Publications
73 results found
Kuhnle GGC, Vogiatzoglou A, Ward HA, et al., 2011, Dietary phytoestrogens and health - a population study, Publisher: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, Pages: E254-E254, ISSN: 0029-6651
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- Citations: 2
Ward HA, Kuhnle GGC, 2010, Phytoestrogen consumption and association with breast, prostate and colorectal cancer in EPIC Norfolk, ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS, Vol: 501, Pages: 170-175, ISSN: 0003-9861
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- Citations: 32
Tarasuk V, Fitzpatrick S, Ward H, 2010, Nutrition inequities in Canada., Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, Vol: 35, Pages: 172-179, ISSN: 1715-5312
In Canada, increased morbidity and shorter life expectancy have been found among those with lower incomes and lower levels of education, but there has been little examination of socioeconomic variation in food and nutrient intake. Using data from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey, we examined the relationship between household income and education level and adults' and children's intakes of energy, fibre, micronutrients, and number of servings consumed of food groups from Canada's Food Guide. To explore the public health significance of observed associations, we estimated the prevalence of inadequacy for selected nutrients for adults, stratifying by household income, education level, and sex. We found that a higher household income adequacy and (or) higher levels of education were associated with increased consumption of milk and alternatives, and vegetables and fruit, and significantly higher vitamin, mineral, and fibre intakes among both adults and children. The prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes among adults was higher among adults with the lowest level of income adequacy or educational attainment, compared with others. Our results suggest that the nutritional quality of Canadians' food intakes is, in part, a function of their social position. The impact of policy and program interventions needs to be examined across socioeconomic strata to ensure that actions reduce rather than exacerbate nutrition inequities.
Illner A-K, Noethlings U, Wagner K, et al., 2010, The Assessment of Individual Usual Food Intake in Large-Scale Prospective Studies, ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM, Vol: 56, Pages: 99-105, ISSN: 0250-6807
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- Citations: 25
Ward HA, Kuhnle GGC, Mulligan AA, et al., 2010, Breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk in relation to phytoestrogen intake derived from an improved database, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, Vol: 91, Pages: 440-448, ISSN: 0002-9165
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- Citations: 93
Ward H, Mitrou PN, Bowman R, et al., 2009, <i>APOE</i> Genotype, Lipids, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk <i>A Prospective Population Study</i>, ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Vol: 169, Pages: 1424-1429, ISSN: 0003-9926
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- Citations: 68
Kuhnle G, Ward H, Bingham S, 2009, Dietary and biomarker prospective study of phytoestrogens in breast and prostate cancer, CANCER RESEARCH, Vol: 69, ISSN: 0008-5472
Ward H, Chapelais G, Kuhnle GGC, et al., 2008, Lack of prospective associations between plasma and urinary phytoestrogens and risk of prostate or colorectal cancer in the European prospective into Cancer-Norfolk study, CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION, Vol: 17, Pages: 2891-2894, ISSN: 1055-9965
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- Citations: 51
Ward H, Chapelais G, Kuhnle GGC, et al., 2008, Breast cancer risk in relation to urinary and serum biomarkers of phytoestrogen exposure in the European Prospective into Cancer-Norfolk cohort study, BREAST CANCER RESEARCH, Vol: 10, ISSN: 1465-5411
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- Citations: 59
Ward H, Chapelais G, Kuhnle GGC, et al., 2008, Urinary and serum biomarkers of phytoestrogen exposure are not associated with breast cancer risk in the European Prospective into Cancer Norfolk study, Breast Cancer Research Meeting, Publisher: BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, Pages: S28-S28, ISSN: 1465-5411
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- Citations: 3
Ward H, Tarasuk V, Mendelson R, 2007, Adiposity, education and weight loss effort are independently associated with energy reporting quality in the Ontario Food Survey., Public Health Nutr, Vol: 10, Pages: 803-809, ISSN: 1368-9800
OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations of adiposity, dietary restraint and other personal characteristics with energy reporting quality. DESIGN/SUBJECTS: Secondary analysis of 230 women and 158 men from the 1997/98 Ontario Food Survey. METHODS: Energy reporting quality was estimated by ratios of energy intake (EI) to both basal metabolic rate (BMR) and total energy expenditure (TEE). Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine energy reporting quality between two dietary recalls and in relation to body mass index (BMI) with adjustment for potential confounders. Energy reporting quality was explored across categories of age, BMI, income, education, dieting status and food insecurity through analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: From the ANOVA, energy reporting quality was associated with BMI group, age category and weight loss for men and women, as well as with education among women (P 0.05). EI:BMR and EI:TEE on the first and second 24-hour recalls were positively related (P < 0.0001 for men and women). A higher proportion of variance in energy reporting quality was explained for women than for men (R2 = 0.19 and 0.14, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Studies of diet and adiposity are probably hindered to some extent by BMI-related variation in energy reporting quality. Methods to address this issue are urgently needed if population surveys will continue to serve as the primary source of dietary intake data.
Ward H, Tarasuk V, Mendelson R, et al., 2007, An exploration of socioeconomic variation in lifestyle factors and adiposity in the Ontario Food Survey through structural equation modeling., Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, Vol: 4
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic indicators have been inversely associated with overweight and obesity, with stronger associations observed among women. The objective of the present secondary analysis was to examine the relationships among socioeconomic measures and adiposity for men and women participating in the Ontario Food Survey (OFS), and to explore lifestyle factors as potential mediators of these associations. METHODS: The cross-sectional 1997/98 OFS collected anthropometric measurements, a food frequency questionnaire, data on socio-demographics (age, sex, income, and education) and physical activity from 620 women and 467 men, ages 18 to 75. Based on the 2003 Health Canada guidelines, waist circumference and BMI values were used to derive least risk, increased risk, and high risk adiposity groups. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine increased risk and high risk adiposity in relation to education and income, with leisure time physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and smoking status included as potential mediators of these associations. RESULTS: The probability of high risk adiposity was directly associated with education (beta-0.19, p < 0.05) and income (beta-0.22, p < 0.05) for women, but not for men. Fruit and vegetable intake was a marginally significant mediator of the relationship between education and high risk adiposity for women. Increased risk adiposity was not associated with income or education for men or women. CONCLUSION: The socioeconomic context of adiposity continues to differ greatly between men and women. For women only in the OFS, fruit and vegetable intake contributed to the inverse association between education and high risk adiposity; however, additional explanatory factors are yet to be determined.
Ward H, Tarasuk V, Mendelson R, 2007, Socioeconomic patterns of obesity in Canada: modeling the role of health behaviour., Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Vol: 32, Pages: 206-216, ISSN: 1715-5312
Among Canadians, previous research has associated obesity with indicators of socioeconomic position. Several health behaviours have demonstrated similar variation, suggesting that social patterning of obesity may be partially explained by behavioural differences. The objective of this study was to examine obesity in relation to income and education among Canadians, and to characterize the indirect associations potentially occurring through fruit and vegetable intake, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and smoking. The present secondary analysis of the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey was restricted to adults (25-64 y) with measured height and weight data (men, n = 3767; women, n = 3823). Interrelationships among socioeconomic indicators, behaviours, and BMI groups were examined by age-adjusted path analysis. For men, obesity was positively associated with income directly and through current smoking. Obesity was also negatively associated with education, directly and through fruit and vegetable intake, and was negatively associated with income through LTPA (r2 = 0.17). For women, obesity was negatively associated with education both directly and indirectly through LTPA and with fruit and vegetable intake. No direct association was observed between income and obesity for women, but an indirect negative association existed via LTPA and fruit and vegetable intake (r2 = 0.15). The direct and indirect associations between obesity and socioeconomic indicators were consistently inverse among women, but this relationship was not the case in men, suggesting that clearer social patterns of adiposity exist for Canadian women. The limited amount of variance explained by these models likely reflects the complexity of obesity development.
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