Publications
105 results found
Acs ZJ, Autio E, Szerb L, 2014, National Systems of Entrepreneurship: Measurement Issues and Policy Implications, Publisher: Elsevier BV
Acs ZJ, Autio E, Szerb L, 2014, National Systems of Entrepreneurship: Measurement issues and policy implications, Research Policy, Vol: 43, Pages: 476-494, ISSN: 0048-7333
We introduce a novel concept of National Systems of Entrepreneurship and provide an approach to characterizing them. National Systems of Entrepreneurship are fundamentally resource allocation systems that are driven by individual-level opportunity pursuit, through the creation of new ventures, with this activity and its outcomes regulated by country-specific institutional characteristics. In contrast with the institutional emphasis of the National Systems of Innovation frameworks, where institutions engender and regulate action, National Systems of Entrepreneurship are driven by individuals, with institutions regulating who acts and the outcomes of individual action. Building on these principles, we also introduce a novel index methodology to characterize National Systems of Entrepreneurship. The distinctive features of the methodology are: (1) systemic approach, which allows interactions between components of National Systems of Entrepreneurship; (2) the Penalty for Bottleneck feature, which identifies bottleneck factors that hold back system performance; (3) contextualization, which recognizes that national entrepreneurship processes are always embedded in a given country's institutional framework.
Acs Z, Szerb L, Autio ET, 2014, Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2014, London, Publisher: Amazon Books
Wennberg K, Pathak S, Autio E, 2013, How culture moulds the effects of self-efficacy and fear of failure on entrepreneurship, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Vol: 25, Pages: 756-780, ISSN: 0898-5626
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 188
Coduras A, Autio E, 2013, Comparing subjective and objective indicators to describe the national entrepreneurial context: The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the Global Competitiveness Index contributions, Investigaciones Regionales, Pages: 47-74, ISSN: 1695-7253
Entrepreneurship research is progressing towards the construction of indexes that integrate the information of the three predominant approaches: the entrepreneurial activity output; the population's entrepreneurial behavior, values and aspirations; and the context in which entrepreneurship takes place. In this study we compare the Global Competitiveness Index data, one of the objective sources of information selected among those recognized as descriptors of national contexts, with the national entrepreneurial context qualitative information provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. The main purpose of this research is to contribute to the knowledge of entrepreneurial context sources of information by opening a discussion around the usefulness and contribution that could make the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor source in this field, and to determine if it is recommendable to proceed to its formal validation in the short time. The obtained results evidence that the two sources do not overlap to the degree of substituting one by the other and that the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor provides relevant qualitative details about the state of entrepreneurial context that are interesting to complement the Global Competitiveness Index information. The conclusion is to recommend the formal validation of this source, being also necessary to make comparisons with other relevant sources and to clear up its role in the progress of the integrated indexes construction. © Investigaciones Regionales.
Thomas LDW, 2013, Ecosystem emergence: An investigation of the emergence processes of six digital service ecosystems
Levie J, Autio E, Acs Z, et al., 2013, Global entrepreneurship and institutions: An introduction, Small Business Economics
This article is an introduction to the special issue from the 4th Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Research Conference held at Imperial College Business School, London, in 2010. The article has two objectives. The first is to summarize the history of the GEM consortium, some of the contributions that it has delivered, and some challenges and opportunities ahead. The second is to present a summary of the papers in the context of the utility of GEM data in comparative entrepreneurship research.
Acs ZJ, Szerb L, Autio E, 2013, Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2013, London, Publisher: Edward Elgar, ISBN: 978 1 84980 844 6
Autio E, Pahtak S, Wennberg K, 2013, Consequences of cultural practices for entrepreneurial behaviors, Journal of International Business Studies, Pages: 334-362
Although national culture is an important regulator of entrepreneurship, there is a dearth of studies that: (1) explore the effects of national cultural practices on entrepreneurial behaviors by individuals; (2) use appropriate multilevel research designs; (3) consider the effects of culture on different entrepreneurial behaviors, such as entry and post-entry growth aspirations. We combined Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) data from 42 countries for 2005–2008 to address these gaps, using a multilevel design. We found societal institutional collectivism practices negatively associated with entrepreneurial entry, but positively associated with entrepreneurial growth aspirations. Uncertainty avoidance practices were negatively associated with entry but not with growth aspirations, and performance orientation practices were positively associated with entry. Our analysis highlights the differential effects of cultural practices on entrepreneurial entry and growth aspirations, and demonstrates the value of multilevel techniques in analyzing the effect of culture on entrepreneurship.
Perkmann M, Tartari V, McKelvey M, et al., 2013, Academic engagement and commercialisation: A review of the literature on university-industry relations (open access article), Research Policy, Vol: 42, Pages: 423-442, ISSN: 0048-7333
We present a systematic review of the literature on academic engagement, defined as academic scientists’ involvement in collaborative research, contract research, consulting and informal technology transfer. Our findings suggest that across all national contexts studied, academic engagement is widespread. We identify the antecedents and consequences of academic engagement, and systematically compare these with the antecedents and consequences of commercialisation, i.e. intellectual property transfer and academic entrepreneurship. Academic engagement is distinct from commercialisation in that it is closely aligned with traditional academic research, and is pursued by academics to access resources that further their research. We conclude by identifying future research needs, opportunities for methodological improvement and policy interventions.
Autio E, Dahlander L, Frederiksen L, 2013, Information exposure, opportunity evaluation and entrepreneurial action: An empirical investigation of an online user community, Academy of Management Journal, Vol: n/a, ISSN: 0001-4273
We study how an individual's exposure to external information regulates the evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunities and entrepreneurial action. Combining data from interviews, a survey, and a comprehensive web log of an online user community spanning eight years, we find that technical information shaped opportunity evaluation, and social information about user needs drove individuals to entrepreneurial action. Our empirical findings suggest that reducing demand uncertainty is a central factor regulating of entrepreneurial action, an insight that received theories of entrepreneurial action have so far overlooked.
Szerb LA, Acs Z, Autio E, 2013, Entrepreneurship and Policy: The National System of Entrepreneurship in the European Union and in Its Member Countries, ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH JOURNAL, Vol: 3, Pages: 9-34, ISSN: 2194-6175
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 29
Autio E, Rannikko H, Kiuru P, et al., 2013, The Vigo Finnish Accelerator Programme: Mid-Term Evaluation, Helsinki, Publisher: MEE Enterprise and Innovation Department, MEE 4/2013
The Vigo Accelerator Programme was launched in 2009 to address perceived gaps in the Finnish National System of Entrepreneurship – notably, those existing in the high-growth venturing ecosystem: (1) insufficient number of new ventures with potential for high growth; (2) equity funding gap in the region from approximately 20k€ to 200k€; and (3) insufficient experience and competence base in high-growth venturing. This mid-term evaluation addressed four questions: (1) whether the Vigo Programme had achieved its early-stage goals; (2) whether the Vigo concept addresses a real gap in the Finnish high-growth venturing ecosystem; (3) whether the Vigo Programme is likely to lead to the creation of a self-sustaining field of new venture accelerators in Finland; (4) what role the Vigo Programme might play in the Finnish high-growth venturing ecosystem in the medium to long term.
Smith C, Autio E, 2011, Entrepreneurial tie-order strategies and the creation of network advantage, Academy of Management 2011 Annual Meeting - West Meets East: Enlightening. Balancing. Transcending, AOM 2011
We develop a process theory of network emergence focusing specifically on the effects of building key external ties in sequence and their influence on network outcomes. Central to this theory is the notion that the emergence of new firmsï¿1/2 network structure is not only influenced by past histories of focal agents but also by complex, semi-reversible interactions be-tween ties. Using an inductive qualitative approach we induce a tie-order theory drawing on interviews with six new companies in the UKï¿1/2s independent television production sector over three years. We find that establishing key ties in sequence enhances resource collation, and amplifies perceptions of influence, impacting in turn on network outcomes.
Autio E, 2011, High-Aspiration Entrepreneurship, The Dynamics of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Data, ISBN: 9780199580866
This chapter analyzes the prevalence of high-aspiration entrepreneurs at both the country and individual level. The descriptive analysis reveals significant variation in high-aspiration entrepreneurship across countries as well as between high and low-income economies. At the country level, the analysis of institutional influences shows the difficulty of firing to be negatively and significantly associated to the prevalence of early-stage highaspiration entrepreneurs. The individual-level analysis confirms this effect. Thus, overall, the findings suggest that country-level factors exercise an important influence on individual-level entrepreneurial growth aspirations. The analysis also demonstrates the unique value of GEM data for the development of more robust and generalizable models of entrepreneurial growth aspirations.
Levie J, Autio E, 2011, Regulatory Burden, Rule of Law, and Entry of Strategic Entrepreneurs: An International Panel Study, JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Vol: 48, Pages: 1392-1419, ISSN: 0022-2380
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 215
Autio E, Streit-Bianchi M, Hameri AP, et al., 2011, Learning and Innovation in Procurement: The Case of ATLAS-Type Projects, Collisions and Collaboration: The Organization of Learning in the ATLAS Experiment at the LHC, ISBN: 9780199567928
This chapter draws on the results of a survey to look at what external suppliers get out of their interactions with the ATLAS Collaboration. The detector is a source of 'stretch goals' for the firms that supply its components, allowing the collaboration to present itself as a 'lead user' of innovative goods and services provided by these firms. In short, ATLAS acts as a stimulus to organization learning by its suppliers and helps them to build up the social capital necessary to profit from it.
Gustafsson R, Autio E, 2011, A failure trichotomy in knowledge exploration and exploitation, RESEARCH POLICY, Vol: 40, Pages: 819-831, ISSN: 0048-7333
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 26
Smith C, Autio E, 2011, Entrepreneurial tie-order strategies and the creation of network advantage
We develop a process theory of network emergence focusing specifically on the effects of building key external ties in sequence and their influence on network outcomes. Central to this theory is the notion that the emergence of new firmsï¿1/2 network structure is not only influenced by past histories of focal agents but also by complex, semi-reversible interactions be-tween ties. Using an inductive qualitative approach we induce a tie-order theory drawing on interviews with six new companies in the UKï¿1/2s independent television production sector over three years. We find that establishing key ties in sequence enhances resource collation, and amplifies perceptions of influence, impacting in turn on network outcomes.
Autio E, George G, Alexy O, 2011, International Entrepreneurship and Capability Development—Qualitative Evidence and Future Research Directions, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol: 35, Pages: 11-37, ISSN: 1540-6520
Anokhin S, Wincent J, Autio E, 2011, Operationalizing opportunities in entrepreneurship research: use of data envelopment analysis, SMALL BUS ECON, Vol: 37, Pages: 39-57
Despite the impressive development of substantive theories in entrepreneurship, without the development of measurement theories, further advancement of the field is problematic. In particular, the notion of opportunities, central to entrepreneurship research, requires adequate macro-level operationalization. We demonstrate how to employ data envelopment analysis (DEA) to operationalize not only innovative opportunities, but also technological arbitrage opportunities. We provide an illustrative example based on a sample of 66 countries during the period of 1993–2002. We include estimates of innovative and arbitrage opportunities for possible use by other scholars, discuss the promise and limitations of such estimates, demonstrate how both innovative and arbitrage opportunities correlate with the rates of entrepreneurial activity, and suggest several possible directions for future research.
Autio E, Acs Z, 2010, Intellectual property protection and the formation of entrepreneurial growth aspirations (forthcoming), STRATEGIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP JOURNAL, Vol: 4, Pages: 234-251
Applying real options logic, we build and test a multi-level model that explicates the influence of a country’s intellectual property protection regime on the effect of human and financial capital on growth aspirations. The results suggest that the strength of the intellectual property regime moderates negatively the relationship between an individual's education and entrepreneurial growth aspirations; and it moderates positively the relationship between an individual’s household income and growth aspirations. Intellectual property protection thereby encourages specialization amongst differently qualified entrepreneurs. Our findings support claims that strategic entrepreneurial behaviors cannot be fully understood without giving attention to the context in which those behaviors are observed.
Wincent J, Anokhin S, Ortqvist D, et al., 2010, Quality Meets Structure: Generalized Reciprocity and Firm-Level Advantage in Strategic Networks, JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Vol: 47, Pages: 597-624, ISSN: 0022-2380
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 55
Wincent J, Ortqvist D, Eriksson J, et al., 2010, The more the merrier? The effect of group size on effectiveness in SME funding campaigns, STRATEGIC ORGANIZATION, Vol: 8, Pages: 43-68, ISSN: 1476-1270
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 15
Maula MVJ, Autio E, Murray GC, 2009, Corporate venture capital and the balance of risks and rewards for portfolio companies, JOURNAL OF BUSINESS VENTURING, Vol: 24, Pages: 274-286, ISSN: 0883-9026
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 42
Levie J, Autio E, 2008, A theoretical grounding and test of the GEM model, Small Business Economics, ISSN: 0921-898X
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitormodel combines insights on the allocation of effortinto entrepreneurship at the national (adult workingagepopulation) level with literature in the Austriantradition. The model suggests that the relationshipbetween national-level new business activity andthe institutional environment, or EntrepreneurialFramework Conditions, is mediated by opportunityperception and the perception of start-up skills in thepopulation. We provide a theory-grounded examinationof this model and test the effect of one EFC,education and training for entrepreneurship, on theallocation of effort into new business activity. Wefind that in high-income countries, opportunity perceptionmediates fully the relationship between thelevel of post-secondary entrepreneurship educationand training in a country and its rate of new businessactivity, including high-growth expectation newbusiness activity. The mediating effect of skillsperception is weaker. This result accords with theKirznerian concept of alertness to opportunity stimulatingaction.
Autio E, 2008, Growth of Technology-based New Firms, The Blackwell Handbook of Entrepreneurship, Pages: 329-347, ISBN: 9780631215738
This chapter's aim is to provide an overview of the research tradition focusing on technology-based new firms (TBNFs) and to point out directions for potential future research. Another aim is to take a critical look at the foundations of this research. In other words, is there any justification for focusing on TBNFs as a distinct stream of research? Is there anything special about the growth of TBNFs that would differentiate them from other new firms? First, an introduction into the history of research on TBNFs is given. Second, different streams of research on TBNFs are described and their contributions assessed to build a case for a dedicated stream of research on TBNFs. Finally, directions for further research are discussed.
Autio E, Kanninen S, Gustafsson R, 2008, First- and second-order additionality and learning outcomes in collaborative R&D programs, RESEARCH POLICY, Vol: 37, Pages: 59-76, ISSN: 0048-7333
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 75
Keil T, Autio E, George G, 2008, Corporate venture capital, disembodied experimentation and capability development, Journal of Management Studies, Vol: 45, Pages: 1475-1505
Weber B, Weber C, 2007, Corporate venture capital as a means of radical innovation: Relational fit, social capital, and knowledge transfer, JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT, Vol: 24, Pages: 11-35, ISSN: 0923-4748
- Author Web Link
- Cite
- Citations: 77
This data is extracted from the Web of Science and reproduced under a licence from Thomson Reuters. You may not copy or re-distribute this data in whole or in part without the written consent of the Science business of Thomson Reuters.