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@article{Patil:2017:1538-4357/aa63e7,
author = {Patil, AH and Yatawatta, S and Koopmans, LVE and de, Bruyn AG and Brentjens, MA and Zaroubi, S and Asad, KMB and Hatef, M and Jeli, V and Mevius, M and Offringa, AR and Pandey, VN and Vedantham, H and Abdalla, FB and Brouw, WN and Chapman, E and Ciardi, B and Gehlot, BK and Ghosh, A and Harker, G and Iliev, IT and Kakiichi, K and Majumdar, S and Mellema, G and Silva, MB and Schaye, J and Vrbanec, D and Wijnholds, SJ},
doi = {1538-4357/aa63e7},
journal = {Astrophysical Journal},
title = {Upper limits on the 21 cm epoch of reionization power spectrum from one night with LOFAR},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa63e7},
volume = {838},
year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - We present the first limits on the Epoch of Reionization 21 cm H i power spectra, in the redshift range z = 7.9–10.6, using the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) High-Band Antenna (HBA). In total, 13.0 hr of data were used from observations centered on the North Celestial Pole. After subtraction of the sky model and the noise bias, we detect a non-zero ${{\rm{\Delta }}}_{{\rm{I}}}^{2}={(56\pm 13\mathrm{mK})}^{2}$ (1-σ) excess variance and a best 2-σ upper limit of ${{\rm{\Delta }}}_{21}^{2}\lt {(79.6\mathrm{mK})}^{2}$ at k = 0.053 h cMpc−1 in the range z = 9.6–10.6. The excess variance decreases when optimizing the smoothness of the direction- and frequency-dependent gain calibration, and with increasing the completeness of the sky model. It is likely caused by (i) residual side-lobe noise on calibration baselines, (ii) leverage due to nonlinear effects, (iii) noise and ionosphere-induced gain errors, or a combination thereof. Further analyses of the excess variance will be discussed in forthcoming publications.
AU  - Patil,AH
AU  - Yatawatta,S
AU  - Koopmans,LVE
AU  - de,Bruyn AG
AU  - Brentjens,MA
AU  - Zaroubi,S
AU  - Asad,KMB
AU  - Hatef,M
AU  - Jeli,V
AU  - Mevius,M
AU  - Offringa,AR
AU  - Pandey,VN
AU  - Vedantham,H
AU  - Abdalla,FB
AU  - Brouw,WN
AU  - Chapman,E
AU  - Ciardi,B
AU  - Gehlot,BK
AU  - Ghosh,A
AU  - Harker,G
AU  - Iliev,IT
AU  - Kakiichi,K
AU  - Majumdar,S
AU  - Mellema,G
AU  - Silva,MB
AU  - Schaye,J
AU  - Vrbanec,D
AU  - Wijnholds,SJ
DO  - 1538-4357/aa63e7
PY  - 2017///
SN  - 1538-4357
TI  - Upper limits on the 21 cm epoch of reionization power spectrum from one night with LOFAR
T2  - Astrophysical Journal
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa63e7
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46063
VL  - 838
ER  -

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