Imperial College London

DrEmmaCavan

Faculty of Natural SciencesDepartment of Life Sciences (Silwood Park)

Advanced Research Fellow
 
 
 
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Contact

 

e.cavan

 
 
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Location

 

MunroSilwood Park

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Summary

 

Publications

Publication Type
Year
to

21 results found

Henson SA, Laufkotter C, Leung S, Giering SLC, Palevsky H, Cavan ELet al., 2022, Uncertain response of ocean biological carbon export in a changing world, NATURE GEOSCIENCE, Vol: 15, Pages: 248-254, ISSN: 1752-0894

Journal article

Ward D, Melbourne-Thomas J, Pecl GT, Evans K, Green M, McCormack PC, Novaglio C, Trebilco R, Bax N, Brasier MJ, Cavan EL, Edgar G, Hunt HL, Jansen J, Jones R, Lea M-A, Makomere R, Mull C, Semmens JM, Shaw J, Tinch D, van Steveninck TJ, Layton Cet al., 2022, Safeguarding marine life: conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems, REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES, Vol: 32, Pages: 65-100, ISSN: 0960-3166

Journal article

Halfter S, Cavan EL, Butterworth P, Swadling KM, Boyd PWet al., 2022, "Sinking dead"-How zooplankton carcasses contribute to particulate organic carbon flux in the subantarctic Southern Ocean, LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, Vol: 67, Pages: 13-25, ISSN: 0024-3590

Journal article

Folkard-Tapp H, Banks-Leite C, Cavan EL, 2021, Nature-based Solutions to tackle climate change and restore biodiversity, JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Vol: 58, Pages: 2344-2348, ISSN: 0021-8901

Journal article

Hill SL, Pinkerton MH, Ballerini T, Cavan EL, Gurney LJ, Martins I, Xavier JCet al., 2021, Robust model-based indicators of regional differences in food-web structure in the Southern Ocean, JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS, Vol: 220, ISSN: 0924-7963

Journal article

Cael BB, Cavan EL, Britten GL, 2021, Reconciling the Size-Dependence of Marine Particle Sinking Speed, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 48, ISSN: 0094-8276

Journal article

Cavan EL, Kawaguchi S, Boyd PW, 2021, Implications for the mesopelagic microbial gardening hypothesis as determined by experimental fragmentation of Antarctic krill fecal pellets, ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 11, Pages: 1023-1036, ISSN: 2045-7758

Journal article

Halfter S, Cavan EL, Swadling KM, Eriksen RS, Boyd PWet al., 2020, The Role of Zooplankton in Establishing Carbon Export Regimes in the Southern Ocean - A Comparison of Two Representative Case Studies in the Subantarctic Region, FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE, Vol: 7

Journal article

Brasier MJ, McCormack S, Bax N, Caccavo JA, Cavan E, Ericson JA, Figuerola B, Hancock A, Halfter S, Hellessey N, Hofer J, Puskic PS, de Oliveira CS, Subramaniam RC, Wallis J, Weldrick CKet al., 2020, Overcoming the Obstacles Faced by Early Career Researchers in Marine Science: Lessons From the Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean, FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE, Vol: 7

Journal article

Henley SF, Cavan EL, Fawcett SE, Kerr R, Monteiro T, Sherrell RM, Bowie AR, Boyd PW, Barnes DKA, Schloss IR, Marshall T, Flynn R, Smith Set al., 2020, Changing Biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean and Its Ecosystem Implications, FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE, Vol: 7

Journal article

Giering SLC, Cavan EL, Basedow SL, Briggs N, Burd AB, Darroch LJ, Guidi L, Irisson J-O, Iversen MH, Kiko R, Lindsay D, Marcolin CR, McDonnell AMP, Moeller KO, Passow U, Thomalla S, Trull TW, Waite AMet al., 2020, Sinking Organic Particles in the Ocean-Flux Estimates From <i>in situ</i> Optical Devices, FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE, Vol: 6

Journal article

Cavan EL, Belcher A, Atkinson A, Hill SL, Kawaguchi S, McCormack S, Meyer B, Nicol S, Ratnarajah L, Schmidt K, Steinberg DK, Tarling GA, Boyd PWet al., 2019, The importance of Antarctic krill in biogeochemical cycles (vol 10, 4742, 2019), NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 10, ISSN: 2041-1723

Journal article

Cavan EL, Belcher A, Atkinson A, Hill SL, Kawaguchi S, McCormack S, Meyer B, Nicol S, Ratnarajah L, Schmidt K, Steinberg DK, Tarling GA, Boyd PWet al., 2019, The importance of Antarctic krill in biogeochemical cycles, Nature Communications, Vol: 10, ISSN: 2041-1723

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are swarming, oceanic crustaceans, up to two inches long, and best known as prey for whales and penguins – but they have another important role. With their large size, high biomass and daily vertical migrations they transport and transform essential nutrients, stimulate primary productivity and influence the carbon sink. Antarctic krill are also fished by the Southern Ocean’s largest fishery. Yet how krill fishing impacts nutrient fertilisation and the carbon sink in the Southern Ocean is poorly understood. Our synthesis shows fishery management should consider the influential biogeochemical role of both adult and larval Antarctic krill.

Journal article

Cavan EL, Laurenceau-Cornec EC, Bressac M, Boyd PWet al., 2019, Exploring the ecology of the mesopelagic biological pump, PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY, Vol: 176, ISSN: 0079-6611

Journal article

Cavan EL, Henson SA, Boyd PW, 2019, The sensitivity of subsurface microbes to ocean warming accentuates future declines in particulate carbon export, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol: 6, ISSN: 2296-701X

Under future warming Earth System Models (ESMs) project a decrease in the magnitude of downward particulate organic carbon (POC) export, suggesting the potential for carbon storage in the deep ocean will be reduced. Projections of POC export can also be quantified using an alternative physiologically-based approach, the Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE). MTE employs an activation energy (Ea) describing organismal metabolic sensitivity to temperature change, but does not consider changes in ocean chemistry or physics. Many ESMs incorporate temperature dependent functions, where rates (e.g., respiration) scale with temperature. Temperature sensitivity describes how temperature dependence varies across metabolic rates or species. ESMs acknowledge temperature sensitivity between rates (e.g., between heterotrophic and autotropic processes), but due to a lack of empirical data cannot parameterize for variation within rates, such as differences within species or biogeochemical provinces. Here we investigate how varying temperature sensitivity affects heterotrophic microbial respiration and hence future POC export. Using satellite-derived data and ESM temperature projections we applied microbial MTE, with varying temperature sensitivity, to estimates of global POC export. In line with observations from polar regions and the deep ocean we imposed an elevated temperature sensitivity (Ea = 1.0 eV) to cooler regions; firstly to the Southern Ocean (south of 40°S) and secondly where temperature at 100 m depth <13°C. Elsewhere in both these scenarios Ea was set to 0.7 eV (moderate sensitivity/classic MTE). Imposing high temperature sensitivity in cool regions resulted in projected declines in export of 17 ± 1% (< 40°S) and 23 ± 1% (< 13°C) by 2100 relative to the present day. Hence varying microbial temperature sensitivity resulted in at least 2-fold greater declines in POC export than suggested by classic MTE derived in this study (12 &plusm

Journal article

Cavan EL, Boyd PW, 2018, Effect of anthropogenic warming on microbial respiration and particulate organic carbon export rates in the sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean, AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY, Vol: 82, Pages: 111-127, ISSN: 0948-3055

Journal article

Cavan EL, Giering SLC, Wolff GA, Trimmer M, Sanders Ret al., 2018, Alternative Particle Formation pathways in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific's Biological Carbon Pump, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES, Vol: 123, Pages: 2198-2211, ISSN: 2169-8953

Journal article

Baker CA, Henson SA, Cavan EL, Giering SLC, Yool A, Gehlen M, Belcher A, Riley JS, Smith HEK, Sanders Ret al., 2017, Slow-sinking particulate organic carbon in the Atlantic Ocean: Magnitude, flux, and potential controls, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, Vol: 31, Pages: 1051-1065, ISSN: 0886-6236

Journal article

Cavan EL, Trimmer M, Shelley F, Sanders Ret al., 2017, Remineralization of particulate organic carbon in an ocean oxygen minimum zone, Nature Communications, Vol: 8, Pages: 1-9, ISSN: 2041-1723

Biological oceanic processes, principally the surface production, sinking and interior remineralization of organic particles, keep atmospheric CO2 lower than if the ocean was abiotic. The remineralization length scale (RLS, the vertical distance over which organic particle flux declines by 63%, affected by particle respiration, fragmentation and sinking rates) controls the size of this effect and is anomalously high in oxygen minimum zones (OMZ). Here we show in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific OMZ 70% of POC remineralization is due to microbial respiration, indicating that the high RLS is the result of lower particle fragmentation by zooplankton, likely due to the almost complete absence of zooplankton particle interactions in OMZ waters. Hence, the sensitivity of zooplankton to ocean oxygen concentrations can have direct implications for atmospheric carbon sequestration. Future expansion of OMZs is likely to increase biological ocean carbon storage and act as a negative feedback on climate change.

Journal article

Cavan EL, Henson SA, Belcher A, Sanders Ret al., 2017, Role of zooplankton in determining the efficiency of the biological carbon pump, BIOGEOSCIENCES, Vol: 14, Pages: 177-186, ISSN: 1726-4170

Journal article

Cavan EL, Le Moigne FAC, Poulton AJ, Tarling GA, Ward P, Daniels CJ, Fragoso GM, Sanders RJet al., 2015, Attenuation of particulate organic carbon flux in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean, is controlled by zooplankton fecal pellets, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 42, Pages: 821-830, ISSN: 0094-8276

Journal article

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