Publications
272 results found
Kinross J, Nicholson JK, 2012, GUT MICROBIOTA Dietary and social modulation of gut microbiota in the elderly, NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY, Vol: 9, Pages: 563-564, ISSN: 1759-5045
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- Citations: 23
Muirhead LJ, Kinross J, FitzMaurice TS, et al., 2012, Surgical systems biology and personalized longitudinal phenotyping in critical care, Personalized Medicine, Vol: 9, Pages: 593-608, ISSN: 1741-0541
Systems-wide molecular analysis of the metabolic, inflammatory and immune response to surgical trauma has yet to be translated into the operating room. Surgical patients are exposed to a large number of heterogeneous environmental insults that cannot only be quantified by genome-orientated ‘omics platforms. Furthermore, surgery demands rapid or near real-time analysis. Systems-level metabolic phenotyping provides a novel ‘global’ perspective of an organism’s metabolic response to surgical injury and, therefore, serves as an ideal platform for the development of personalized therapies in surgery. This article reviews current personalized approaches to healthcare in surgery and explores future directions for personalized surgical biomarker discovery and therapeutics. In particular, this article discusses our vision of ‘personalized metabolic phenotyping’ in surgery, and outlines next-generation technologies that will make this approach a reality.
Markar SR, Blackburn S, Cobb R, et al., 2012, Laparoscopic Versus Open Appendectomy for Complicated and Uncomplicated Appendicitis in Children, Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, ISSN: 1091-255X
Kinross JM, Markar S, Karthikesalingam A, et al., 2012, A Meta-Analysis of Probiotic and Synbiotic Use in Elective Surgery: Does Nutrition Modulation of the Gut Microbiome Improve Clinical Outcome?, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, ISSN: 0148-6071
Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Kinross J, et al., 2012, Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions., Science, Vol: 336, Pages: 1262-1267
The composition and activity of the gut microbiota codevelop with the host from birth and is subject to a complex interplay that depends on the host genome, nutrition, and life-style. The gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of multiple host metabolic pathways, giving rise to interactive host-microbiota metabolic, signaling, and immune-inflammatory axes that physiologically connect the gut, liver, muscle, and brain. A deeper understanding of these axes is a prerequisite for optimizing therapeutic strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota to combat disease and improve health.
Holmes E, Kinross J, Gibson GR, et al., 2012, Therapeutic Modulation of Microbiota-Host Metabolic Interactions, Science Translational Medicine, Vol: 4, Pages: 137rv6-137rv6, ISSN: 1946-6234
Markar SR, Karthikesalingam A, Thrumurthy S, et al., 2012, Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) vs. conventional multiport cholecystectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis, SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES, Vol: 26, Pages: 1205-1213, ISSN: 0930-2794
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- Citations: 160
Mirnezami R, Kinross JM, Vorkas PA, et al., 2012, Implementation of Molecular Phenotyping Approaches in the Personalized Surgical Patient Journey, ANNALS OF SURGERY, Vol: 255, Pages: 881-889, ISSN: 0003-4932
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- Citations: 29
Takats Z, Denes J, Kinross J, 2012, Identifying the margin: a new method to distinguish between cancerous and noncancerous tissue during surgery, Future Oncology, Vol: 8, Pages: 113-116, ISSN: 1479-6694
Taylor D, Patel V, Lee H, et al., 2012, Virtual Worlds are an Innovative Tool for Medical Device Training in a Simulated Environment, Studies in Health Technologies and Informatics, Vol: 173: Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 19, Pages: 338-343
Medical infusion devices are an integral component within the delivery of healthcare management. The aim of this study was to develop a training simulation in the virtual world of Second Life for the management of adverse events associated with infusion devices. Forty nurses were subsequently recruited to participate within the simulation and assess its feasibility.
Li JV, Ashrafian H, Bueter M, et al., 2012, Metabolic surgery profoundly influences gut microbial-host metabolic cross-talk, Gut, Vol: 60, Pages: 1214-1223
Darzi A, Muirhead LJ, Sasi-Szabó L, et al., 2012, The iKnife: Analysis of diathermy plumes by high-resolution mass spectrometry provides real-time identification of colorectal cancer liver metastases, Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Volume 2012 Issue 1
<jats:p>Background:Minimal technologies exist that provide tissue specific molecular information to the surgeon in real-unsupervised principal components time. Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry allows near real-time characterization of tissue by mass spectrometric analysis of the smoke plume released during electrosurgical dissection.Objectives:To develop and optimize a statistical strategy for the real-time recognition of cancer margin status during surgical excision of liver metastases. Methods:Fresh tissue samples from 25 patients with liver metastasis from colorectal adenocarcinoma were collected and analyzed using monopolar diathermy coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry. At the point of rapid evaporation of tissues during electrosurgical dissection, tissue specific charged particles are formed and these ionized molecular species are transferred within the diathermy plume to the mass spectrometer using Venturi air jet pump and PTFE tubing. Intense spectral profiles are produced (m/z range: 600-900) which are associated with the structural phospholipid content of tissues and vary significantly between the distinct histological tissue types.Results:The resulting dataset was analyzed by unsupervised principal components analysis for explorative analysis of similarities/differences in molecular ion composition between samples. The maximum margin criterion analysis, a supervised dimension reduction technique, was subsequently applied to extract tissue specific discriminating molecular ion patterns. The 3-nearest neighbour classification algorithm was applied on a reduced set of discriminant features and 10-fold cross validation carried out. Discrimination of healthy and malignant tissue was possible with a sensitivity of 96.8% and cross validation demonstrated the validity of the supervised methods. Conclusion:When paired with real-time data analysis, the iKnife is a viable potential method of real-time tissue identification including the intra-o
Markar SR, Karthikesalingam AP, Venkat-Ramen V, et al., 2011, Robotic vs. laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in morbidly obese patients: systematic review and pooled analysis, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER ASSISTED SURGERY, Vol: 7, Pages: 393-400, ISSN: 1478-5951
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- Citations: 59
Kinross J, Deaville E, Barton R, et al., 2011, Galactooligosaccharide (GOS) prebiotic supplementation increases the severity of injury after intestinal ischaemia / reperfusion (I/R) injury: analysis by global metabolic profiling in a rat model, International Surgical Week
Markar SR, Venkat-Raman V, Ho A, et al., 2011, Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy in obese patients, International Journal of Surgery, Vol: 6, Pages: 451-455
Although there appears to be no outright benefit of laparoscopic versus open surgery for acute appendicitis in the general population, it has been suggested that in obese patients a laparoscopic approach may offer more conclusive gains. The aim of this pooled analysis of comparative studies was to evaluate clinical outcome following laparoscopic and open appendicectomy in the obese population.METHODS:A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library databases was performed. Primary outcomes were length of operation (min) and length of hospital stay (days). Secondary outcomes were presence of post-operative complications, wound and intra-abdominal complications. Weighted mean differences were calculated to assess the size of the effect of laparoscopic appendicectomy on continuous variables and Pooled odds ratio were calculated for discrete variables.RESULTS:2309 appendicectomies were included in this analysis, 1122 laparoscopic and 1187 open appendicectomies. Analysis of primary outcome measures revealed a shorter length of post-operative stay associated with laparoscopic appendicectomy (weighted mean difference = -1.26; 95% confidence interval = -2.36 to -0.16; p = 0.02). There was no significant difference between the groups for length of operation, post-operative complications, intra-abdominal or wound complications.CONCLUSION:The results of this pooled analysis indicate that laparoscopic appendicectomy may be beneficial in the obese population with a shorter length of hospital stay, and a similar incidence of post-operative complications.
Kinross J, Deaville E, Barton R, et al., 2011, A global metabolic profiling analysis of the gut microbiome after surgically induced gut injury., International Human Microbiome Congress
Kinross J, Darzi A, Nicholson JK, 2011, Gut microbiome-host interactions in health and disease., Genome medicine, Vol: 3
The gut microbiome is the term given to describe the vast collection of symbiotic microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal system and their collective interacting genomes. Recent studies have suggested that the gut microbiome performs numerous important biochemical functions for the host, and disorders of the microbiome are associated with many and diverse human disease processes. Systems biology approaches based on next generation 'omics' technologies are now able to describe the gut microbiome at a detailed genetic and functional (transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic) level, providing new insights into the importance of the gut microbiome in human health, and they are able to map microbiome variability between species, individuals and populations. This has established the importance of the gut microbiome in the disease pathogenesis for numerous systemic disease states, such as obesity and cardiovascular disease, and in intestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, understanding microbiome activity is essential to the development of future personalized strategies of healthcare, as well as potentially providing new targets for drug development. Here, we review recent metagenomic and metabonomic approaches that have enabled advances in understanding gut microbiome activity in relation to human health, and gut microbial modulation for the treatment of disease. We also describe possible avenues of research in this rapidly growing field with respect to future personalized healthcare strategies.
Kinross J, Alkhamesi N, Barton R, et al., 2011, Global metabolic phenotyping in an experimental laparotomy model of surgical trauma., Journal of Proteome Research, Vol: 1, Pages: 277-287
Surgical trauma initiates a complex series of metabolic host responses designed to maintain homeostasis and ensure survival. (1)H NMR spectroscopy was applied to intraoperative urine and plasma samples as part of a strategy to analyze the metabolic response of Wistar rats to a laparotomy model. Spectral data were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that surgical injury is responsible for the majority of the metabolic variability demonstrated between animals (R² Urine = 81.2% R² plasma = 80%). Further statistical analysis by orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) allowed the identification of novel urinary metabolic markers of surgical trauma. Urinary levels of taurine, glucose, urea, creatine, allantoin, and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) were significantly increased after surgery whereas citrate and 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) negatively correlated with the intraoperative state as did plasma levels of betaine and tyrosine. Plasma levels of lipoproteins such as VLDL and LDL also rose with the duration of surgery. Moreover, the microbial cometabolites 3-hydroxyphenylpropionate, phenylacetylglycine, and hippurate correlated with the surgical insult, indicating that the gut microbiota are highly sensitive to the global homeostatic state of the host. Metabonomic profiling provides a global overview of surgical trauma that has the potential to provide novel biomarkers for personalized surgical optimization and outcome prediction.
Markar SR, Venkat-Raman V, Ho A, et al., 2011, Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy in obese patients, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Vol: 9, Pages: 451-455, ISSN: 1743-9191
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- Citations: 17
Kinross JM, Darzi AW, Nicholson JK, 2011, Gut microbiome-host interactions in health and disease, GENOME MEDICINE, Vol: 3, ISSN: 1756-994X
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- Citations: 438
Kinross J, Holmes E, Darzi A, et al., 2011, Metabolic phenotyping for monitoring surgical patients, The Lancet, Vol: 377, Pages: 1817-1819
Kinross J, Darzi LA, 2010, An introduction to animal research, Key Topics in Surgical Research and Methodology, Pages: 207-228, ISBN: 9783540719144
Despite advances in computer modelling and bioinformatics, animal models remain a vital component of biomedical research. The growth in this area of work is in part due to the evolution next generation of biotechnologies, which more than ever necessitate the need for in vivo experimentation. An understanding of the principals of animal research therefore remains a necessity for medical researchers as it permits scientific analysis to be interpreted in a more critical and meaningful manner. Initiating and designing an animal experiment can be a daunting process, particularly as the law and legislation governing animal research is complex and new specialist skills must be acquired. This chapter reviews the principles of animal research and provides a practical resource for those researchers seeking to create robust animal experiments that ensure minimal suffering and maximal scientific validity. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010.
Von Roon A, Maher A, Wang Y, et al., 2010, Metabonomic Approach Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Human Blood Plasma Reveals Increased Levels of α-1 Acid Glycoprotein (Orosomucoid) in Pouchitis., European Society of Coloproctology
Atkin A, Suleman A, Kinross J, et al., 2010, Patient characteristics and treatment outcome in functional anorectal pain., Association of Coloproctologists of Great Britain and Ireland
Atkin A, Suleman A, Kinross J, et al., 2010, Patient characteristics and treatment outcome in functional anorectal pain., Association of Coloproctologists of Great Britain and Ireland
Kinross J, Darzi A, 2010, Key Topics in Surgical Research and Methodology, Key Topics in Surgical Research and Methodology, Editors: Athanasiou, Darzi, Publisher: Springer Verlag, ISBN: 9783540719144
An Introduction to Animal Research James Kinross and Lord .... An understanding of the principals of animal research therefore remains a necessity for ...
Athanasiou T, Debas HT, Darzi A, 2010, Key Topics in Surgical Research and Methodology, Publisher: Springer, ISBN: 9783540719151
Key Topics in Surgical Research and Methodology represents a comprehensive reference text accessible to the surgeon embarking on an academic career. Key themes emphasize and summarize the text. Four key elements are covered, i.e.
Kinross J, Vernazza J, Holloway P, et al., 2010, Metabonomic profiling of plasma in secondary peritonitis: A novel diagnostic and prognostic strategy based on systems metabolism, Electronic Poster of Distinction in Association-of-Surgeons-of-Great-Britain-and-Ireland-International-Surgical-Congress, Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL, Pages: 80-80, ISSN: 0007-1323
Kinross J, Darzi LA, 2010, An Introduction to Animal Research, KEY TOPICS IN SURGICAL RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY, Editors: Athanasiou, Debas, Darzi, Publisher: SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Pages: 207-228, ISBN: 978-3-540-71914-4
Kinross J, von Roon AC, Penney N, et al., 2009, The Gut Microbiota as a Target for Improved Surgical Outcome and Improved Patient Care, CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN, Vol: 15, Pages: 1537-1545, ISSN: 1381-6128
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- Citations: 28
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