Publications
250 results found
Elkington PT, Green JA, Friedland JS, 2009, Analysis of matrix metalloproteinase secretion by macrophages., Methods Mol Biol, Vol: 531, Pages: 253-265, ISSN: 1064-3745
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent proteases whose physiological roles include control of leukocyte migration. They are implicated in tissue destruction in inflammatory and infectious diseases. MMPs are not only capable of degrading all components of the extracellular matrix, but they also can modulate the immune response by cleaving cytokines and chemokines to alter their activity. Macrophages secrete a broad range of MMPs and represent a key source of MMPs in inflammatory lesions such as granulomas. Zymography is substrate-based gel electrophoresis that allows direct visualization of MMP activity. Here we describe measurement of MMP secretion from macrophages focusing on quantitative zymography. We also discuss complementary methods that should be used in parallel with zymography. The ability to analyze and quantify MMP secretion by macrophages offers an additional window through which to understand the contributions of macrophages to a wide variety of infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders.
Beck AL, Cabrera L, Pan WKY, et al., 2008, Peptide YY: A Gut Hormone Associated with Anorexia during Infectious Diarrhea in Children, JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS, Vol: 153, Pages: 677-682, ISSN: 0022-3476
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- Citations: 1
Friedland JS, 2008, Tackling tissue destruction in tuberculosis, TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, Vol: 102, Pages: 953-954, ISSN: 0035-9203
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- Citations: 2
Escombe AR, Moore DAJ, Gilman RH, et al., 2008, The Infectiousness of Tuberculosis Patients Coinfected with HIV, PLOS Medicine, Vol: 5, Pages: 1387-1397, ISSN: 1549-1277
BackgroundThe current understanding of airborne tuberculosis (TB) transmission is based on classic1950s studies in which guinea pigs were exposed to air from a tuberculosis ward. Recently werecreated this model in Lima, Peru´, and in this paper we report the use of molecularfingerprinting to investigate patient infectiousness in the current era of HIV infection andmultidrug-resistant (MDR) TB.Methods and FindingsAll air from a mechanically ventilated negative-pressure HIV-TB ward was exhausted overguinea pigs housed in an airborne transmission study facility on the roof. Animals had monthlytuberculin skin tests, and positive reactors were removed for autopsy and organ culture for M.tuberculosis. Temporal exposure patterns, drug susceptibility testing, and DNA fingerprinting ofpatient and animal TB strains defined infectious TB patients. Relative patient infectiousness wascalculated using the Wells-Riley model of airborne infection. Over 505 study days there were118 ward admissions of 97 HIV-positive pulmonary TB patients. Of 292 exposed guinea pigs,144 had evidence of TB disease; a further 30 were tuberculin skin test positive only. There wasmarked variability in patient infectiousness; only 8.5% of 118 ward admissions by TB patientswere shown by DNA fingerprinting to have caused 98% of the 125 characterised cases ofsecondary animal TB. 90% of TB transmission occurred from inadequately treated MDR TBpatients. Three highly infectious MDR TB patients produced 226, 52, and 40 airborne infectiousunits (quanta) per hour.ConclusionsA small number of inadequately treated MDR TB patients coinfected with HIV wereresponsible for almost all TB transmission, and some patients were highly infectious. This resulthighlights the importance of rapid TB drug-susceptibility testing to allow prompt initiation ofeffective treatment, and environmental control measures to reduce ongoing TB transmission incrowded health care settings. TB infection control must be prioritized in order
Harris JE, Friedland JS, 2008, L-glutamate in Middlebrook 7H9 culture medium upregulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion from human astrocytoma cells, JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS, Vol: 173, Pages: 291-294, ISSN: 0165-0270
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- Citations: 1
Morrison PT, Sharland M, Thomas LH, et al., 2008, Chemokine-receptor upregulation and disease severity in Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection, CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 128, Pages: 85-93, ISSN: 1521-6616
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- Citations: 8
Okane CM, Elkington PT, Friedland JS, 2008, Monocyte-dependent oncostatin M and TNF-α synergize to stimulate unopposed matrix metalloproteinase-1/3 secretion from human lung fibroblasts in tuberculosis, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 38, Pages: 1321-1330, ISSN: 0014-2980
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- Citations: 45
Hargreaves S, Holmes AH, Saxena S, et al., 2008, Charging systems for migrants in primary care: the experiences of family doctors in a high-migrant area of London, J TRAVEL MED, Vol: 15, Pages: 13-18, ISSN: 1195-1982
Background. There is speculation that a high number of migrants use free UK National Health Services to which they are not entitled. In response, the UK government has sought to develop and expand current overseas visitors (OVs) charging systems to target these noneligible migrants for payment. Current guidance to UK primary care providers is ambiguous, and little is known about existing procedures for dealing with new migrants. We aimed to explore the impact of OVs on primary care services and to assess the views of health-care providers about current charging systems.Methods. We undertook a 23-point semistructured questionnaire survey of family doctors working within a high-migrant area of London. Outcome measures were the following: the impact of OVs on their practices, current procedures for registering this patient group, and doctors' concerns around expanding existing charging systems.Results. Ninety-two doctors from 53 practices completed the survey (practice response rate 82.8%). Fifty-one (55.4%) of the 92 doctors reported having systems in place to identify and charge OVs requesting registration, and follow-up procedures differed across practices. Significantly more doctors [65 (70.7%)] reported not having any OVs on their practice lists receiving free consultations (p < 0.001; 298 OVs reported in total). Of the 24 (26.1%) doctors who did, this equated to approximately 3,000 pound monthly lost income in total for uncharged consultations across all the practices within the survey site. Seventy-eight (84.8%) doctors want a better system to identify and charge OVs in primary care but question the workability of proposals to streamline charging procedures across primary and secondary care. Concerns were raised about the implications for migrants unable to access appropriate health care and the impact on public health priorities.Conclusions. We identified variations in current procedures for identifying and registering OVs, which may result in the inappropri
Zhu XW, Price NM, Gilman RH, et al., 2007, Multinucleate giant cells release functionally unopposed matrix metalloproteinase-9 in vitro and in vivo, JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 196, Pages: 1076-1079, ISSN: 0022-1899
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- Citations: 31
Elkington PT, Green JA, Emerson JE, et al., 2007, Synergistic up-regulation of epithelial cell matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion in tuberculosis, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Vol: 37, Pages: 431-437, ISSN: 1044-1549
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- Citations: 58
Green JA, Friedland JS, 2007, Astrocyte-leucocyte interactions and the mechanisms regulating matrix degradation in CNS tuberculosis, BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS, Vol: 35, Pages: 686-688, ISSN: 0300-5127
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- Citations: 4
Rao VB, Pelly TF, Gilman RH, et al., 2007, Zinc Cream and Reliability of Tuberculosis Skin Testing, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol: 13, Pages: 1101-1104, ISSN: 1080-6059
In 50 healthy Peruvian shantytown residents, zinc cream applied to tuberculosis skin-test sites caused a 32% increase in induration compared with placebo cream. Persons with lower plasma zinc had smaller skin-test reactions and greater augmentation with zinc cream. Zinc defi ciency caused false-negative skin-test results, and topical zinc supplementation augmented antimycobacterial immune responses enough to improve diagnosis.
Thomas LH, Friedland JS, Sharland M, 2007, Chemokines and their receptors in respiratory disease: a therapeutic target for respiratory syncytial virus infection, EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY, Vol: 5, Pages: 415-425, ISSN: 1478-7210
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- Citations: 5
Cooke GS, Hargreaves S, Natkunarajah J, et al., 2007, Impact on and use of an inner-city London Infectious Diseases Department by international migrants: a questionnaire survey, BMC Health Services Research, Vol: 7
Morrison PT, Thomas LH, Sharland M, et al., 2007, RSV-infected airway epithelial cells cause biphasic upregulation of CCR1 expression on human monocytes, JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY, Vol: 81, Pages: 1487-1495, ISSN: 0741-5400
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- Citations: 11
Escombe AR, Oeser C, Gilman RH, et al., 2007, The detection of airborne transmission of tuberculosis from HIV-infected patients, using an in vivo air sampling model, CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Vol: 44, Pages: 1349-1357, ISSN: 1058-4838
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- Citations: 90
Escombe AR, Moore DAJ, Friedland JS, et al., 2007, Natural ventilation for prevention of airborne contagion: Authors' Reply, PLOS MEDICINE, Vol: 4, Pages: 957-958, ISSN: 1549-1277
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- Citations: 1
Patel B, Nanchalal J, Friedland JS, 2007, Fishing injury resulting in Mycobacterium fortuitum palmar abscess, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, Vol: 26, Pages: 427-429
O'Kane CM, Boyle JJ, Horncastle DE, et al., 2007, Monocyte-dependent fibroblast CXCL8 secretion occurs in tuberculosis and limits survival of mycobacteria within macrophages, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 178, Pages: 3767-3776, ISSN: 0022-1767
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- Citations: 46
Escombe AR, Oeser CC, Gilman RH, et al., 2007, Natural ventilation for the prevention of airborne contagion, PLOS Medicine, Vol: 4, Pages: 309-317, ISSN: 1549-1277
BackgroundInstitutional transmission of airborne infections such as tuberculosis (TB) is an importantpublic health problem, especially in resource-limited settings where protective measures suchas negative-pressure isolation rooms are difficult to implement. Natural ventilation may offer alow-cost alternative. Our objective was to investigate the rates, determinants, and effects ofnatural ventilation in health care settings.Methods and FindingsThe study was carried out in eight hospitals in Lima, Peru; five were hospitals of ‘‘oldfashioned’’design built pre-1950, and three of ‘‘modern’’ design, built 1970–1990. In thesehospitals 70 naturally ventilated clinical rooms where infectious patients are likely to beencountered were studied. These included respiratory isolation rooms, TB wards, respiratorywards, general medical wards, outpatient consulting rooms, waiting rooms, and emergencydepartments. These rooms were compared with 12 mechanically ventilated negative-pressurerespiratory isolation rooms built post-2000. Ventilation was measured using a carbon dioxidetracer gas technique in 368 experiments. Architectural and environmental variables weremeasured. For each experiment, infection risk was estimated for TB exposure using the WellsRileymodel of airborne infection. We found that opening windows and doors provided medianventilation of 28 air changes/hour (ACH), more than double that of mechanically ventilatednegative-pressure rooms ventilated at the 12 ACH recommended for high-risk areas, and 18times that with windows and doors closed (p , 0.001). Facilities built more than 50 years ago,characterised by large windows and high ceilings, had greater ventilation than modernnaturally ventilated rooms (40 versus 17 ACH; p , 0.001). Even within the lowest quartile ofwind speeds, natural ventilation exceeded mechanical (p , 0.001). The Wells-Riley airborneinfection model predicted that in mechanically ventilated rooms
Harris JE, Green JA, Elkington PT, et al., 2007, Monocytes infected with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> regulate MAP kinase-dependent astrocyte MMP-9 secretion, JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY, Vol: 81, Pages: 548-556, ISSN: 0741-5400
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- Citations: 25
Harris JE, Femandez-Vilaseca M, Elkington PTG, et al., 2007, IFN-γ synergizes with IL-1β to up-regulate MMP-9 secretion in a cellular model of central nervous system tuberculosis, FASEB JOURNAL, Vol: 21, Pages: 356-365, ISSN: 0892-6638
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- Citations: 38
Thomas LH, Wickremasinghe MIY, Friedland JS, 2007, IL-1β stimulates divergent upper and lower airway epithelial cell CCL5 secretion, CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 122, Pages: 229-238, ISSN: 1521-6616
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- Citations: 7
Harris JE, Nuttall RK, Elkington PT, et al., 2007, Monocyte-astrocyte networks regulate matrix metalloproteinase gene expression and secretion in central nervous system tuberculosis in vitro and in vivo, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 178, Pages: 1199-1207, ISSN: 0022-1767
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- Citations: 45
Moore DAJ, Gilman RH, Friedland JS, 2007, MODS assay for the diagnosis of TB - Reply, NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, Vol: 356, Pages: 189-189, ISSN: 0028-4793
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- Citations: 1
Hargreaves S, Friedland JS, Gothard P, et al., 2006, Impact on and use of health services by international migrants: questionnaire survey of inner city London A&E attenders, BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Vol: 6
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- Citations: 66
Zevallos K, Vergara KC, Gilman RH, et al., 2006, Human cell-mediated immunity against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> antigens is augmented by treating intestinal helminths, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, Vol: 75, Pages: 313-313, ISSN: 0002-9637
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- Citations: 1
Sherman JM, Tovar M, Gilman RH, et al., 2006, Using treatment failure to screen for MDR TB is associated with recurrence, death and transmission, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, Vol: 75, Pages: 312-313, ISSN: 0002-9637
Moore DAJ, Evans CAW, Gilman RH, et al., 2006, Microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility assay for the diagnosis of TB, NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, Vol: 355, Pages: 1539-1550, ISSN: 0028-4793
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- Citations: 347
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