air travel and risk of venous thromboembolism: a community-based study, XXII Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis
Ashby D, 2008, Establishing causality in the assessment of safety of medicines for children, ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Vol: 97, Pages: 1611-1616, ISSN: 0803-5253
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- Citations: 4
Carnes D, Ashby D, Parsons S, et al., 2008, Chronic forearm pain presents as a transient and indistinct pain site in a community setting: results from a UK population survey, FAMILY PRACTICE, Vol: 25, Pages: 197-201, ISSN: 0263-2136
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- Citations: 1
Underwood M, Ashby D, Carnes D, et al., 2008, Topical or oral ibuprofen for chronic knee pain in older people. The TOIB study, HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT, Vol: 12, Pages: III-+, ISSN: 1366-5278
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- Citations: 26
Eldridge S, Ashby D, Bennett C, et al., 2008, Internal and external validity of cluster randomised trials: systematic review of recent trials, BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 336, Pages: 876-880, ISSN: 1756-1833
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- Citations: 148
Ashby D, 2008, The evidence for the efficacy of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is convincing - Commentary, INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS, Vol: 20, Pages: 286-292, ISSN: 1041-6102
Hughes S, Keene O, Howitt N, et al., 2008, European regulatory agencies should employ full time statisticians, BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 336, Pages: 250-250, ISSN: 1756-1833
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- Citations: 8
Underwood M, Ashby D, Cross P, et al., 2008, Advice to use topical or oral ibuprofen for chronic knee pain in older people: randomised controlled trial and patient preference study, BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 336, Pages: 138-142, ISSN: 1756-1833
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- Citations: 74
Carnes D, Parsons S, Ashby D, et al., 2007, Chronic musculoskeletal pain rarely presents in a single body site: results from a UK population study, RHEUMATOLOGY, Vol: 46, Pages: 1168-1170, ISSN: 1462-0324
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- Citations: 175
MacCallum P, Madhani M, Mt-Isa S, et al., 2007, Lack of effect of influenza immunisation on anticoagulant control in patients on long-term warfarin, PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Vol: 16, Pages: 786-789, ISSN: 1053-8569
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- Citations: 14
Lamb SE, Gates S, Underwood MR, et al., 2007, Managing Injuries of the Neck Trial (MINT): design of a randomised controlled trial of treatments for whiplash associated disorders, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, Vol: 8, Pages: 1-7, ISSN: 1471-2474
BackgroundA substantial proportion of patients with whiplash injuries develop chronic symptoms. However, the best treatment of acute injuries to prevent long-term problems is uncertain. A stepped care treatment pathway has been proposed, in which patients are given advice and education at their initial visit to the emergency department (ED), followed by review at three weeks and physiotherapy for those with persisting symptoms. MINT is a two-stage randomised controlled trial to evaluate two components of such a pathway: 1. use of The Whiplash Book versus usual advice when patients first attend the emergency department; 2. referral to physiotherapy versus reinforcement of advice for patients with continuing symptoms at three weeks.MethodsEvaluation of the Whiplash Book versus usual advice uses a cluster randomised design in emergency departments of eight NHS Trusts. Eligible patients are identified by clinicians in participating emergency departments and are sent a study questionnaire within a week of their ED attendance. Three thousand participants will be included. Patients with persisting symptoms three weeks after their ED attendance are eligible to join an individually randomised study of physiotherapy versus reinforcement of the advice given in ED. Six hundred participants will be randomised. Follow-up is at 4, 8 and 12 months after their ED attendance. Primary outcome is the Neck Disability Index (NDI), and secondary outcomes include quality of life and time to return to work and normal activities. An economic evaluation is being carried out.ConclusionThis paper describes the protocol and operational aspects of a complex intervention trial based in NHS emergency and physiotherapy departments, evaluating two components of a stepped-care approach to the treatment of whiplash injuries. The trial uses two randomisations, with the first stage being cluster randomised and the second individually randomised.
Ashby D, 2006, Bayesian statistics in medicine: A 25 year review, STATISTICS IN MEDICINE, Vol: 25, Pages: 3589-3631, ISSN: 0277-6715
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- Citations: 148
Rudnicka AR, Mt-Isa S, Owen CG, et al., 2006, Variations in primary open-angle glaucoma prevalence by age, gender, and race: A Bayesian meta-analysis, INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, Vol: 47, Pages: 4254-4261, ISSN: 0146-0404
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- Citations: 318
Eldridge SM, Ashby D, Kerry S, 2006, Sample size for cluster randomized trials: effect of coefficient of variation of cluster size and analysis method, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, Vol: 35, Pages: 1292-1300, ISSN: 0300-5771
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- Citations: 351
Saperia J, Ashby D, Gunnell D, 2006, Suicidal behaviour and SSRIs: updated meta-analysis, BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 332, Pages: 1453-1453, ISSN: 0959-8146
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- Citations: 10
Carnes D, Ashby D, Underwood M, 2006, A systematic review of pain drawing literature - Should pain drawings be used for psychologic screening?, CLINICAL JOURNAL OF PAIN, Vol: 22, Pages: 449-457, ISSN: 0749-8047
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- Citations: 57
Gunnell D, Saperia J, Ashby D, 2006, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and suicide in adults: Meta-analysis of drug company data from placebo controlled, randomised controlled trials submitted to the MHRA's safety review, Journal of Urology, Vol: 175, Pages: 1433-1434, ISSN: 0022-5347
Coen PG, Tully J, Stuart JM, et al., 2006, Is it exposure to cigarette smoke or to smokers which increases the risk of meningococcal disease in teenagers?, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, Vol: 35, Pages: 330-336, ISSN: 0300-5771
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- Citations: 27
Poustie VJ, Russell JE, Watling RM, et al., 2006, Oral protein energy supplements for children with cystic fibrosis: CALICO multicentre randomised controlled trial, BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 332, Pages: 632-635, ISSN: 0959-535X
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- Citations: 58
Boaz A, Ashby D, Denyer D, et al., 2006, A multitude of syntheses: A comparison of five approaches from diverse policy fields, Evidence and Policy, Vol: 2, Pages: 479-502, ISSN: 1744-2648
This article addresses the synthesis and use of research evidence to inform policy and practice. Reviews of the evidence base in many fields have formed a crucial bridge between research, policy making and practice. Systematic review, in conjunction with meta-analysis, has become an established methodology for locating, selecting, appraising and quantitatively synthesising research evidence according to an explicit and reproducible methodology. However, the 'standard' systematic review template associated with the Cochrane Collaboration is often criticised for its perceived inability to cope with variation in study design, nature of evidence and study context. We present five approaches to research synthesis, conducted in different fields, using contrasting methodologies. A number of methodological, practical and strategic implications of conducting research syntheses are explored. The article aims to stimulate debate about what counts as good-quality synthesis, and to demonstrate the growing diversity in its practice. In so doing, the article offers researchers and commissioners a range of approaches to producing reviews of the evidence base. © The Policy Press 2006.
Cross PL, Ashby D, Harding G, et al., 2005, TOIB Study. Are topical or oral ibuprofen equally effective for the treatment of chronic knee pain presenting in primary care: a randomised controlled trial with patient preference study. [ISRCTN79353052], BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS, Vol: 6
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- Citations: 12
Fayers PM, Ashby D, Parmar MKB, 2005, Monitoring: Bayesian Data Monitoring in Clinical Trials, Tutorials in Biostatistics, Statistical Methods in Clinical Studies, Pages: 335-352, ISBN: 9780470023655
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- Citations: 1
Carlin B, Louis TA, Inoue LYT, et al., 2005, Where's the utility in Bayesian data-monitoring of clinical trials?: Comment, Clinical Trials, Vol: 2, Pages: 205-208, ISSN: 1740-7745
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- Citations: 2
Jones AP, Remmington T, Williamson PR, et al., 2005, High prevalence but low impact of data extraction and reporting errors were found in Cochrane systematic reviews, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Vol: 58, Pages: 741-742, ISSN: 0895-4356
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- Citations: 64
Healy D, 2005, Do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors cause suicide? Figures look doubtful., BMJ, Vol: 330
Gunnell D, Saperia J, Ashby D, 2005, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSR1s) and suicide in adults: meta-analysis of drug company data from placebo controlled, randomised controlled trials submitted to the MHRA's safety review, BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 330, Pages: 385-388A, ISSN: 0959-535X
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- Citations: 287
Martinez C, Rietbrock S, Wise L, et al., 2005, Antidepressant treatment and the risk of fatal and non-fatal self harm in first episode depression: nested case-control study, BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 330, Pages: 389-393, ISSN: 0959-535X
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- Citations: 179
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