Publications
522 results found
Khatib M, Chambers E, Morrison DJ, et al., 2019, A pilot study to evaluate the effect of increased colonic propionate on glucose homeostasis during a hypocaloric diet, Publisher: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, Pages: E10-E10, ISSN: 0029-6651
Gibson R, Frost G, Chan Q, et al., 2018, A cross-sectional investigation into the occupational and socio-demographic characteristics of British police force employees reporting a dietary pattern associated with cardiometabolic risk: Findings from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study, European Journal of Nutrition, Vol: 57, Pages: 2913-2926, ISSN: 0044-264X
PurposeThe aims of this study were to (1) determine the association between diet quality using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and cardiometabolic risk in a British working population and (2) identify employee characteristics associated with reporting a poorer quality dietary pattern.MethodsBritish police employees enrolled (2007–2012) into the Airwave Health Monitoring Study (n = 5527) were included for sex-specific cross-sectional analyses. Dietary intakes were measured using 7-day food records. DASH score was calculated to determine diet quality. Logistic regression evaluated associations between (1) diet quality and increased cardiometabolic risk (defined as ≥ 3 risk markers: dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure, waist circumference, CRP or HbA1c), and (2) poor diet quality (lowest fifth of DASH score distribution) and employee characteristics.ResultsEmployees recording a poor diet quality had greater odds (OR) of increased cardiometabolic risk independent of established risk factors (demographic, lifestyle and occupational) and BMI: men OR 1.50 (95% CI 1.12–2.00), women: OR 1.84 (95% CI 1.19–2.97) compared to the healthiest diet group. Characteristics associated with reporting a poor quality diet were employment in Scotland vs. England: men OR 1.88 (95% CI 1.53–2.32), women: OR 1.49 (95% CI 1.11–2.00), longer working hours (≥ 49 vs. ≤40 h) men: OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.21–1.92) women: OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.12–2.09). For men, job strain (high vs. low) was associated with reporting a poor diet quality OR 1.66 (95% CI 1.30–2.12).ConclusionsThe general population disparities in diet quality between England and Scotland were reflected in British police employees. The association of longer working hours and job strain with diet quality supports the targeting of workplace nutritional interventions.
Byrne CS, Preston T, Brignardello J, et al., 2018, The effect of L-rhamnose on gastrointestinal transit rates, short chain fatty acids and appetite regulation, Summer Meeting, Publisher: Cambridge University Press, Pages: E155-E155, ISSN: 0029-6651
Fiamoncini J, Rundle M, Gibbons H, et al., 2018, Plasma metabolome analysis identifies distinct human metabotypes in the postprandial state with different susceptibility to weight loss-mediated metabolic improvements, FASEB Journal, Vol: 32, Pages: 5447-5458, ISSN: 0892-6638
Health has been defined as the capability of the organism to adapt to challenges. In this study, we tested to what extent comprehensively phenotyped individuals reveal differences in metabolic responses to a standardized mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) and how these responses change when individuals experience moderate weight loss. Metabolome analysis was used in 70 healthy individuals. with profiling of ∼300 plasma metabolites during an MMTT over 8 h. Multivariate analysis of plasma markers of fatty acid catabolism identified 2 distinct metabotype clusters (A and B). Individuals from metabotype B showed slower glucose clearance, had increased intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass and higher hepatic lipid levels when compared with individuals from metabotype A. An NMR-based urine analysis revealed that these individuals also to have a less healthy dietary pattern. After a weight loss of ∼5.6 kg over 12 wk, only the subjects from metabotype B showed positive changes in the glycemic response during the MMTT and in markers of metabolic diseases. Our study in healthy individuals demonstrates that more comprehensive phenotyping can reveal discrete metabotypes with different outcomes in a dietary intervention and that markers of lipid catabolism in plasma could allow early detection of the metabolic syndrome.—Fiamoncini, J., Rundle, M., Gibbons, H., Thomas, E. L., Geillinger-Kästle, K., Bunzel, D., Trezzi, J.-P., Kiselova-Kaneva, Y., Wopereis, S., Wahrheit, J., Kulling, S. E., Hiller, K., Sonntag, D., Ivanova, D., van Ommen, B., Frost, G., Brennan, L., Bell, J. Daniel, H. Plasma metabolome analysis identifies distinct human metabotypes in the postprandial state with different susceptibility to weight loss–mediated metabolic improvements.One of the key features of human metabolism is its plasticity and capacity to regain homeostasis upon a disturbance such as acute stress, starvation, or food intake (1). In this regard it has been proposed that heal
Griffin BA, Walker CG, Jebb SA, et al., 2018, APOE4 Genotype Exerts Greater Benefit in Lowering Plasma Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B than Wild Type (E3/E3), after Replacement of Dietary Saturated Fats with Low Glycaemic Index Carbohydrates, NUTRIENTS, Vol: 10
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Byrne C, Preston T, Brignardello J, et al., 2018, The effect of L-rhamnose on intestinal transit time, short chain fatty acids and appetite regulation: a pilot human study using combined 13CO2 / H2 breath tests, Journal of Breath Research, Vol: 12, ISSN: 1752-7155
Background: The appetite-regulating effects of non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) have in part previously been attributed to their effects on intestinal transit rates as well as microbial production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Increased colonic production of the SCFA propionate has been shown to reduce energy intake and stimulate gut hormone secretion acutely in humans. Objective: We investigated the effect of the propiogenic NDC, L-rhamnose, on gastrointestinal transit times using a combined 13CO2/H2 breath test. We hypothesised that L-rhamnose would increase plasma propionate leading to a reduction in appetite, independent of changes in gastrointestinal transit times.Design: We used a dual 13C-octanoic acid/lactose 13C-ureide breath test combined with breath H2 to measure intestinal transit times following the consumption of 25g/d L-rhamnose, compared with inulin and cellulose, in 10 healthy humans in a randomised cross-over design pilot study. Gastric emptying (GE) and oro-caecal transit times (OCTT) were derived from the breath 13C data and compared with breath H2. Plasma SCFA and peptide YY (PYY) were also measured alongside subjective measures of appetite. Results: L-rhamnose significantly slowed GE rates (by 19.5min) but there was no difference in OCTT between treatments. However, breath H2 indicated fermentation of L-rhamnose before it reached the caecum. OCTT was highly correlated with breath H2 for inulin but not for L-rhamnose or cellulose. L-rhamnose consumption significantly increased plasma propionate and PYY but did not significantly reduce subjective appetite measures. Conclusions: The NDCs tested had a minimal effect on intestinal transit time. Our data suggest that L-rhamnose is partially fermented in the small intestine and that breath H2 reflects the site of gastrointestinal fermentation and is only a reliable marker of OCTT for certain NDCs (e.g. inulin). Future studies should focus on investigating the appetite-suppressing potential of L
Chambers ES, Preston T, Frost G, et al., 2018, Role of Gut Microbiota-Generated Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health., Curr Nutr Rep, Vol: 7, Pages: 198-206
PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW: This review assesses the latest evidence linking short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) with host metabolic health and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and presents the latest evidence on possible biological mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS: SCFA have a range of effects locally in the gut and at both splanchnic and peripheral tissues which together appear to induce improved metabolic regulation and have direct and indirect effects on markers of CVD risk. SCFA produced primarily from the microbial fermentation of dietary fibre appear to be key mediators of the beneficial effects elicited by the gut microbiome. Not only does dietary fibre fermentation regulate microbial activity in the gut, SCFA also directly modulate host health through a range of tissue-specific mechanisms related to gut barrier function, glucose homeostasis, immunomodulation, appetite regulation and obesity. With the increasing burden of obesity worldwide, the role for gut microbiota-generated SCFA in protecting against the effects of energy dense diets offers an intriguing new avenue for regulating metabolic health and CVD risk.
Wark PA, Hardie LJ, Frost GS, et al., 2018, Validity of an online 24-h recall tool (myfood24) for dietary assessment in population studies: comparison with biomarkers and standard interviews, BMC Medicine, Vol: 16, ISSN: 1741-7015
BackgroundOnline dietary assessment tools can reduce administrative costs and facilitate repeated dietary assessment during follow-up in large-scale studies. However, information on bias due to measurement error of such tools is limited. We developed an online 24-h recall (myfood24) and compared its performance with a traditional interviewer-administered multiple-pass 24-h recall, assessing both against biomarkers.MethodsMetabolically stable adults were recruited and completed the new online dietary recall, an interviewer-based multiple pass recall and a suite of reference measures. Longer-term dietary intake was estimated from up to 3 × 24-h recalls taken 2 weeks apart. Estimated intakes of protein, potassium and sodium were compared with urinary biomarker concentrations. Estimated total sugar intake was compared with a predictive biomarker and estimated energy intake compared with energy expenditure measured by accelerometry and calorimetry. Nutrient intakes were also compared to those derived from an interviewer-administered multiple-pass 24-h recall.ResultsBiomarker samples were received from 212 participants on at least one occasion. Both self-reported dietary assessment tools led to attenuation compared to biomarkers. The online tools resulted in attenuation factors of around 0.2–0.3 and partial correlation coefficients, reflecting ranking intakes, of approximately 0.3–0.4. This was broadly similar to the more administratively burdensome interviewer-based tool. Other nutrient estimates derived from myfood24 were around 10–20% lower than those from the interviewer-based tool, with wide limits of agreement. Intraclass correlation coefficients were approximately 0.4–0.5, indicating consistent moderate agreement.ConclusionsOur findings show that, whilst results from both measures of self-reported diet are attenuated compared to biomarker measures, the myfood24 online 24-h recall is comparable to the more time-consuming a
Wark P, Frost G, Elliott P, et al., 2018, An online 24-hour recall tool (myfood24) is valid for dietary assessment in population studies: comparison with biomarkers and standard interviews., BMC Medicine, Vol: 16, ISSN: 1741-7015
BackgroundOnline dietary assessment tools can reduce administrative costs and facilitate repeated dietary assessment during follow-up in large-scale studies. However, information on bias due to measurement error of such tools is limited. We developed an online 24-h recall (myfood24) and compared its performance with a traditional interviewer-administered multiple-pass 24-h recall, assessing both against biomarkers.MethodsMetabolically stable adults were recruited and completed the new online dietary recall, an interviewer-based multiple pass recall and a suite of reference measures. Longer-term dietary intake was estimated from up to 3 × 24-h recalls taken 2 weeks apart. Estimated intakes of protein, potassium and sodium were compared with urinary biomarker concentrations. Estimated total sugar intake was compared with a predictive biomarker and estimated energy intake compared with energy expenditure measured by accelerometry and calorimetry. Nutrient intakes were also compared to those derived from an interviewer-administered multiple-pass 24-h recall.ResultsBiomarker samples were received from 212 participants on at least one occasion. Both self-reported dietary assessment tools led to attenuation compared to biomarkers. The online tools resulted in attenuation factors of around 0.2–0.3 and partial correlation coefficients, reflecting ranking intakes, of approximately 0.3–0.4. This was broadly similar to the more administratively burdensome interviewer-based tool. Other nutrient estimates derived from myfood24 were around 10–20% lower than those from the interviewer-based tool, with wide limits of agreement. Intraclass correlation coefficients were approximately 0.4–0.5, indicating consistent moderate agreement.ConclusionsOur findings show that, whilst results from both measures of self-reported diet are attenuated compared to biomarker measures, the myfood24 online 24-h recall is comparable to the more time-consuming a
Walsh K, Calder N, Olupot-Olupot P, et al., 2018, Modifying Intestinal Integrity and MicroBiome in Severe Malnutrition with Legume-Based Feeds (MIMBLE 2.0): protocol for a phase II refined feed and intervention trial, Wellcome Open Research, Vol: 3, ISSN: 2398-502X
Background: Changes in intestinal mucosal integrity and gut microbial balance occur in severe acute malnutrition (SAM), resulting in treatment failure and adverse clinical outcomes (gram-negative sepsis, diarrhoea and high case-fatality). Transient lactose intolerance, due to loss of intestinal brush border lactase, also complicates SAM, thus milk based feeds may not be optimal for nutritional rehabilitation. Since the gut epithelial barrier can be supported by short chain fatty acids, derived from microbiota fermentation by particular fermentable carbohydrates, we postulated that an energy-dense nutritional feed comprising of legume-based fermentable carbohydrates, incorporated with lactose-free versions of standard World Health Organization (WHO) F75/F100 nutritional feeds will enhance epithelial barrier function in malnourished children, reduce and promote resolution of diarrhoea and improve overall outcome. Methods: We will investigate in an open-label trial in 160 Ugandan children with SAM, defined by mid-upper arm circumference <11.5cm and/or presence of kwashiorkor. Children will be randomised to a lactose-free, chickpea-enriched feed containing 2 kcal/ml, provided in quantities to match usual energy provision (experimental) or WHO standard treatment F75 (0.75 kcal/ml) and F100 (1 kcal/ml) feeds on a 1:1 basis, conducted at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital nutritional rehabilitation unit. The primary outcomes are change in MUAC at day 90 and survival to day 90. Secondary outcomes include: i) moderate to good weight gain (>5 g/kg/day), ii) de novo development of diarrhoea (>3 loose stools/day), iii) time to diarrhoea resolution (if >3 loose stools/day), and iv) time to oedema resolution (if kwashiorkor) and change in intestinal biomarkers (faecal calprotectin). Discussion: We hypothesize that, if introduced early in the management of malnutrition, such lactose-free, fermentable carbohydrate-based feeds, could safely and cheaply improve global outco
Walsh K, Calder N, Olupot-Olupot P, et al., 2018, Modifying Intestinal Integrity and Micro Biome in Severe Malnutrition with Legume-Based Feeds (MIMBLE 2.0): protocol for a phase II refined feed and intervention trial [version 1; referees: 2 approved], Wellcome Open Research, Vol: 3, Pages: 95-95, ISSN: 2398-502X
Background: Changes in intestinal mucosal integrity and gut microbial balance occur in severe acute malnutrition (SAM), resulting in treatment failure and adverse clinical outcomes (gram-negative sepsis, diarrhoea and high case-fatality). Transient lactose intolerance, due to loss of intestinal brush border lactase, also complicates SAM, thus milk based feeds may not be optimal for nutritional rehabilitation. Since the gut epithelial barrier can be supported by short chain fatty acids, derived from microbiota fermentation by particular fermentable carbohydrates, we postulated that an energy-dense nutritional feed comprising of legume-based fermentable carbohydrates, incorporated with lactose-free versions of standard World Health Organization (WHO) F75/F100 nutritional feeds will enhance epithelial barrier function in malnourished children, reduce and promote resolution of diarrhoea and improve overall outcome. Methods: We will investigate in an open-label trial in 160 Ugandan children with SAM, defined by mid-upper arm circumference <11.5cm and/or presence of kwashiorkor. Children will be randomised to a lactose-free, chickpea-enriched feed containing 2 kcal/ml, provided in quantities to match usual energy provision (experimental) or WHO standard treatment F75 (0.75 kcal/ml) and F100 (1 kcal/ml) feeds on a 1:1 basis, conducted at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital nutritional rehabilitation unit. The primary outcomes are change in MUAC at day 90 and survival to day 90. Secondary outcomes include: i) moderate to good weight gain (>5 g/kg/day), ii) de novo development of diarrhoea (>3 loose stools/day), iii) time to diarrhoea resolution (if >3 loose stools/day), and iv) time to oedema resolution (if kwashiorkor) and change in intestinal biomarkers (faecal calprotectin). Discussion: We hypothesize that, if introduced early in the management of malnutrition, such lactose-free, fermentable carbohydrate-based feeds, could safely and cheaply improve global outco
Dyson PA, Twenefour D, Breen C, et al., 2018, Diabetes UK evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes., Diabet Med, Vol: 35, Pages: 541-547
A summary of the latest evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes is presented. These guidelines are based on existing recommendations last published in 2011, and were formulated by an expert panel of specialist dietitians after a literature review of recent evidence. Recommendations have been made in terms of foods rather than nutrients wherever possible. Guidelines for education and care delivery, prevention of Type 2 diabetes, glycaemic control for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease risk management, management of diabetes-related complications, other considerations including comorbidities, nutrition support, pregnancy and lactation, eating disorders, micronutrients, food supplements, functional foods, commercial diabetic foods and nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners are included. The sections on pregnancy and prevention of Type 2 diabetes have been enlarged and the weight management section modified to include considerations of remission of Type 2 diabetes. A section evaluating detailed considerations in ethnic minorities has been included as a new topic. The guidelines were graded using adapted 'GRADE' methodology and, where strong evidence was lacking, grading was not allocated. These 2018 guidelines emphasize a flexible, individualized approach to diabetes management and weight loss and highlight the emerging evidence for remission of Type 2 diabetes. The full guideline document is available at www.diabetes.org.uk/nutrition-guidelines.
Eriksen R, Gibson R, Lamb K, et al., 2018, Nutrient profiling and adherence to components of the UK national dietary guidelines association with metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: Airwave Health Monitoring Study, British Journal of Nutrition, Vol: 119, Pages: 695-705, ISSN: 1475-2662
CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide. Diet is a key modifiable component in the development of CVD. No official UK diet quality index exists for use in UK nutritional epidemiological studies. The aims of this study are to: (i) develop a diet quality index based on components of UK dietary reference values (DRV) and (ii) determine the association between the index, the existing UK nutrient profile (NP) model and a comprehensive range of cardiometabolic risk markers among a British adult population. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study (n 5848). Dietary intake was measured by 7-d food diary and metabolic risk using waist circumference, BMI, blood lipid profile, glycated Hb (HbA1c) and blood pressure measurements. Diet quality was assessed using the novel DRV index and NP model. Associations between diet and cardiometabolic risk were analysed via multivariate linear models and logistic regression. A two-point increase in NP score was associated with total cholesterol (β −0·33 mmol/l, P<0·0001) and HbA1c (β −0·01 %, P<0·0001). A two-point increase in DRV score was associated with waist circumference (β −0·56 cm, P<0·0001), BMI (β −0·15 kg/m2, P<0·0001), total cholesterol (β −0·06 mmol/l, P<0·0001) and HbA1c (β −0·02 %, P=0·002). A one-point increase in DRV score was associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (OR 0·94, P=0·01) and obesity (OR 0·95, P<0·0001). The DRV index is associated with overall diet quality and risk factors for CVD and T2D, supporting its application in nutritional epidemiological studies investigating CVD risk in a UK population.
Pingitore A, Maldonado IR, Abuin NG, et al., 2018, A role for Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 (FFAR2) in the beneficial effects of diet-derived short-chain fatty acids on glucose homeostasis, Publisher: WILEY, Pages: 41-41, ISSN: 0742-3071
Ezekwe SI, Gibson R, Frost G, et al., 2018, A comparison of glycaemic variability in healthy shift workers during night and day shift work using mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE), Publisher: WILEY, Pages: 80-80, ISSN: 0742-3071
Infante JR, Korn RL, Rosen LS, et al., 2018, Phase 1 trials of PEGylated recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 in patients with advanced solid tumours, British Journal of Cancer, Vol: 118, ISSN: 0007-0920
Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2018) 118, 156–167; doi: 10.1038/bjc.2017.327; published online 26 September 2017.There was an error in the description of the pharmacodynamics within the ‘Materials and methods’ section of this manuscript, and with the reference cited Printz et al (2017). The correct description is shown below:
Noorwali EA, Potter GDM, Ford HE, et al., 2018, Sleep timing and vegetable intakes in UK adults: a cross-sectional study, Publisher: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, Pages: E132-E132, ISSN: 0029-6651
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Khatib M, Chambers E, Morrison D, et al., 2018, A pilot study to evaluate the effect of increased colonic propionate on appetite during a hypocaloric diet, Publisher: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, Pages: E119-E119, ISSN: 0029-6651
Chambers E, Frost G, Byrne C, et al., 2017, Acute oral sodium propionate supplementation raises resting energy expenditure and lipid oxidation in fasted humans, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Vol: 20, Pages: 1034-1039, ISSN: 1462-8902
Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced from fermentation of dietary fibre by the gut microbiota, have been suggested to modulate energy metabolism. Previous work using rodent models has demonstrated that oral supplementation of the SCFA propionate raises resting energy expenditure (REE) by promoting lipid oxidation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of oral sodium propionate on REE and substrate metabolism in humans. Eighteen healthy volunteers (9 women and 9 men; age 25 ± 1 years; body mass index 24.1 ± 1.2 kg/m2) completed 2 study visits following an overnight fast. Tablets containing a total of 6845 mg sodium propionate or 4164 mg sodium chloride were provided over the 180‐minute study period in random order. REE and substrate oxidation were assessed by indirect calorimetry. Oral sodium propionate administration increased REE (0.045 ± 0.020 kcal/min; P = .036); this was accompanied by elevated rates of whole‐body lipid oxidation (0.012 ± 0.006 g/min; P = .048) and was independent of changes in glucose and insulin concentrations. Future studies are warranted to determine whether the acute effects of oral sodium propionate on REE translate into positive improvements in long‐term energy balance in humans.
Hughes D, Fedirko V, Meplan C, et al., 2017, SELENIUM PATHWAY GENOTYPES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH COLORECTAL CANCER RISK AND MODIFIED BY SELENIUM STATUS, IUNS. 21st International Congress of Nutrition, Publisher: Karger Publishers, Pages: 1132-1133, ISSN: 1421-9697
Umpleby AM, Shojaee-Moradie F, Fielding B, et al., 2017, Impact of liver fat on the differential partitioning of hepatic triacylglycerol into VLDL subclasses on high and low sugar diets., Clinical Science, Vol: 131, Pages: 2561-2573, ISSN: 0143-5221
Dietary sugars are linked to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dyslipidaemia, but it is unknown if NAFLD itself influences the effects of sugars on plasma lipoproteins. To study this further, men with NAFLD (n = 11) and low liver fat 'controls' (n = 14) were fed two iso-energetic diets, high or low in sugars (26% or 6% total energy) for 12 weeks, in a randomised, cross-over design. Fasting plasma lipid and lipoprotein kinetics were measured after each diet by stable isotope trace-labelling.There were significant differences in the production and catabolic rates of VLDL subclasses between men with NAFLD and controls, in response to the high and low sugar diets. Men with NAFLD had higher plasma concentrations of VLDL1-triacylglycerol (TAG) after the high (P<0.02) and low sugar (P<0.0002) diets, a lower VLDL1-TAG fractional catabolic rate after the high sugar diet (P<0.01), and a higher VLDL1-TAG production rate after the low sugar diet (P<0.01), relative to controls. An effect of the high sugar diet, was to channel hepatic TAG into a higher production of VLDL1-TAG (P<0.02) in the controls, but in contrast, a higher production of VLDL2-TAG (P<0.05) in NAFLD. These dietary effects on VLDL subclass kinetics could be explained, in part, by differences in the contribution of fatty acids from intra-hepatic stores, and de novo lipogenesis. The present study provides new evidence that liver fat accumulation leads to a differential partitioning of hepatic TAG into large and small VLDL subclasses, in response to high and low intakes of sugars.
Garcia Perez I, Posma JM, Gibson R, et al., 2017, Modernizing dietary assessment, IUNS 21st ICN International Congress of Nutrition, Publisher: Karger Publishers, Pages: 286-287, ISSN: 1421-9697
Yin X, Gibbons H, Rundle M, et al., 2017, Estimation of Chicken Intake by Adults Using Metabolomics-Derived Markers, JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, Vol: 147, Pages: 1850-1857, ISSN: 0022-3166
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Fiamoncini J, Yiorkas AM, Gedrich K, et al., 2017, Determinants of postprandial plasma bile acid kinetics in human volunteers, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY, Vol: 313, Pages: G300-G312, ISSN: 0193-1857
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Gibbons H, Michielsen CJR, Rundle M, et al., 2017, Demonstration of the utility of biomarkers for dietary intake assessment; proline betaine as an example, MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH, Vol: 61, ISSN: 1613-4125
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Pingitore A, Maldonado IR, Abuin NG, et al., 2017, Short-chain fatty acids potentiate insulin secretion and protect against apoptosis in mouse and human islets; role of FFAR2, 53rd Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-Diabetes (EASD), Publisher: SPRINGER, Pages: S67-S67, ISSN: 0012-186X
Kelly SAM, Hartley L, Loveman E, et al., 2017, Whole grain cereals for the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Vol: 8, ISSN: 1469-493X
BackgroundThere is evidence from observational studies that whole grains can have a beneficial effect on risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).Earlier versions of this review found mainly short-term intervention studies. There are now longer-term randomised controlled trials(RCTs) available. This is an update and expansion of the original review conducted in 2007.ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of whole grain foods or diets on total mortality, cardiovascular events, andcardiovascular risk factors (blood lipids, blood pressure) in healthy people or people who have established cardiovascular disease orrelated risk factors, using all eligible RCTs.Search methodsWe searched CENTRAL (Issue 8, 2016) in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (1946 to 31 August 2016), Embase (1980 to week 352016), and CINAHL Plus (1937 to 31 August 2016) on 31 August 2016. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov on 5 July 2017 and theWorld Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) on 6 July 2017. We checked reference listsof relevant articles and applied no language restrictions.Selection criteriaWe selected RCTs assessing the effects of whole grain foods or diets containing whole grains compared to foods or diets with a similarcomposition, over a minimum of 12 weeks, on cardiovascular disease and related risk factors. Eligible for inclusion were healthy adults,those at increased risk of CVD, or those previously diagnosedwith CVD.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently selected studies. Data were extracted and quality-checked by one review author and checked bya second review author. A second review author checked the analyses. We assessed treatment effect using mean difference in a fixed-effect model and heterogeneity using the I2statistic and the Chi2test of heterogeneity. We assessed the overall quality of evidence usingGRADE with GRADEpro software.
Rahman S, Vorkas P, Morrison D, et al., 2017, ACUTE DIETARY SATURATED FAT INTAKE CAN SUPPRESS THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN HUMAN CIRCULATING FOAMY MONOCYTES, 85th Congress of the European-Atherosclerosis-Society (EAS), Publisher: Elsevier, Pages: E116-E116, ISSN: 0021-9150
Clar C, Al-Khudairy L, Loveman E, et al., 2017, Low glycaemic index diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Vol: 7, ISSN: 1469-493X
BackgroundThe glycaemic index (GI) is a physiological measure of the ability of a carbohydrate to affect blood glucose. Interest is growing in thisarea for the clinical management of people at risk of, or with, established cardiovascular disease. There is a need to review the currentevidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in this area. This is an update of the original review published in 2008.ObjectivesTo assess the effect of the dietary GI on total mortality, cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular risk factors (blood lipids, bloodpressure) in healthy people or people who have established cardiovascular disease or related risk factors, using all eligible randomisedcontrolled trials.Search methodsWe searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL in July 2016.We also checked reference lists of relevant articles. Nolanguage restrictions were applied.Selection criteriaWe selected RCTs that assessed the effects of low GI diets compared to diets with a similar composition but a higher GI on cardiovasculardisease and related risk factors. Minimum trial duration was12 weeks. Participants included were healthyadults or those at increased riskof cardiovascular disease, or previously diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Studies in people with diabetes mellituswere excluded.Data collection and analysisTwo reviewers independently screened and selected studies. Two review authors independently assessed risk of bias, evaluated the overallquality of the evidence using GRADE, and extracted data following theCochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Wecontacted trial authors for additional information. Analyses were checked by a second reviewer. Continuous outcomes were synthesizedusing mean differences and adverse events were synthesized narratively.
Brown A, Guess N, Dornhorst A, et al., 2017, Insulin-associated weight gain in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients – what can be done?, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, ISSN: 1463-1326
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