Publications
79 results found
Hellyer PJ, Shanahan MP, Scott G, et al., 2014, The control of global brain dynamics: opposing actions of frontoparietal control and default mode networks on attention, Journal of Neuroscience, Vol: 34, Pages: 451-461, ISSN: 1529-2401
Understanding how dynamic changes in brain activity control behavior is a major challenge of cognitive neuroscience. Here, we consider the brain as a complex dynamic system and define two measures of brain dynamics: the synchrony of brain activity, measured by the spatial coherence of the BOLD signal across regions of the brain; and metastability, which we define as the extent to which synchrony varies over time. We investigate the relationship among brain network activity, metastability, and cognitive state in humans, testing the hypothesis that global metastability is “tuned” by network interactions. We study the following two conditions: (1) an attentionally demanding choice reaction time task (CRT); and (2) an unconstrained “rest” state. Functional MRI demonstrated increased synchrony, and decreased metastability was associated with increased activity within the frontoparietal control/dorsal attention network (FPCN/DAN) activity and decreased default mode network (DMN) activity during the CRT compared with rest. Using a computational model of neural dynamics that is constrained by white matter structure to test whether simulated changes in FPCN/DAN and DMN activity produce similar effects, we demonstate that activation of the FPCN/DAN increases global synchrony and decreases metastability. DMN activation had the opposite effects. These results suggest that the balance of activity in the FPCN/DAN and DMN might control global metastability, providing a mechanistic explanation of how attentional state is shifted between an unfocused/exploratory mode characterized by high metastability, and a focused/constrained mode characterized by low metastability.
Cutfield NJ, Scott G, Waldman AD, et al., 2014, Visual and proprioceptive interaction in patients with bilateral vestibular loss, NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL, Vol: 4, Pages: 274-282, ISSN: 2213-1582
Following bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) patients gradually adapt to the loss of vestibular input and rely more on other sensory inputs. Here we examine changes in the way proprioceptive and visual inputs interact. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate visual responses in the context of varying levels of proprioceptive input in 12 BVL subjects and 15 normal controls. A novel metal-free vibrator was developed to allow vibrotactile neck proprioceptive input to be delivered in the MRI system. A high level (100 Hz) and low level (30 Hz) control stimulus was applied over the left splenius capitis; only the high frequency stimulus generates a significant proprioceptive stimulus. The neck stimulus was applied in combination with static and moving (optokinetic) visual stimuli, in a factorial fMRI experimental design. We found that high level neck proprioceptive input had more cortical effect on brain activity in the BVL patients. This included a reduction in visual motion responses during high levels of proprioceptive input and differential activation in the midline cerebellum. In early visual cortical areas, the effect of high proprioceptive input was present for both visual conditions but in lateral visual areas, including V5/MT, the effect was only seen in the context of visual motion stimulation. The finding of a cortical visuo-proprioceptive interaction in BVL patients is consistent with behavioural data indicating that, in BVL patients, neck afferents partly replace vestibular input during the CNS-mediated compensatory process. An fMRI cervico-visual interaction may thus substitute the known visuo-vestibular interaction reported in normal subject fMRI studies. The results provide evidence for a cortical mechanism of adaptation to vestibular failure, in the form of an enhanced proprioceptive influence on visual processing. The results may provide the basis for a cortical mechanism involved in proprioceptive substitution of vestibular func
Cramer H, Vijayan R, Scott G, et al., 2014, Out of sight, but not out of mind? Greater reported pain in patients who spontaneously look away during venepuncture, Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Akupunktur, Vol: 57, Pages: 32-33, ISSN: 0415-6412
Scott G, Presswood EJ, Makubate B, et al., 2013, Lung sounds: how doctors draw crackles and wheeze, POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 89, Pages: 693-697, ISSN: 0032-5473
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- Citations: 3
Vijayan R, Scott G, 2013, An approach to the obstructive colleague, British Medical Journal, Vol: 347, ISSN: 0007-1447
Vijayan R, Scott G, 2013, Doctor, interrupted, British Medical Journal, Vol: 346, ISSN: 0007-1447
Scott G, Presswood E, 2012, CHRISTMAS 2012: TOMORROW'S WORLD Case report of E.T.-The Extra-Terrestrial, BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 345, ISSN: 1756-1833
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- Citations: 1
Scott G, Presswood E, 2012, Case report of E.T.--the extra-terrestrial., BMJ, Vol: 345
Hellyer PJ, Shanahan MP, Scott G, et al., 2012, Global network dynamics during task based activity in the brain., Organisation for Human Brain Mapping
Hellyer PJ, Shanahan MP, Scott G, et al., 2012, Global network dynamics during task based activity in the brain., British Association of Cognitive Neuroscience
Scott G, Vijayan R, Male P, 2011, CHRISTMAS 2011: PROFESSIONAL MATTERS Relevance of the expression "obs stable" in nursing observations: retrospective study, BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 343, ISSN: 0959-535X
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- Citations: 1
Scott G, Hellyer PJ, Shanahan M, et al., 2011, From structural networks to functional networks via coupled oscillators, Neuroscience 2011
Scott GPT, Shah P, Wyatt JC, et al., 2011, Making electronic prescribing alerts more effective: scenario-based experimental study in junior doctors, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION, Vol: 18, Pages: 789-798, ISSN: 1067-5027
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- Citations: 40
Scott G, Cross F, 2010, Reducing insulin errors Try electronic prescribing, BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 341, ISSN: 1756-1833
Scott G, Cross F, 2010, Reducing insulin errors. Try electronic prescribing., BMJ, Vol: 341
Komatsu Y, Scott G, Nagy A, et al., 2007, BMP type I receptor ALK2 is essential for proper patterning at late gastrulation during mouse embryogenesis, DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Vol: 236, Pages: 512-517, ISSN: 1058-8388
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- Citations: 30
Komatsu Y, Fukuda T, Scott G, et al., 2006, Enhanced BMP signaling through a type I BMP receptor ALK2 shows ectopic cartilage formation in mouse craniofacial portion, 65th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Developmental-Biology, Publisher: ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, Pages: 399-399, ISSN: 0012-1606
Kavagiou Z, Bello F, Scott G, et al., 2005, Facial Plastic Surgery Planning Using a 3D Surface Deformation Tool, MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY 13: THE MAGICAL NEXT BECOMES THE MEDICAL NOW, Vol: 111, Pages: 247-250, ISSN: 0926-9630
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- Citations: 7
Kavagiou Z, Bello F, Scott G, et al., 2005, Facial plastic surgery planning using a 3D surface deformation tool, Stud Health Technol Inform, Vol: 111, Pages: 247-250, ISSN: 0926-9630
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