Publications
28 results found
Lai HTM, Chang K, Sharabiani MTA, et al., 2023, Twenty-year trajectories of cardio-metabolic factors among people with type 2 diabetes by dementia status in England: a retrospective cohort study, European Journal of Epidemiology, Vol: 38, Pages: 733-744, ISSN: 0393-2990
To assess 20-year retrospective trajectories of cardio-metabolic factors preceding dementia diagnosis among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We identified 227,145 people with T2D aged > 42 years between 1999 and 2018. Annual mean levels of eight routinely measured cardio-metabolic factors were extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Multivariable multilevel piecewise and non-piecewise growth curve models assessed retrospective trajectories of cardio-metabolic factors by dementia status from up to 19 years preceding dementia diagnosis (dementia) or last contact with healthcare (no dementia). 23,546 patients developed dementia; mean (SD) follow-up was 10.0 (5.8) years. In the dementia group, mean systolic blood pressure increased 16-19 years before dementia diagnosis compared with patients without dementia, but declined more steeply from 16 years before diagnosis, while diastolic blood pressure generally declined at similar rates. Mean body mass index followed a steeper non-linear decline from 11 years before diagnosis in the dementia group. Mean blood lipid levels (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL) and glycaemic measures (fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c) were generally higher in the dementia group compared with those without dementia and followed similar patterns of change. However, absolute group differences were small. Differences in levels of cardio-metabolic factors were observed up to two decades prior to dementia diagnosis. Our findings suggest that a long follow-up is crucial to minimise reverse causation arising from changes in cardio-metabolic factors during preclinical dementia. Future investigations which address associations between cardiometabolic factors and dementia should account for potential non-linear relationships and consider the timeframe when measurements are taken.
Otto MCDO, Wu JHY, Thacker EL, et al., 2023, Circulating Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia in Older Adults, JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE, Vol: 95, Pages: 965-979, ISSN: 1387-2877
Vamos EP, Lai H, Sharabiani M, et al., 2022, Cardio-metabolic factors and risk of dementia in people with type 2 diabetes in England: a large retrospective cohort study, DUK, Publisher: SPRINGER, Pages: S402-S403, ISSN: 0012-186X
Wang M, Wang Z, Lee Y, et al., 2022, Dietary Meat, Trimethylamine N-Oxide-Related Metabolites, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study, ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY, Vol: 42, Pages: E273-E288, ISSN: 1079-5642
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- Citations: 7
Lai H, Sharma A, Chang K, et al., 2022, COMPARISON OF SEX-SPECIFIC HISTORICAL CARDIOMETABOLIC TRAJECTORIES IN T2D PATIENTS BY DEMENTIA STATUS IN ENGLAND, DUK, Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A1-A2, ISSN: 0143-005X
Fretts AM, Hazen SL, Jensen P, et al., 2022, Association of Trimethylamine <i>N</i>-Oxide and Metabolites With Mortality in Older Adults, JAMA NETWORK OPEN, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2574-3805
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- Citations: 8
Lai H, Sharma A, Chang K, et al., 2022, Historical cardiometabolic trajectories in T2D patients by dementia status in England by sex, ethnicity, and deprivation, DUK, Publisher: ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, ISSN: 0168-8227
Sharma A, Lai H, Chang K, et al., 2022, A 20-year follow-up of cardiometabolic trajectories amongst individuals with type 2 diabetes before dementia diagnosis by ethnic group, DUK, Publisher: WILEY, ISSN: 0742-3071
Lai H, Imamura F, Ardisson Korat A, et al., 2022, Trans fatty acid biomarkers and incident type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of 12 prospective cohort studies in the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE), Diabetes Care, Vol: 45, Pages: 854-863, ISSN: 0149-5992
Objective: Trans-fatty acids (TFAs) have harmful biologic effects that could increase risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but evidence remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the prospective associations of TFAs biomarkers and T2D by conducting an individual participant-level pooled analysis.Research design and methods: We included data from an international consortium of 12 prospective cohorts and nested case-control studies from six nations. TFA biomarkers were measured in blood collected between 1990-2008 from 25,126 participants aged ≥18 years without prevalent diabetes. Each cohort conducted de novo harmonized analyses using a pre-specified protocol, and findings were pooled using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was explored by prespecified between-study and within-study characteristics.Results: During mean follow-up of 13.5 years, 2,843 cases of incident T2D were identified. In multivariable-adjusted pooled analyses, no significant associations with T2D were identified for trans/trans-18:2, RR, 95%CI: 1.09 (0.94-1.25), cis/trans-18:2, 0.89 (0.73-1.07), and trans/cis-18:2, 0.87 (0.73-1.03). Trans-16:1n-9, total trans-18:1, and total trans-18:2 were inversely associated with T2D (RR, 95%CI: 0.81, 0.67-0.99; 0.86, 0.75-0.99; and 0.84, 0.74-0.96, respectively). Findings were not significantly different according to pre-specified sources of potential heterogeneity (each P ≥0.1).Conclusion: Circulating individual trans-18:2 TFA biomarkers were not associated with risk of T2D, while trans-16:1n-9, total trans-18:1, and total trans-18:2 were inversely associated. Findings may reflect the influence of mixed TFA sources (industrial vs. natural ruminant), a general decline in TFA exposure due to policy changes during this period, or the relatively limited range of TFA levels.
Otto MCDO, Li XS, Wang Z, et al., 2022, Longitudinal Associations of Plasma TMAO and Related Metabolites with Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study, JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE, Vol: 89, Pages: 1439-1452, ISSN: 1387-2877
Lee Y, Nemet I, Wang Z, et al., 2021, Longitudinal plasma measures of trimethylamine N-Oxide and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events in community-based older adults, Journal of the American Heart Association, Vol: 10, Pages: 1-21, ISSN: 2047-9980
BackgroundTrimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota‐dependent metabolite of dietary choline, L‐carnitine, and phosphatidylcholine‐rich foods. On the basis of experimental studies and patients with prevalent disease, elevated plasma TMAO may increase risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). TMAO is also renally cleared and may interact with and causally contribute to renal dysfunction. Yet, how serial TMAO levels relate to incident and recurrent ASCVD in community‐based populations and the potential mediating or modifying role of renal function are not established.Methods and ResultsWe investigated associations of serial measures of plasma TMAO, assessed at baseline and 7 years, with incident and recurrent ASCVD in a community‐based cohort of 4131 (incident) and 1449 (recurrent) older US adults. TMAO was measured using stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (laboratory coefficient of variation, <6%). Incident ASCVD (myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, stroke, sudden cardiac death, or other atherosclerotic death) was centrally adjudicated using medical records. Risk was assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, including time‐varying demographics, lifestyle factors, medical history, laboratory measures, and dietary habits. Potential mediating effects and interaction by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were assessed. During prospective follow‐up, 1766 incident and 897 recurrent ASCVD events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, higher levels of TMAO were associated with a higher risk of incident ASCVD, with extreme quintile hazard ratio (HR) compared with the lowest quintile=1.21 (95% CI, 1.02–1.42; P‐trend=0.029). This relationship appeared mediated or confounded by eGFR (eGFR‐adjusted HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.90–1.27), as well as modified by eGFR (P‐interaction <0.001). High levels of TMAO were associated with higher incidence of ASCVD in the
Lai H, Chang K, Sharabiani M, et al., 2021, 19-YEAR TRAJECTORIES OF CARDIO-METABOLIC FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES BY DEMENTIA STATUS IN ENGLAND, EDC, Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A12-A12, ISSN: 0143-005X
Bockus LB, Biggs ML, Lai HTM, et al., 2021, Assessment of Plasma Phospholipid Very-Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acid Levels and Healthy Aging, JAMA NETWORK OPEN, Vol: 4, ISSN: 2574-3805
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- Citations: 5
Qian F, Korat AVA, Imamura F, et al., 2021, n-3 fatty acid biomarkers and incident Type 2 diabetes: an individual participant-level pooling project of 20 prospective cohort studies, Diabetes Care, Vol: 44, Pages: 1133-1142, ISSN: 0149-5992
OBJECTIVEProspective associations between n-3 fatty acid biomarkers and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk are not consistent in individual studies. We aimed to summarize the prospective associations of biomarkers of α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with T2D risk through an individual participant-level pooled analysis.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSFor our analysis we incorporated data from a global consortium of 20 prospective studies from 14 countries. We included 65,147 participants who had blood measurements of ALA, EPA, DPA, or DHA and were free of diabetes at baseline. De novo harmonized analyses were performed in each cohort following a prespecified protocol, and cohort-specific associations were pooled using inverse variance–weighted meta-analysis.RESULTSA total of 16,693 incident T2D cases were identified during follow-up (median follow-up ranging from 2.5 to 21.2 years). In pooled multivariable analysis, per interquintile range (difference between the 90th and 10th percentiles for each fatty acid), EPA, DPA, DHA, and their sum were associated with lower T2D incidence, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of 0.92 (0.87, 0.96), 0.79 (0.73, 0.85), 0.82 (0.76, 0.89), and 0.81 (0.75, 0.88), respectively (all P < 0.001). ALA was not associated with T2D (HR 0.97 [95% CI 0.92, 1.02]) per interquintile range. Associations were robust across prespecified subgroups as well as in sensitivity analyses.CONCLUSIONSHigher circulating biomarkers of seafood-derived n-3 fatty acids, including EPA, DPA, DHA, and their sum, were associated with lower risk of T2D in a global consortium of prospective studies. The biomarker of plant-derived ALA was not significantly associated with T2D risk.
Harris WS, Tintle NL, Imamura F, et al., 2021, Blood n-3 fatty acid levels and total and cause-specific mortality from 17 prospective studies, Nature Communications, Vol: 12, ISSN: 2041-1723
The health effects of omega-3 fatty acids have been controversial. Here we report the results of a de novo pooled analysis conducted with data from 17 prospective cohort studies examining the associations between blood omega-3 fatty acid levels and risk for all-cause mortality. Over a median of 16 years of follow-up, 15,720 deaths occurred among 42,466 individuals. We found that, after multivariable adjustment for relevant risk factors, risk for death from all causes was significantly lower (by 15–18%, at least p < 0.003) in the highest vs the lowest quintile for circulating long chain (20–22 carbon) omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids). Similar relationships were seen for death from cardiovascular disease, cancer and other causes. No associations were seen with the 18-carbon omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid. These findings suggest that higher circulating levels of marine n-3 PUFA are associated with a lower risk of premature death.
Vamos EP, Lai H, Sharabiani M, et al., 2021, 20-year trajectories of cardiometabolic factors among patients with type 2 diabetes before diagnosis of dementia in England, DUK, Publisher: WILEY, ISSN: 0742-3071
Lee Y, Lai HTM, Otto MCDO, et al., 2020, Serial Biomarkers of De Novo Lipogenesis Fatty Acids and Incident Heart Failure in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, Vol: 9
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- Citations: 19
Lai HTM, de Oliveira Otto MC, Lee Y, et al., 2019, Serial plasma phospholipid fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis pathway and total mortality, cause‐specific mortality, and cardiovascular diseases in the cardiovascular health study, Journal of the American Heart Association, Vol: 8, Pages: 1-45, ISSN: 2047-9980
BackgroundSynthesized fatty acids (FAs) from de novo lipogenesis may affect cardiometabolic health, but longitudinal associations between serially measured de novo lipogenesis–related fatty acid biomarkers and mortality or cardiovascular disease (CVD) are not well established.Methods and ResultsWe investigated longitudinal associations between de novo lipogenesis–related fatty acids with all‐cause mortality, cause‐specific mortality, and incident CVD among 3869 older US adults, mean (SD) age 75 (5) years and free of prevalent CVD at baseline. Levels of plasma phospholipid palmitic (16:0), palmitoleic (16:1n‐7), stearic (18:0), oleic acid (18:1n‐9), and other risk factors were serially measured at baseline, 6 years, and 13 years. All‐cause mortality, cause‐specific mortality, and incident fatal and nonfatal CVD were centrally adjudicated. Risk was assessed in multivariable‐adjusted Cox models with time‐varying FAs and covariates. During 13 years, median follow‐up (maximum 22.4 years), participants experienced 3227 deaths (1131 CVD, 2096 non‐CVD) and 1753 incident CVD events. After multivariable adjustment, higher cumulative levels of 16:0, 16:1n‐7, and 18:1n‐9 were associated with higher all‐cause mortality, with extreme‐quintile hazard ratios (95% CIs) of 1.35 (1.17–1.56), 1.40 (1.21–1.62), and 1.56 (1.35–1.80), respectively, whereas higher levels of 18:0 were associated with lower mortality (hazard ratio=0.76; 95% CI=0.66–0.88). Associations were generally similar for CVD mortality versus non‐CVD mortality, as well as total incident CVD. Changes in levels of 16:0 were positively, and 18:0 inversely, associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio=1.23, 95% CI=1.08–1.41; and hazard ratio=0.78, 95% CI=0.68–0.90).ConclusionsHigher long‐term levels of 16:0, 16:1n‐7, and 18:1n‐9 and changes in 16:0 were positively, whereas long‐term levels and changes in 18:0 were inversely, associated with all‐cause mortality in older a
Lai HT, Hutchinson J, Evans CEL, 2019, Non-milk extrinsic sugars intake and food and nutrient consumption patterns among adolescents in the UK national diet and nutrition survey, years 2008–16, Nutrients, Vol: 11, Pages: 1621-1621, ISSN: 2072-6643
The revised guidelines from the Department of Health (DoH) in the UK state that mean population intakes of free sugars should be below 5% of the total energy (TE) consumption of the British population. However, very few studies have assessed the impact of this recommendation on diet quality in the UK. We explored the dietary patterns and intakes of micronutrients of British adolescents with low intakes of non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) (similar to free sugars but not equal, with slight differences in the categorisation of fruit sugars from dried, stewed or canned fruit and smoothies), using the National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme, years 1–8 (NDNS RP). The sample included 2587 adolescents aged 11–18 years. Four percent (112) of adolescents reported consuming 5% or lower NMES as a proportion of TE. The odds of being categorised as a low-sugar consumer in adolescents (≤5% TE from NMES) were significantly lower with higher intakes of sweetened drinks, fruit juice, cakes, biscuits, sugar and sweet spreads, chocolate confectionery and sugar confectionery, and significantly higher with higher intakes of pasta and rice, wholemeal and brown bread, and fish. Across the five categories of NMES intakes, micronutrient intakes were lowest for those consuming either ≤5% TE or more than 20% TE from NMES, and optimal for those consuming between 10–15% of energy from NMES. These findings confirm the difficulties of meeting the free sugars recommended intake for adolescents. Care needs to be taken to ensure that an adequate consumption of micronutrients is achieved in those adhering to the revised guidelines on free sugars.
Lai H, Imamura F, Korat AA, et al., 2019, Trans fatty acid biomarkers and incident Type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis from 10 prospective cohort studies in the fatty acids and outcome research consortium (FORCE) (OR33-02-19), Current Developments in Nutrition, Vol: 3, ISSN: 2475-2991
ObjectivesTo assess prospective association between circulating biomarkers of individual trans fatty acids (TFAs) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) in diverse populations.MethodsA harmonized analysis of individual level data was conducted for TFA biomarkers and incident T2D by pooling ten prospective cohort or nested-case-control studies from five countries (Australia, Germany, Iceland, UK, and USA). Fatty acids (FAs) were measured in plasma phospholipid, red blood cell membrane phospholipid, or total plasma collected between 1990–2008 from 22,711 participants aged ≥18 years without prevalent diabetes. Evaluated TFAs included trans-16:1n-9, sum of trans-18:1 isomers (trans-18:1n6 to trans-18:1n12), sum of trans-18:2 isomers (cis/trans-18:2, trans/cis-18:2, trans/trans-18:2), and individual trans-18:2 isomers. The multivariable-adjusted relative risk or odds ratio was estimated in each cohort by lipid compartments using a pre-specified protocol for definitions of exposures, covariates, and outcomes for statistical analysis. Association estimates were pooled using fixed-effects inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis.ResultsDuring an average maximum of 14 years of follow-up, 2244 cases of incident T2D were identified. Median levels of TFAs across cohorts were 0.05–0.18% total FAs for trans-16:1n-9, 0.09–2.05% for total trans-18:1, 0.10–0.73% for total trans-18:2, and 0.01–0.36% for individual trans-18:2 isomers. In overall pooled analysis, TFAs evaluated per inter-quintile range were not significantly associated with risk of T2D (Figure 1). Findings were consistent when TFAs were assessed categorically in study specific-quintiles, and when associations were pooled within lipid compartment (i.e., phospholipids vs. total plasma).ConclusionsOverall, biomarker levels of TFAs were not significantly associated with risk of incident T2D in this international pooling project. Findings may be due to mixed TFA sources (industrial vs. ruminant)
de Oliveira Otto MC, Wu JH, Thacker EL, et al., 2019, Abstract 046: Longitudinal Associations of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Plasma Phospholipid Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids With Dementia in Older Adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study, Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), ISSN: 0009-7322
<jats:p> <jats:bold>Background:</jats:bold> Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential nutrients for normal brain function, constituting nearly 35% of brain lipids. Experimental studies suggest that omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA, present in plant foods and fish, may reduce risk of dementia. Most prior studies assessed self-reported estimates and used one baseline measure of objective PUFA biomarkers, which may lead to poor estimation of long-term risk. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:bold>Aims:</jats:bold> Investigate prospective associations of serial measures of plasma phospholipid omega-3 (ALA [18:3], EPA [20:5], DPA [22:5], DHA [22:6]) and omega-6 (LA [18:2], AA [20:4]) PUFA with risk of total dementia and dementia subtypes (Alzheimer’s Disease [AD] and vascular and mixed dementia [VaD]) in older adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:bold>Methods:</jats:bold> Among 3,307 U.S. adults aged ≥65y and free of stroke, cognitive impairment or dementia at baseline, circulating levels were measured serially at baseline, 6 years and 13 years using standardized methods. Dementia was identified using neuropsychological tests or hospitalization records adjudicated by CHS Cognition Study investigators, and by ICD-9 codes from linked Medicare administrative data. Prospective associations were assessed by multivariate-adjusted Cox models incorporating time-varying fatty acid measures and covariates. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:bold>Results:</jats:bold> During 22,288 person-years of follow-up (1992-2015), 1,164 dementia cases were identified, with 530 AD and 256 VaD cases. After adjustment for demographic, lifestyle and dietary factors, higher circulating levels of AA were associated with lower risk of total dementia and
Qian F, Ardisson Korat AV, Imamura F, et al., 2019, Abstract 034: Omega-3 Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: An Individual Participant-level Pooling Project of 20 Prospective Cohort Studies, Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), ISSN: 0009-7322
<jats:p> <jats:bold>Background:</jats:bold> Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are unclear. Relatively few prospective studies have utilized objective omega-3 biomarkers to assess risk. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:bold>Aims:</jats:bold> To assess the prospective relationship between circulating and tissue levels of alpha linoleic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with respect to risk of T2D. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:bold>Methods:</jats:bold> A global consortium of 20 prospective cohort studies from 14 nations with assessments of ALA, EPA, DPA, or DHA in adults (age > 18 years) were identified through July 2017 and included in this investigation. A pre-specified analytic protocol, including definitions for exposures, covariate list, disease outcome definitions, and subgroup analyses was developed and followed in new participant-level cohort analysis. Associations were pooled using inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:bold>Results:</jats:bold> Among 65,147 participants, 16,693 incident cases of T2D occurred during follow-up (median follow-up in the cohorts ranged from 2.5 to 21.2 years). In pooled multivariate analysis, per interquintile range (difference between the midpoints of the first and fifth quintile for each fatty acid), EPA, DPA, DHA, and their sum ( <jats:bold>Figure 1</jats:bold> ) were associated with 8%, 21%, 18%, and 19% lower risk of T2D, respectively (all <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <0.001). Higher levels of ALA were not significantly associated with T2D. Associations were consistent across different lipid compa
, 2018, Serial circulating omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and healthy ageing among older adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study: prospective cohort study, BMJ, Pages: k4445-k4445, ISSN: 0959-8138
Lai HTM, de Oliveira Otto MC, Lemaitre RN, et al., 2018, Serial circulating omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and healthy ageing among older adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study: prospective cohort study, BMJ, Vol: 363, Pages: 1-12, ISSN: 0959-8138
Objective To determine the longitudinal association between serial biomarker measures of circulating omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3-PUFA) levels and healthy ageing.Design Prospective cohort study.Setting Four communities in the United States (Cardiovascular Health Study) from 1992 to 2015.Participants 2622 adults with a mean (SD) age of 74.4 (4.8) and with successful healthy ageing at baseline in 1992-93.Exposure Cumulative levels of plasma phospholipid n3-PUFAs were measured using gas chromatography in 1992-93, 1998-99, and 2005-06, expressed as percentage of total fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid from plants and eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid from seafoood.Main outcome measure Healthy ageing defined as survival without chronic diseases (ie, cardiovascular disease, cancer, lung disease, and severe chronic kidney disease), the absence of cognitive and physical dysfunction, or death from other causes not part of the healthy ageing outcome after age 65. Events were centrally adjudicated or determined from medical records and diagnostic tests.Results Higher levels of long chain n3-PUFAs were associated with an 18% lower risk (95% confidence interval 7% to 28%) of unhealthy ageing per interquintile range after multivariable adjustments with time-varying exposure and covariates. Individually, higher eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid (but not docosahexaenoic acid) levels were associated with a lower risk: 15% (6% to 23%) and 16% (6% to 25%), respectively. α-linolenic acid from plants was not noticeably associated with unhealthy ageing (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 1.02).Conclusions In older adults, a higher cumulative level of serially measured circulating n3-PUFAs from seafood (eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid), eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid (but not docosahexaenoic acid from seafood or α-linolenic acid from
Lai H, de Oliveira Otto M, Wu J, et al., 2018, Abstract MP06: Circulating Fatty Acids in the De Novo Lipogenesis Pathway and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study, Circulation, ISSN: 0009-7322
Burley VJ, Lai HT, Evans CEL, 2017, Adherence to sugars guidelines and micronutrient intakes in UK adult participants of the National Diet & Nutrition Survey (2008/09–2011/12), Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, Vol: 76, ISSN: 0029-6651
Lai HTM, Threapleton DE, Day AJ, et al., 2015, Fruit intake and cardiovascular disease mortality in the UK Women's Cohort Study, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, Vol: 30, Pages: 1035-1048, ISSN: 0393-2990
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Lai HT, Threapleton DE, Day AJ, et al., 2014, OP12 Total Fruit Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in The UK Women’s Cohort Study (UKWCS), Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol: 68, Pages: A9.2-A9, ISSN: 0143-005X
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