Publications
443 results found
Mathias SA, Ireson AM, Butler AP, et al., 2011, Characterisation of radionuclide migration and plant uptake for performance assessment, Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXXI, Pages: 681-688
Wheater HS, McIntyre N, Jackson B, et al., 2011, Multiscale impacts of land management on flooding, Flood Risk Science and Management, Editors: Pender, Faulkner, Pender, Faulkner, Oxford, UK, Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, Pages: 39-59, ISBN: 978-1405186575
Wheater HS, Graham JD, Pocock M, et al., 2011, Water supply systems, Water distribution systems, Editors: Savic, Banyard, London, UK, Publisher: ICE Publishing, Pages: 73-110
Kigobe M, McIntyre N, Wheater H, et al., 2011, Multi-site stochastic modelling of daily rainfall in Uganda, HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES, Vol: 56, Pages: 17-33, ISSN: 0262-6667
Wheater HS, 2011, Flood hazard, floodplain policy and food management, Water Resources Planning and Management, Pages: 649-670, ISBN: 9780521762588
Introduction Floods are one of the world's most damaging and dangerous natural hazards. Jonkman (2005) estimated that, in the last decade of the twentieth century, fluvial and other drainage-related floods killed 100 000 and affected 1.4 billion people. Economic losses from floods are difficult to estimate precisely, but are large and increasing. Barredo (2009) estimated annual average losses for Europe to be $3.8 billion over the period 1970–2006 (at 2006 values), and UNESCO (2009) noted that losses from extreme events rose 10-fold between the 1950s and 1990s in real terms. Flood protection and flood management are therefore seen as important issues by society, and associated infrastructure and management systems represent large and ongoing investment (in the UK, annual expenditure on flood defence is of the order of £800 million). However, flood risk management is a complex and multi-faceted issue. Floods are part of the natural functioning of fluvial systems. This has important implications. Firstly, to understand flood response and to manage flood risk, there is a need for awareness of the nature of and controls on catchment response, including the effects of human interventions. Secondly, floods are essential for the maintenance of aquatic and riparian habitats, and hence a holistic assessment of flood management is necessary, including broader environmental considerations such as geomorphological and hydro-ecological aspects. There may therefore be tensions between the need to protect infrastructure and risk to life on the one hand and the need to maintain natural ecosystem function on the other.
Ward E, Buytaert W, Peaver L, et al., 2011, Evaluation of precipitation products over complex mountainous terrain: a water resources perspective, Advances in Water Resources, Vol: 34, Pages: 1222-1231
Wheater H, McIntyre N, Jackson B, et al., 2010, Multi-scale impacts of land management on flooding, Flood Management Handbook
Wheater HS, 2010, Groundwater modelling in arid and semi-arid areas, Cambridge, Publisher: Cambridge University Press, ISBN: 9780521111294
Pechlivanidis IG, McIntyre NR, Wheater HS, 2010, Calibration of the semi-distributed PDM rainfall-runoff model in the Upper Lee catchment, UK, JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY, Vol: 386, Pages: 198-209, ISSN: 0022-1694
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- Citations: 39
Wheater HS, 2010, Hydrological processes, groundwater recharge and surface-water/groundwater interactions in arid and semi-arid areas, Groundwater Modelling in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, Pages: 5-20, ISBN: 9780521111294
The traditional development of water resources in arid areas has relied heavily on the use of groundwater. Groundwater uses natural storage, is spatially distributed and, in climates where potential evaporation rates can be of the order of metres per year, provides protection from the high evaporation losses experienced by surface-water systems. Traditional methods for the exploitation of groundwater have been varied, including the use of very shallow groundwater in seasonally replenished riverbed aquifers (as in the sand rivers of Botswana), the channelling of unconfined alluvial groundwater in afalaj (or qanats) in Oman and Iran, and the use of hand-dug wells. Historically, abstraction rates were limited by the available technology, and rates of development were low, so that exploitation was generally sustainable. However, in recent decades, pump capacities have dramatically increased and hence agricultural use of water has grown rapidly, while the increasing concentration of populations in urban areas has meant that large-scale well fields have been developed for urban water supply. A common picture in arid areas is that groundwater levels are in rapid decline; in many instances this is accompanied by decreasing water quality, particularly in coastal aquifers where saline intrusion is a threat. Associated with population growth, economic development and increased agricultural intensification, pollution has also become an increasing problem. The integrated assessment and management of groundwater resources is essential so that aquifer systems can be protected from pollution and over-exploitation.
Mathias SA, Wheater HS, 2010, Groundwater modelling in arid and semi-arid areas: An introduction, Groundwater Modelling in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, Pages: 1-4, ISBN: 9780521111294
Water resources globally face unprecedented challenges, but these are at their greatest in the world's arid and semi-arid regions. Recent IPCC estimates (Kundzewicz et al., 2007) state that between 1.4 and 2.1 billion people live in areas of water stress; those numbers are expected to increase significantly under the pressures of population growth and climate change. By definition, arid and semi-arid regions have limited natural water resources, and precipitation and runoff have very high variability in space and time. Traditional societies recognised these characteristics and developed sustainable water management solutions. In higher rainfall areas, for example in the mountains of northern Yemen and Greek islands such as Cephalonia, rainwater was harvested from roofs and paved surfaces and stored for household or community use. In desert areas, such as Arabia's ‘empty quarter’, with infrequent, spatially localised rainfall, nomadic communities would follow rainfall occurrence, using water from surface storage or shallow groundwater for a few months to support themselves and their livestock, before moving on. For agriculture, terraced systems were developed to focus infiltration to provide soil moisture for crop water needs (as in the mountains of Northern Oman and Yemen), and earth dams were built to divert flash floods onto agricultural land for surface irrigation (as in South West Saudi Arabia). In parts of the Middle East, groundwater was extracted sustainably using qanats (Iran) or afalaj (Oman), ancient systems of tunnels for gravity drainage of groundwater, developed over centuries or longer.
Segond M-L, Wheater HS, Onof C, 2010, Investigation of the performance of a simple rainfall disaggregation scheme using semi-distributed hydrological modelling of the Lee catchment, UK, HYDROLOGY RESEARCH, Vol: 41, Pages: 134-144, ISSN: 1998-9563
Howden NJK, Neal C, Wheater HS, et al., 2010, Water quality of lowland, permeable Chalk rivers: the Frome and Piddle catchments, west Dorset, UK, HYDROLOGY RESEARCH, Vol: 41, Pages: 75-91, ISSN: 1998-9563
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- Citations: 5
Kenabatho PK, McIntyre NR, Wheater HS, 2009, Impacts of rainfall uncertainty on water resource planning models in the Upper Limpopo basin, Botswana, Pages: 320-329, ISSN: 0144-7815
In water resource planning in semi-arid Africa and comparable regions, uncertainty is high due to limitations in historic observations, uncertainty in hydrological models, uncertainty over future demands for water, and uncertain influences of future climate and hydrological change. The uncertainty in the future supply-demand balance should be considered in planning decisions, as it affects the risk associated with any planning option, and can help identify priorities for data collection. Focusing on rainfall and hydrological uncertainty, this paper outlines a framework of uncertainty analysis, which allows such consideration to be given. The framework consists of multi-site continuous time stochastic rainfall modelling to infill historic rainfall data. The stochastic infiuing of rainfall data allows calibration of a hydrological model under input uncertainty. The rainfall model, together with the uncertain hydrological model, is then used to generate multiple realisations of reservoir inflow over a 100-year period. This framework is applied to the Upper Limpopo basin in Botswana, using 25 years of observed daily rainfall and flow data for model calibration. A generalised linear model was used for the rainfall and a semi-distributed version of the IHACRES model was used for the hydrology. A proposed 382 × 106 m3 reservoir at the outlet of this catchment, which is part of Botswana's national water resource strategy, is re-evaluated in light of the extended inflow data and the estimated uncertainty. Results show that the uncertainty has a considerable effect on the reliability of the reservoir for example, the proportion of time for which demand for water was not met ranged from 0 to 13% over the different flow realisations. The main assumptions made, to be addressed in our future research, are stationanty of climate and that all the hydrological uncertainty arises from the historic rainfall uncertainty due to missing data. © 2009 IAHS Press.
Wheater H, Evans E, 2009, Land use, water management and future flood risk, LAND USE POLICY, Vol: 26, Pages: S251-S264, ISSN: 0264-8377
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- Citations: 315
Elshamy ME, Wheater HS, 2009, Performance assessment of a GCM land surface scheme using a fine-scale calibrated hydrological model: an evaluation of MOSES for the Nile Basin, HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES, Vol: 23, Pages: 1548-1564, ISSN: 0885-6087
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- Citations: 8
Chun KP, Wheater HS, Onof CJ, 2009, Streamflow estimation for six UK catchments under future climate scenarios, HYDROLOGY RESEARCH, Vol: 40, Pages: 96-112, ISSN: 0029-1277
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- Citations: 21
Marshall MR, Francis OJ, Frogbrook ZL, et al., 2009, The impact of upland land management on flooding: results from an improved pasture hillslope, HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES, Vol: 23, Pages: 464-475, ISSN: 0885-6087
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- Citations: 67
Chun KP, 2009, Streamflow estimation for six UK Catchments under future climate scenarios, Hydrology Research
Bulygina N, McIntyre N, Wheater H, 2009, Conditioning rainfall-runoff model parameters for ungauged catchments and land management impacts analysis, HESS, Vol: 13, Pages: 893-904
Ireson AM, Mathias SA, Wheater HS, et al., 2009, A model for flow in the Chalk unsaturated zone incorporating progressive weathering, J HYDROL, Vol: 365, Pages: 244-260, ISSN: 0022-1694
Pechlivanidis IG, McIntyre N, Wheater HS, 2008, The significance of spatial variability of rainfall on runoff, Pages: 478-485
A key issue in rainfall-runoff modelling is to assess the importance of the spatial representation of rainfall on streamflow generation. Distributed models have the potential to represent the effects of spatially variable inputs such as rainfall making them an appropriate tool to investigate the role of spatial rainfall on runoff. This paper explores the importance of spatial rainfall representation for rainfall-runoff modelling as a function of catchment scale and type. The study investigated the effect of catchment scale and type using 9 gauged catchments ranging in size from 30 to 1040 km 2. Regional relationships between known catchment characteristics and model parameters have been developed to overcome the task of estimating model parameter values at ungauged subcatchments. The results indicate the importance of considering the effect of spatial rainfall in most of the catchments with the significance of spatial effects increasing at small spatial scales. Finally, the importance of spatial variability is enhanced when impermeable areas are investigated.
Orellana B, Pechlivanidis IG, McIntyre N, et al., 2008, A toolbox for the identification of parsimonious Semi-Distributed Rainfall-Runoff models: Application to the Upper Lee catchment, Pages: 670-677
In operational hydrology identification of an appropriate model structure and suitable parameter sets for a specific catchment is a challenging task. This identification process is often based on data availability, catchment characteristics and modelling objectives, and will often result in a range of different model structures. This process of model identification becomes even more challenging when moving from lumped to distributed models as the potential number of model parameters increases proportionally to the number of spatial units considered, and due to the existence of ungauged spatial units. A Semi-Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Modelling Toolbox (RRMT-SD) has been developed to estimate continuous streamflow at points along the river system using conceptual and hybrid representations of the rainfall-runoff processes which vary from low to medium model complexity. The user can easily implement different model structures and calibration strategies, considering multiple objective functions and Monte Carlo analysis. To show the potential of the toolbox a case study on the Upper Lee catchment (1040 km 2), UK, using hourly time-steps is presented. The study area was divided into gauged subcatchments and each one of them represented through smaller spatial units of similar areas. Different model structures were applied on the spatial units using estimated a priori parameter values based on a simple regression method. The models were calibrated using spatial multipliers to adjust the a priori parameter values to the scale of the spatial units. Results showed that for different types of subcatchments (low and high base flow types) two soil moisture model structures (the Probability Distributed Moisture Model and the Catchment Wetness Index, respectively) were justified, and that parsimonious semi-distributed rainfall-runoff models on the Upper Lee catchment can perform reasonably well for a single criteria (e.g. average NSE values of 0.74).
Jackson BM, Wheater HS, Mcintyre NR, et al., 2008, The impact of upland land management on flooding: insights from a multiscale experimental and modelling programme, JOURNAL OF FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT, Vol: 1, Pages: 71-80, ISSN: 1753-318X
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- Citations: 50
Al-Qurashi A, McIntyre N, Wheater H, et al., 2008, Application of the Kineros2 rainfall-runoff model to an arid catchment in Oman, JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY, Vol: 355, Pages: 91-105, ISSN: 0022-1694
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- Citations: 64
Jackson BM, Browne CA, Butler AP, et al., 2008, Nitrate transport in Chalk catchments: monitoring, modelling and policy implications, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY, Vol: 11, Pages: 125-135, ISSN: 1462-9011
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- Citations: 53
Makropoulos C, Koutsoyiannis D, Stanic M, et al., 2008, A multi-model approach to the simulation of large scale karst flows, JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY, Vol: 348, Pages: 412-424, ISSN: 0022-1694
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- Citations: 22
Mathias SA, Butler AP, Wheater HS, 2008, Modelling radioiodine transport across a capillary fringe, J ENV RAD, Vol: 99, Pages: 716-729, ISSN: 0265-931X
Wheater HS, McIntyre N, Wagener T, 2008, Calibration, uncertainty, and regional analysis of conceptual rainfall-runoff models, HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREAS, Publisher: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, Pages: 99-111
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- Citations: 1
Wheater HS, 2008, Modelling hydrological processes in arid and semi-arid areas: an introduction to the workshop, HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREAS, Publisher: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, Pages: 1-20
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- Citations: 19
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