Publications
219 results found
Jiang Y, Rein G, Welch S, et al., 2013, Modeling fire-induced radiative heat transfer in smoke-filled structural cavities, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES, Vol: 66, Pages: 24-33, ISSN: 1290-0729
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- Citations: 3
Hadden RM, Rein G, Belcher CM, 2013, Study of the competing chemical reactions in the initiation and spread of smouldering combustion in peat, PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE, Vol: 34, Pages: 2547-2553, ISSN: 1540-7489
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- Citations: 79
Jiang Y, Kotsovinos P, Usmani A, et al., 2013, Numerical investigation of thermal responses of a composite structure in horizontally travelling fires using OpenSees, 9th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: 736-744, ISSN: 1877-7058
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- Citations: 6
Torrance KW, Rein G, Switzer C, et al., 2013, Self-Sustained Smoldering Combustion of a Coal-Waste Heap in Central Scotland, COAL AND PEAT FIRES: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE, VOL 2: PHOTOGRAPHS AND MULTIMEDIA TOURS, Editors: Stracher, Prakash, Sokol, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: 395-405, ISBN: 978-0-44-459412-9
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- Citations: 1
Carvel R, Colella F, Rein G, 2012, Using active systems to control tunnel fire events, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Engineering and Computational Mechanics, Vol: 165, Pages: 245-252, ISSN: 1755-0777
Catastrophic tunnel fires are rare events, but often with large economic impacts. Current fire safety strategies for fire events in tunnels are generally designed on the basis of a large fire, overlooking the fact that every large fire starts as a small fire and some small fires may be controlled. This paper looks at ventilation and suppression systems and the extent to which these systems can control fire behaviour at each stage in the fire growth chain. Informed implementation of ventilation systems in the early and growth stages of a fire can significantly decrease the rate of fire growth, while careless use of ventilation may lead to rapid fire growth. Suppression systems are generally able to slow the rate of growth of a fire but, in many instances, it is not possible to reduce the size of a fire using such systems, even if they do generally prevent fire spread to adjacent vehicles. It is proposed that for maximum fire control during an incident in a tunnel, ventilation systems are used carefully in the initial stages of a fire, while suppression systems, if available, may be used in the rapid growth phase. The proposed fire control measures may rely on a level of detection and monitoring that is not currently possible in tunnels, but which should be available in the foreseeable future.
Stern-Gottfried J, Rein G, 2012, Travelling fires for structural design–Part I: Literature review, Fire Safety Journal, Vol: 54, Pages: 74-85, ISSN: 0379-7112
Stern-Gottfried J, Rein G, 2012, Travelling fires for structural design-Part II: Design methodology, Fire Safety Journal, Vol: 54, Pages: 96-112, ISSN: 0379-7112
MacPhee SL, Gerhard JI, Rein G, 2012, A novel method for simulating smoldering propagation and its application to STAR (Self-sustaining Treatment for Active Remediation), ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE, Vol: 31, Pages: 84-98, ISSN: 1364-8152
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- Citations: 16
Jahn W, Rein G, Torero JL, 2012, Forecasting fire dynamics using inverse computational fluid dynamics and tangent linearisation, ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE, Vol: 47, Pages: 114-126, ISSN: 0965-9978
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- Citations: 29
Cancellieri D, Leroy-Cancellieri V, Leoni E, et al., 2012, Kinetic investigation on the smouldering combustion of boreal peat, FUEL, Vol: 93, Pages: 479-485, ISSN: 0016-2361
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- Citations: 25
Filkov AI, Kuzin AY, Sharypov OV, et al., 2012, Comparative Study To Evaluate the Drying Kinetics of Boreal Peats from Micro to Macro Scales, ENERGY & FUELS, Vol: 26, Pages: 349-356, ISSN: 0887-0624
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- Citations: 6
Hadden R, Alkatib A, Rein G, et al., 2012, Radiant Ignition of Polyurethane Foam: The Effect of Sample Size, Fire Technology, Pages: 1-19, ISSN: 0015-2684
Colella F, Rein G, Verda V, et al., 2011, Multiscale modeling of transient flows from fire and ventilation in long tunnels, COMPUTERS & FLUIDS, Vol: 51, Pages: 16-29, ISSN: 0045-7930
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- Citations: 53
Colella F, Rein G, Verda V, et al., 2011, Time-dependent multiscale simulations of fire emergencies in longitudinally ventilated tunnels, Pages: 359-372, ISSN: 1817-4299
This paper applies a novel and fast multiscale approach to model ventilation flows and fires in tunnels. The complexity and high cost of full CFD models and the inaccuracies of simplistic zone or analytical models are avoided by efficiently combining mono-dimensional (1-D) and CFD (3-D) modeling techniques. The multiscale model couples a 3-D CFD solver with a simple 1-D model allowing for a more rational use of the computational resources. The 1-D network models tunnel regions where the flow is fully developed (far field), and detailed CFD is used where flow conditions require 3-D resolution (near field). The multiscale method has been applied to model steady-state fires and tunnel ventilation systems, including jet fans, vertical shafts and portals, and it is applied here to study the transient flow interactions in a modern tunnel of 7 m diameter section and 1.2 km in length. Different ventilation scenarios are investigated to provide the timing to reach the critical velocity conditions at the seat of the fire and to remove the upstream back layering. The much lower computational cost is of great value, especially for parametric and sensitivity studies required in the design or assessment of real ventilation and fire safety systems. This is the first time that a comprehensive analysis of the transient fire and ventilation flow scenarios in a long tunnel is conducted. © 2011 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR FIRE SAFETY SCIENCE.
Law A, Stern-Gottfried J, Gillie M, et al., 2011, Structural engineering and fire dynamics: Advances at the interface and Buchanan's challenge, Pages: 1563-1576, ISSN: 1817-4299
In 2008, Buchanan identified a necessary prerequisite for the advancement of structural fire engineering. He stated that "fire engineers and structural engineers need to talk to each other". In an attempt to address this need, the following paper provides a historical context of structural fire engineering and presents the results of research conducted when fire engineers and structural fire engineers do, indeed, talk to one another and work together on the same problem. The fire engineering approach is that developed by SternGottfried and Rein using travelling fires to capture realistic fire dynamics in a large compartment, and the structural fire approach by Law and Gillie on the whole frame behaviour of a concrete building. These techniques are not the only approaches, nor are they the ultimate product of Buchanan's challenge. However, they show how a rational approach to both fire engineering and structural engineering can provide design tools that would be meaningless or impossible otherwise. © 2011 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR FIRE SAFETY SCIENCE.
Jahn W, Rein G, Torero JL, 2011, Forecasting fire growth using an inverse CFD modelling approach in a real-scale fire test, Pages: 1349-1358, ISSN: 1817-4299
The rate of fire growth in a real-scale fire test is estimated using an inverse modelling approach of computational fluid dynamics (FDS v5). Measurements from the fire test are assimilated into the fire model and based on this the parameters of a decoupled fire growth model are estimated. A forecast of the fire development is then made with the estimated parameters. It is shown that a simplified fire growth model can give a robust representation of the underlying physics and that the necessary parameters can be estimated at an acceptable computational cost. The forecasts are shown to accurately predict the fire development. The results are based on a simplified single parameter fire growth model of a well characterized scenario, but the methodology allows for an extension to a more complicated model that would require less previous characterization of the fire scenario. © 2011 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR FIRE SAFETY SCIENCE.
Girods P, Bal N, Biteau H, et al., 2011, Comparison of pyrolysis behaviour results between the cone calorimeter and the fire propagation apparatus heat sources, Pages: 889-901, ISSN: 1817-4299
The cone calorimeter and the fire propagation apparatus (FPA) are often used to carry out flammability studies of materials. There are various differences in the set-up of these two devices that could lead to different fire behaviour for the same material. Among these, the impact of the different heat sources used is studied here. The cone calorimeter employs an electrical cone heater and the FPA uses tungsten lamps to radiate a given heat flux level to the sample. Experiments are conducted in the FPA set-up using a conical heater or tungsten lamps as the heat source with clear PMMA and wood samples. Mass loss and temperature measurements are taken during the tests, and the bubble layer depth is measured after the tests. Significant differences in pyrolysis behaviour of both samples between the cone calorimeter and the FPA are consistently observed at the same heat flux level. These different pyrolysis behaviours can be explained by the wavelength dependency of the radiative material properties (reflectance, absorptance and transmittance). This conclusion is in agreement with, and provides an experimental confirmation, to theoretical findings in previous studies. © 2011 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR FIRE SAFETY SCIENCE.
Bal N, Rein G, 2011, Numerical investigation of the ignition delay time of a translucent solid at high radiant heat fluxes, COMBUSTION AND FLAME, Vol: 158, Pages: 1109-1116, ISSN: 0010-2180
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- Citations: 56
Law A, Stern-Gottfried J, Gillie M, et al., 2011, The influence of travelling fires on a concrete frame, ENGINEERING STRUCTURES, Vol: 33, Pages: 1635-1642, ISSN: 0141-0296
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- Citations: 44
Jahn W, Rein G, Torero JL, 2011, <i>A posteriori</i> modelling of the growth phase of Dalmarnock Fire Test One, BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 46, Pages: 1065-1073, ISSN: 0360-1323
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- Citations: 26
Rein G, 2011, Wildfires, Fire Science and Fire Safety Engineering, Publisher: SPRINGER, Pages: 293-294, ISSN: 0015-2684
Pironi P, Switzer C, Gerhard JI, et al., 2011, Self-Sustaining Smoldering Combustion for NAPL Remediation: Laboratory Evaluation of Process Sensitivity to Key Parameters, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 45, Pages: 2980-2986, ISSN: 0013-936X
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- Citations: 58
Jahn W, Rein G, Torero JL, 2011, Forecasting fire growth using an inverse zone modelling approach, FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL, Vol: 46, Pages: 81-88, ISSN: 0379-7112
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- Citations: 36
Carvel R, Steinhaus T, Rein G, et al., 2011, Determination of the flammability properties of polymeric materials: A novel method, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol: 96, Pages: 314-319, ISSN: 0141-3910
Hadden RM, Rein G, 2011, Small-scale experiments of self-sustaining decomposition of NPK fertilizer and application to events aboard the <i>Ostedijk</i> in 2007, JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, Vol: 186, Pages: 731-737, ISSN: 0304-3894
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- Citations: 12
Colella F, Rein G, Torero JL, et al., 2011, A Novel Multiscale Methodology for Simulating Tunnel Ventilation Flows During Fires, FIRE TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 47, Pages: 221-253, ISSN: 0015-2684
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- Citations: 35
Rein G, 2011, Smoldering Combustion Phenomena and Coal Fires, COAL AND PEAT FIRES: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE, VOL 1: COAL - GEOLOGY AND COMBUSTION, Editors: Stracher, Prakash, Sokol, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: 307-315
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- Citations: 16
Rogaume T, Valencia LB, Guillaume E, et al., 2011, DEVELOPMENT OF THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION MECHANISM OF POLYETHER POLYURETHANE FOAM USING BOTH CONDENSED AND GAS-PHASE RELEASE DATA, COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 183, Pages: 627-644, ISSN: 0010-2202
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- Citations: 23
Hadden R, Rein G, 2011, Burning and Water Suppression of Smoldering Coal Fires in Small-Scale Laboratory Experiments, COAL AND PEAT FIRES: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE, VOL 1: COAL - GEOLOGY AND COMBUSTION, Editors: Stracher, Prakash, Sokol, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: 317-326
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- Citations: 16
Belcher CM, Yearsley JM, Hadden RM, et al., 2010, Baseline intrinsic flammability of Earth’s ecosystems estimated from paleoatmospheric oxygen over the past 350 million years, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol: 107, Pages: 22448-22453
Atmospheric oxygen (O2) is estimated to have varied greatly throughout Earth’s history and has been capable of influencing wildfire activity wherever fuel and ignition sources were present. Fires consume huge quantities of biomass in all ecosystems and play an important role in biogeochemical cycles. This means that understanding the influence of O2 on past fire activity has far-reaching consequences for the evolution of life and Earth’s biodiversity over geological timescales. We have used a strong electrical ignition source to ignite smoldering fires, and we measured their self-sustaining propagation in atmospheres of different oxygen concentrations. These data have been used to build a model that we use to estimate the baseline intrinsic flammability of Earth’s ecosystems according to variations in O2 over the past 350 million years (Ma). Our aim is to highlight times in Earth’s history when fire has been capable of influencing the Earth system. We reveal that fire activity would be greatly suppressed below 18.5% O2, entirely switched off below 16% O2, and rapidly enhanced between 19–22% O2. We show that fire activity and, therefore, its influence on the Earth system would have been high during the Carboniferous (350–300 Ma) and Cretaceous (145–65 Ma) periods; intermediate in the Permian (299–251 Ma), Late Triassic (285–201 Ma), and Jurassic (201–145 Ma) periods; and surprisingly low to lacking in the Early–Middle Triassic period between 250–240 Ma. These baseline variations in Earth’s flammability must be factored into our understanding of past vegetation, biodiversity, evolution, and biogeochemical cycles.
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