Emeritus ProfessorJeremyNicholson

SANINS SM, TIMBRELL JA, NICHOLSON JK, 1986, HIGH-RESOLUTION PROTON-NMR STUDIES OF METABOLISM AND EFFECTS OF HYDRAZINE IN RAT, HUMAN TOXICOLOGY, Vol: 5, Pages: 123-123, ISSN: 0144-5952

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• Citations: 3

NICHOLSON JK, DRURY JE, TIMBRELL JA, HIGHAM DP, SADLER PJet al., 1986, BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXPOSURE OF CADMIUM TO RATS - PROTON-NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF URINE AND CORRELATIONS WITH TESTICULAR DAMAGE, HUMAN TOXICOLOGY, Vol: 5, Pages: 115-116, ISSN: 0144-5952

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• Citations: 6

HIGHAM DP, NICHOLSON JK, OVERNELL J, SADLER PJet al., 1986, NMR-STUDIES OF CRAB AND PLAICE METALLOTHIONEINS, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES, Vol: 65, Pages: 157-165, ISSN: 0091-6765

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• Citations: 13

GARTLAND KPR, NICHOLSON JK, TIMBRELL JA, BONNER Fet al., 1986, DETECTION AND ASSESSMENT OF PARA-AMINOPHENOL-INDUCED NEPHROTOXIC LESIONS BY PROTON-NMR SPECTROSCOPY, HUMAN TOXICOLOGY, Vol: 5, Pages: 122-123, ISSN: 0144-5952

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• Citations: 5

Tulip K, Nicholson JK, Timbrell JA, 1986, Comparison of N-methylformamide-induced hepatotoxicity and metabolism in rats and mice., Adv Exp Med Biol, Vol: 197, Pages: 941-950, ISSN: 0065-2598

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Vasak M, Hawkes GE, Nicholson JK, Sadler PJet al., 1985, 113Cd NMR Studies of Reconstituted Seven-Cadmium Metallothionein: Evidence for Structural Flexibility, Biochemistry, Vol: 24, Pages: 740-747, ISSN: 0006-2960

A reproducible method for the reconstitution of rabbit liver metallothionein (MT) containing seven cadmium atoms per mole of protein is described. This protein was studied in detail by 113Cd NMR at 88-, 55-, and 44-MHz frequencies, including the effects of pH, temperature, and ionic strength on the spectra. Our results differ significantly from previous reports of 113Cd NMR on similar samples. Thus, the spectra of both chromatographically distinguishable isoforms MT1 and MT2 were not identical, and neither could be interpreted in terms of a unique static model with the seven Cd ions forming two independent clusters of four and three Cd ions. Large differential shifts of 113Cd resonances were observed with changes in temperature over the range 277-320 K and ionic strength (0.02-0.5 M). At low temperature a slow structural change (half-life of several minutes) was detected. The structure was more rigid at high ionic strength. The frequency dependence and two-dimensional J-resolved spectra revealed that 113Cd resonances were composed of several overlapping peaks, complicating the interpretation of fine structure in one-dimensional spectra. A new flexible model of the Cd cluster in metallothionein is proposed. This model incorporates dynamic thiolate exchange reactions and involves several configurational substates of the protein. The possible relationship of such flexibility to the function of metallothionein is discussed. © 1985, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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• Citations: 46

NICHOLSON JK, TIMBRELL JA, SADLER PJ, 1985, PROTON NMR-SPECTRA OF URINE AS INDICATORS OF RENAL DAMAGE - MERCURY-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS, MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY, Vol: 27, Pages: 644-651, ISSN: 0026-895X

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• Citations: 175

BALES JR, NICHOLSON JK, SADLER PJ, 1985, TWO-DIMENSIONAL PROTON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE MAPS OF ACETAMINOPHEN METABOLITES IN HUMAN-URINE, CLINICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol: 31, Pages: 757-763, ISSN: 0009-9147

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• Citations: 81

TULIP K, NICHOLSON JK, TIMBRELL JA, 1985, DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO N-METHYLFORMAMIDE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS AND MICE, BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER, Vol: 52, Pages: 417-417, ISSN: 0007-0920

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NICHOLSON JK, TIMBRELL JA, BALES JR, SADLER PJet al., 1985, A HIGH-RESOLUTION PROTON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF HEPATOCYTE AND DRUG-METABOLISM - APPLICATION TO ACETAMINOPHEN, MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY, Vol: 27, Pages: 634-643, ISSN: 0026-895X

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• Citations: 26

NICHOLSON JK, TULIP K, TIMBRELL JA, BALES JR, SADLER PJet al., 1985, NOVEL DRUG-METABOLISM AND EXCRETION STUDIES USING HIGH-RESOLUTION PROTON NMR-SPECTROSCOPY, BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER, Vol: 52, Pages: 457-457, ISSN: 0007-0920

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VASAK M, HAWKES GE, NICHOLSON JK, SADLER PJet al., 1985, CD-113 NMR-STUDIES OF RECONSTITUTED 7-CADMIUM METALLOTHIONEIN - EVIDENCE FOR STRUCTURAL FLEXIBILITY, BIOCHEMISTRY, Vol: 24, Pages: 740-747, ISSN: 0006-2960

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• Citations: 52

Nicholson JK, Osborn D, Kendall MD, 1984, Comparative distributions of zinc, cadmium and mercury in the tissues of experimental mice., Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology, Vol: 77, Pages: 249-256, ISSN: 0742-8413

Different groups of mice were injected with cadmium, zinc and mercury. Zinc injections had no effect on zinc tissue levels while both mercury and cadmium accumulated in various tissues. Cadmium persisted in the tissues much longer than mercury, and while the mercury concentrations began to decline as soon as dosing ceased, cadmium concentrations in kidney and intestine increased even after dosing ceased. There appeared to be an interrelationship between cadmium concentrations in spleen and intestine which warrants some further investigations. There was a linear, but discontinuous, effect of cadmium on zinc concentrations in liver, kidney and pancreas which may depend on metallothionein biochemistry. Mercury injections had no effect on zinc metabolism. It is proposed that differences in the rate of excretion of cadmium and mercury from the kidney could explain the differential accumulation of cadmium and mercury in animals.

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• Citations: 2

NICHOLSON JK, SADLER PJ, BALES JR, JUUL SM, MACLEOD AF, SONKSEN PHet al., 1984, MONITORING METABOLIC DISEASE BY PROTON NMR OF URINE, LANCET, Vol: 2, Pages: 751-752, ISSN: 0140-6736

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• Citations: 44

NICHOLSON JK, TIMBRELL JA, HIGHAM DP, SADLER PJet al., 1984, MERCURY AND CADMIUM NEPHROTOXICITY AND THE DETECTION OF ABNORMAL URINARY METABOLITES BY PROTON NMR-SPECTROSCOPY, HUMAN TOXICOLOGY, Vol: 3, Pages: 334-335, ISSN: 0144-5952

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• Citations: 9

BALES JR, HIGHAM DP, HOWE I, NICHOLSON JK, SADLER PJet al., 1984, USE OF HIGH-RESOLUTION PROTON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY FOR RAPID MULTI-COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF URINE, CLINICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol: 30, Pages: 426-432, ISSN: 0009-9147

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• Citations: 268

NICHOLSON JK, OFLYNN MP, SADLER PJ, MACLEOD AF, JUUL SM, SONKSEN PHet al., 1984, PROTON-NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE STUDIES OF SERUM, PLASMA AND URINE FROM FASTING NORMAL AND DIABETIC SUBJECTS, BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 217, Pages: 365-375, ISSN: 0264-6021

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• Citations: 252

NICHOLSON JK, OSBORN D, 1984, KIDNEY LESIONS IN JUVENILE STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS FED ON A MERCURY-CONTAMINATED SYNTHETIC DIET, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION SERIES A-ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL, Vol: 33, Pages: 195-206, ISSN: 0143-1471

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• Citations: 14

NICHOLSON JK, OSBORN D, KENDALL MD, 1984, COMPARATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS OF ZINC, CADMIUM AND MERCURY IN THE TISSUES OF EXPERIMENTAL MICE, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY, Vol: 77, Pages: 249-256, ISSN: 0742-8413

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• Citations: 11

BALES JR, SADLER PJ, NICHOLSON JK, TIMBRELL JAet al., 1984, URINARY-EXCRETION OF ACETAMINOPHEN AND ITS METABOLITES AS STUDIED BY PROTON NMR-SPECTROSCOPY, CLINICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol: 30, Pages: 1631-1636, ISSN: 0009-9147

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• Citations: 131

BULMAN RA, NICHOLSON JK, HIGHAM DP, SADLER PJet al., 1984, CADMIUM COMPLEXES OF DICYSTEINOETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID EXHIBIT CD-113 NMR SHIFTS AND CD-113-CD-113 COUPLINGS SIMILAR TO THOSE OF METALLOTHIONEIN, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 106, Pages: 1118-1119, ISSN: 0002-7863

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• Citations: 11

Williams GR, Nicholson JK, 1983, The histology and fine structure of the ureter of the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), Journal of Anatomy, Vol: 136, Pages: 585-594, ISSN: 0021-8782

Light and electron microscopic techniques were employed to study the structure of the ureter of the starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Particular attention was paid to the characterisation of the epithelial cell types. Differences were found in the chemical composition of the mucins found in the ureteric epithelial cells and the medullary collecting ducts, which suggested that they might perform different functions. The epithelial cells were of two main types. The basally situated cells were electron-lucent, apparently relatively undifferentiated, and contained little rough endoplasmic reticulum or mucigen. The cells which were directly adjacent to the lumen were highly specialised for mucus secretion and contained extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and large numbers of mucigen-containing vacuoles. Cells of intermediate character were also observed and the relationships between the epithelial cell types were discussed. The possibility of a holocrine mode of mucus secretion in the avarian ureteric epithelium was discussed.

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• Citations: 3

Nicholson JK, Kendall MD, 1983, The fine structure of dark or intercalated cells from the distal and collecting tubules of avian kidneys, Journal of Anatomy, Vol: 136, Pages: 145-156, ISSN: 0021-8782

Dark or intercalated cells were identified in the terminal portion of the distal tubules and in the intralobular collecting tubules of four species of birds. The morphological features of these cells varied only slightly from species to species and were very similar to cells found in topographically analogous regions of mammalian nephrons. Characteristic vesicles usually filled the apical region of the dark cells and were often in direct continuity with the apical plasma membrane which was frequently thrown into elaborate folds, microvilli and microplicae. Observations suggested that the cells might be involved in some form of cyclical secretory activity. The similarity in structure between avian and mammalian dark cells suggested that they might perform similar functions and that the study of avian cells might aid the elucidation of the mammalian cell function. The possible function of the avian cells were discussed in relation to physiological studies in mammalian kidneys and it was suggested that they might be involved with proton and potassium pumping and control of urinary buffer concentrations.

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• Citations: 9

NICHOLSON JK, OSBORN D, 1983, Kidney lesions in pelagic seabirds with high tissue levels of cadmium and mercury, Journal of Zoology, Vol: 200, Pages: 99-118, ISSN: 0952-8369

Light and electron microscopic techniques were employed to examine the kidneys of three species of pelagic seabird which had high tissue cadmium and mercury levels. Direct examination and comparison with the kidneys of cadmium and mercury dosed starlings showed that the seabirds had patchy nephrotoxic kidney lesions. It was suggested that these lesions were due to natural exposure of the animals to high levels of metals, particularly cadmium through their diet. Pathological features included necrosis and degeneration of the proximal tubular epithelium together with the direct observation of obstruction of the more distal neprhon segments by necrotic cellular debris. Abnormalities of the glomerular podocytes and Bowman's capsule cells were also observed. There was a high degree of similarity between the type and distribution of kidney lesions in the seabirds and the laboratory metal dosed starlings. The significance of this kidney damage and its possible effects on the birds survival prospects are discussed. Copyright © 1983, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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• Citations: 74

KENDALL MD, WARLEY A, NICHOLSON JK, APPLETON TCet al., 1983, X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS OF PROXIMAL AND DISTAL TUBULE CELLS IN THE MOUSE KIDNEY, AND THE INFLUENCE OF CADMIUM ON THE CONCENTRATION OF NATURAL INTRACELLULAR ELEMENTS, JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE, Vol: 62, Pages: 319-338, ISSN: 0021-9533

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• Citations: 17

NICHOLSON JK, KENDALL MD, OSBORN D, 1983, CADMIUM AND MERCURY NEPHROTOXICITY, NATURE, Vol: 304, Pages: 633-635, ISSN: 0028-0836

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• Citations: 115

NICHOLSON JK, KENDALL MD, 1983, THE FINE-STRUCTURE OF DARK OR INTERCALATED CELLS FROM THE DISTAL AND COLLECTING TUBULES OF AVIAN KIDNEYS, JOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Vol: 136, Pages: 145-156, ISSN: 0021-8782

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• Citations: 14

NICHOLSON JK, KENDALL MD, 1983, COMPARATIVE STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF INTERCALATED CELLS IN AVIAN AND MAMMALIAN KIDNEYS, JOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Vol: 136, Pages: 636-637, ISSN: 0021-8782

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NICHOLSON JK, OSBORN D, 1983, KIDNEY LESIONS IN PELAGIC SEABIRDS WITH HIGH TISSUE-LEVELS OF CADMIUM AND MERCURY, JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, Vol: 200, Pages: 99-118, ISSN: 0952-8369

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• Citations: 63

WILLIAMS GR, NICHOLSON JK, 1983, THE HISTOLOGY AND FINE-STRUCTURE OF THE URETER OF THE EUROPEAN STARLING (STURNUS-VULGARIS), JOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Vol: 136, Pages: 585-594, ISSN: 0021-8782

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• Citations: 3