Publications
136 results found
Eichstadt J, Peiro J, Moxey D, 2023, Efficient vectorised kernels for unstructured high-order finite element fluid solvers on GPU architectures in two dimensions, COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 284, ISSN: 0010-4655
Ang CD, Peiro J, Riess I, et al., 2022, Analysis of fire throttling in longitudinally ventilated tunnels with a one-dimensional model, Fire Technology, Vol: 58, Pages: 2925-2947, ISSN: 0015-2684
Fire throttling is the increase in flow resistance due to a large fire in a longitudinally ventilated tunnel. Although the fire throttling effect has been been known and studied for tunnels over the last 40 years, there is not yet a consistent one-dimensional (1D) model that can describe this behaviour or a framework suitable for practical application. We propose a semi-empirical model, based upon pipe flow engineering principles, to describe this effect by separating the resistance to flow, or pressure loses in three parts: upstream of the fire, locally at the fire, and downstream of the fire. The proposed 1D model called TE1D is derived from a simple steady one-dimensional momentum balance in which a semi-empirical mean temperature distribution is assumed across the tunnel. We verify the model by comparing the pressures losses it predicts with those calculated in CFD simulations based on OpenFOAM and Fire Dynamics Simulator. The comparison shows good agreement between the CFD codes for the range of fires sizes considered from 5 to 50 MW and good agreement between TE1D and the CFD results with the proposed 1D model for fire sizes below 30 MW. However, for values above there are large discrepancies between the results obtained by the TE1D and CFD. We posit as a potential explanation that these differences are due to flow and temperature stratification which is not accounted for in the 1D model. The model using pipe flow principles allows engineers to adopt this model for design, together with other pressure losses considered in tunnel ventilation.
Chun S, Marcon J, Peiro J, et al., 2022, Reducing errors caused by geometrical inaccuracy to solve partial differential equations with moving frames on curvilinear domain, COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING, Vol: 398, ISSN: 0045-7825
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- Citations: 1
Pan Y, Yan Z-G, Peiro J, et al., 2022, Development of a balanced adaptive time-stepping strategy based on an implicit JFNK-DG compressible flow solver, Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation, Vol: 4, Pages: 728-757, ISSN: 2661-8893
A balanced adaptive time-stepping strategy is implemented in an implicit discontinuous Galerkin solver to guarantee the temporal accuracy of unsteady simulations. A proper relation between the spatial, temporal and iterative errors generated within one time step is constructed. With an estimate of temporal and spatial error using an embedded Runge-Kutta scheme and a higher order spatial discretization, an adaptive time-stepping strategy is proposed based on the idea that the time step should be the maximum without obviously influencing the total error of the discretization. The designed adaptive time-stepping strategy is then tested in various types of problems including isentropic vortex convection, steady-state flow past a flat plate, Taylor-Green vortex and turbulent flow over a circular cylinder at Re=3900. The results indicate that the adaptive time-stepping strategy can maintain that the discretization error is dominated by the spatial error and relatively high efficiency is obtained for unsteady and steady, well-resolved and under-resolved simulations.
Mengaldo G, Moxey D, Turner M, et al., 2021, Industry-Relevant Implicit Large-Eddy Simulation of a High-Performance Road Car via Spectral/hp Element Methods, SIAM REVIEW, Vol: 63, Pages: 723-755, ISSN: 0036-1445
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- Citations: 7
Green MD, Zhou Y, Dominguez JM, et al., 2021, Smooth particle hydrodynamics simulations of long-duration violent three-dimensional sloshing in tanks, OCEAN ENGINEERING, Vol: 229, ISSN: 0029-8018
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- Citations: 9
Yan Z-G, Pan Y, Castiglioni G, et al., 2021, Nektar++: Design and implementation of an implicit, spectral/hp element, compressible flow solver using a Jacobian-free Newton Krylov approach, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, Vol: 81, Pages: 351-372, ISSN: 0898-1221
At high Reynolds numbers the use of explicit in time compressible flow simulations with spectral/ element discretization can become significantly limited by time step. To alleviate this limitation we extend the capability of the spectral/ element open-source software framework, Nektar++, to include an implicit discontinuous Galerkin compressible flow solver. The integration in time is carried out by a singly diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta method. The non-linear system arising from the implicit time integration is iteratively solved by the Jacobian-free Newton Krylov (JFNK) method. A favorable feature of the JFNK approach is its extensive use of the explicit operators available from the previous explicit in time implementation. The functionalities of different building blocks of the implicit solver are analyzed from the point of view of software design and placed in appropriate hierarchical levels in the C++ libraries. In the detailed implementation, the contributions of different parts of the solver to computational cost, memory consumption and programming complexity are also analyzed. A combination of analytical and numerical methods is adopted to simplify the programming complexity in forming the preconditioning matrix. The solver is verified and tested using cases such as manufactured compressible Poiseuille flow, Taylor–Green vortex, turbulent flow over a circular cylinder at and shock wave boundary-layer interaction. The results show that the implicit solver can speed-up the simulations while maintaining good simulation accuracy.
Marcon J, Castiglioni G, Moxey D, et al., 2020, rp-adaptation for compressible flows, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol: 121, Pages: 5405-5425, ISSN: 0029-5981
We present an rp-adaptation strategy for high-fidelity simulation of compressible inviscid flows with shocks. The mesh resolution in regions of flow discontinuities is increased by using a variational optimiser to r-adapt the mesh and cluster degrees of freedom there. In regions of smooth flow, we locally increase or decrease the local resolution through increasing or decreasing the polynomial order of the elements, respectively. This dual approach allows us to take advantage of the strengths of both methods for best computational performance, thereby reducing the overall cost of the simulation. The adaptation workflow uses a sensor for both discontinuities and smooth regions that is cheap to calculate, but the framework is general and could be used in conjunction with other feature-based sensors or error estimators. We demonstrate this proof-of-concept using two geometries at transonic and supersonic flow regimes. The method has been implemented in the open-source spectral/hp element framework Nektar++, and its dedicated high-order mesh generation tool NekMesh. The results show that the proposed rp-adaptation methodology is a reasonably cost-effective way of improving accuracy.
Eichstaedt J, Vymazal M, Moxey D, et al., 2020, A comparison of the shared-memory parallel programming models OpenMP, OpenACC and Kokkos in the context of implicit solvers for high-order FEM, Computer Physics Communications, Vol: 255, Pages: 1-15, ISSN: 0010-4655
We consider the application of three performance-portable programming models in the context of a high-order spectral element, implicit time-stepping solver for the Navier–Stokes equations. We aim to evaluate whether the use of these models allows code developers to deliver high-performance solvers for computational fluid dynamics simulations that are capable of effectively utilising both many-core CPU and GPU architectures. Using the core elliptic solver for the Navier–Stokes equations as a benchmarking guide, we evaluate the performance of these models on a range of unstructured meshes and give guidelines for the translation of existing codebases and their data structures to these models.
Ang CD, Rein G, Peiro J, 2020, Unexpected oscillations in fire modelling inside a long tunnel, Fire Technology, Vol: 56, Pages: 1937-1941, ISSN: 0015-2684
Moxey D, Cantwell CD, Bao Y, et al., 2020, Nektar++: enhancing the capability and application of high-fidelity spectral/hp element methods, Computer Physics Communications, Vol: 249, Pages: 1-18, ISSN: 0010-4655
Nektar++ is an open-source framework that provides a flexible, high-performance and scalable platform for the development of solvers for partial differential equations using the high-order spectral/ element method. In particular, Nektar++ aims to overcome the complex implementation challenges that are often associated with high-order methods, thereby allowing them to be more readily used in a wide range of application areas. In this paper, we present the algorithmic, implementation and application developments associated with our Nektar++ version 5.0 release. We describe some of the key software and performance developments, including our strategies on parallel I/O, on in situ processing, the use of collective operations for exploiting current and emerging hardware, and interfaces to enable multi-solver coupling. Furthermore, we provide details on a newly developed Python interface that enables a more rapid introduction for new users unfamiliar with spectral/ element methods, C++ and/or Nektar++. This release also incorporates a number of numerical method developments – in particular: the method of moving frames (MMF), which provides an additional approach for the simulation of equations on embedded curvilinear manifolds and domains; a means of handling spatially variable polynomial order; and a novel technique for quasi-3D simulations (which combine a 2D spectral element and 1D Fourier spectral method) to permit spatially-varying perturbations to the geometry in the homogeneous direction. Finally, we demonstrate the new application-level features provided in this release, namely: a facility for generating high-order curvilinear meshes called NekMesh; a novel new AcousticSolver for aeroacoustic problems; our development of a ‘thick’ strip model for the modelling of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems in the context of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). We conclude by commenting on some lessons learned and by discussing some directions fo
Marcon J, Kopriva DA, Sherwin SJ, et al., 2020, Naturally curved quadrilateral mesh generation using an adaptive spectral element solver, 28th International Meshing Roundtable and User Forum, Publisher: arXiv, Pages: 254-266
We describe an adaptive version of a method for generating valid naturally curved quadrilateral meshes. The method uses a guiding field, derived from the concept of a cross field, to create block decompositions of multiply connected two dimensional domains. The a priori curved quadrilateral blocks can be further split into a finer high-order mesh as needed. The guiding field is computed by a Laplace equation solver using a continuous Galerkin or discontinuous Galerkin spectral element formulation. This operation is aided by using p-adaptation to achieve faster convergence of the solution with respect to the computational cost. From the guiding field, irregular nodes and separatrices can be accurately located. A first version of the code is implemented in the open source spectral element framework Nektar++ and its dedicated high order mesh generation platform NekMesh.
Marcon J, Kopriva DA, Sherwin SJ, et al., 2019, A high resolution PDE approach to quadrilateral mesh generation, Journal of Computational Physics, Vol: 399, Pages: 1-17, ISSN: 0021-9991
We describe a high order technique to generate quadrilateral decompositions and meshes for complex two dimensional domains using spectral elements in a field guided procedure. Inspired by cross field methods, we never actually compute crosses. Instead, we compute a high order accurate guiding field using a continuous Galerkin (CG) or discontinuous Galerkin (DG) spectral element method to solve a Laplace equation for each of the field variables using the open source code Nektar++. The spectral method provides spectral convergence and sub-element resolution of the fields. The DG approximation allows meshing of corners that are not multiples of pi/2 in a discretization consistent manner, when needed. The high order field can then be exploited to accurately find irregular nodes, and can be accurately integrated using a high order separatrix integration method to avoid features like limit cycles. The result is a mesh with naturally curved quadrilateral elements that do not need to be curved a posteriori to eliminate invalid elements. The mesh generation procedure is implemented in the open source mesh generation program NekMesh.
Moura RC, Aman M, Peiró J, et al., 2019, Spatial eigenanalysis of spectral/hp continuous Galerkin schemes and their stabilisation via DG-mimicking spectral vanishing viscosity for high Reynolds number flows, Journal of Computational Physics, Pages: 109112-109112, ISSN: 0021-9991
Chun S, Marcon J, Peiro J, et al., 2019, Numerical study on the effect of geometric approximation error in the numerical solution of PDEs using a high-order curvilinear mesh, Publisher: arXiv
When time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) are solved numerically in a domain with curved boundary or on a curved surface, mesh error and geometric approximation error caused by the inaccurate location of vertices and other interior grid points, respectively, could be the main source of the inaccuracy and instability of the numerical solutions of PDEs. The role of these geometric errors in deteriorating the stability and particularly the conservation properties are largely unknown, which seems to necessitate very fine meshes especially to remove geometric approximation error. This paper aims to investigate the effect of geometric approximation error by using a high-order mesh with negligible geometric approximation error, even for high order polynomial of order p. To achieve this goal, the high-order mesh generator from CAD geometry called NekMesh is adapted for surface mesh generation in comparison to traditional meshes with non-negligible geometric approximation error. Two types of numerical tests are considered. Firstly, the accuracy of differential operators is compared for various p on a curved element of the sphere. Secondly, by applying the method of moving frames, four different time-dependent PDEs on the sphere are numerically solved to investigate the impact of geometric approximation error on the accuracy and conservation properties of high-order numerical schemes for PDEs on the sphere.
Green MD, Vacondio R, Peiro J, 2019, A smoothed particle hydrodynamics numerical scheme with a consistent diffusion term for the continuity equation, COMPUTERS & FLUIDS, Vol: 179, Pages: 632-644, ISSN: 0045-7930
Marcon J, Peiro J, Moxey D, et al., 2019, A semi-structured approach to curvilinear mesh generation around streamlined bodies, AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum, Publisher: AIAA
We present an approach for robust high-order mesh generation specially tailored to streamlined bodies. The method is based on a semi-sructured approach which combines the high quality of structured meshes in the near-field with the flexibility of unstructured meshes in the far-field. We utilise medial axis technology to robustly partition the near-field into blocks which can be meshed coarsely with a linear swept mesher. A high-order mesh of the near-field is then generated and split using an isoparametric approach which allows us to obtain highly stretched elements aligned with the flow field. Special treatment of the partition is performed on the wing root juntion and the trailing edge --- into the wake --- to obtain an H-type mesh configuration with anisotropic hexahedra ideal for the strong shear of high Reynolds number simulations. We then proceed to discretise the far-field using traditional robust tetrahedral meshing tools. This workflow is made possible by two sets of tools: CADfix, focused on CAD system, the block partitioning of the near-field and the generation of a linear mesh; and NekMesh, focused on the curving of the high-order mesh and the generation of highly-stretched boundary layer elements. We demonstrate this approach on a NACA0012 wing attached to a wall and show that a gap between the wake partition and the wall can be inserted to remove the dependency of the partitioning procedure on the local geometry.
Turner M, Peiro J, Moxey D, 2018, Curvilinear mesh generation using a variational framework, Computer Aided Design, Vol: 103, Pages: 73-91, ISSN: 0010-4485
We aim to tackle the challenge of generating unstructured high-order meshes of complex three-dimensional bodies, which remains a significant bottleneck in the wider adoption of high-order methods. In particular we show that by adopting a variational approach to the generation process, many of the current popular high-order generation methods can be encompassed under a single unifying framework. This allows us to compare the effectiveness of these methods and to assess the quality of the meshes they produce in a systematic fashion. We present a detailed overview of the theory and formulation of the variational framework, and we highlight how such formulation can be effectively exploited to yield a highly-efficient parallel implementation. The effectiveness of this approach is examined by considering a number of two- and three-dimensional examples, where we show how the proposed approach can be used for both mesh quality optimisation and untangling of invalid high-order meshes.
Green MD, Peiro J, 2018, Long duration SPH simulations of sloshing in tanks with a low fill ratio and high stretching, COMPUTERS & FLUIDS, Vol: 174, Pages: 179-199, ISSN: 0045-7930
Eichstaedt JR, Green M, Turner M, et al., 2018, Accelerating high-order mesh optimisation with an architecture-independent programming model, Computer Physics Communications, Vol: 229, Pages: 36-53, ISSN: 0010-4655
Heterogeneous manycore performance-portable programming models and libraries, such as Kokkos, have been developed to facilitate portability and maintainability of high-performance computing codes and enhance their resilience to architectural changes. Here we investigate the suitability of the Kokkos programming model for optimizing the performance of the high-order mesh generator NekMesh, which has been developed to efficiently generate meshes containing millions of elements for industrial problem involving complex geometries. We describe the variational approach for a posteriori high-order mesh optimisation employed within NekMesh and its parallel implementation. We discuss its implementation for modern manycore massively parallel shared-memory CPU and GPU platforms using Kokkos and demonstrate that we achieve increased performance on multicore CPUs and accelerators compared with a native Pthreads implementation. Further, we show that we achieve additional speedup and cost reduction by running on GPUs without any hardware-specific code optimisation.
Mengaldo G, Moura RC, Giralda B, et al., 2018, Spatial eigensolution analysis of discontinuous Galerkin schemes with practical insights for under-resolved computations and implicit LES, Computers and Fluids, Vol: 169, Pages: 349-364, ISSN: 0045-7930
The study focusses on the dispersion and diffusion characteristics of discontinuous spectral element methods - specifically discontinuous Galerkin (DG) - via the spatial eigensolution analysis framework built around a one-dimensional linear problem, namely the linear advection equation. Dispersion and diffusion characteristics are of critical importance when dealing with under-resolved computations, as they affect both the numerical stability of the simulation and the solution accuracy. The spatial eigensolution analysis carried out in this paper complements previous analyses based on the temporal approach, which are more commonly found in the literature. While the latter assumes periodic boundary conditions, the spatial approach assumes inflow/outflow type boundary conditions and is therefore better suited for the investigation of open flows typical of aerodynamic problems, including transitional and fully turbulent flows and aeroacoustics. The influence of spurious/reflected eigenmodes is assessed with regard to the presence of upwind dissipation, naturally present in DG methods. This provides insights into the accuracy and robustness of these schemes for under-resolved computations, including under-resolved direct numerical simulation (uDNS) and implicit large-eddy simulation (iLES). The results estimated from the spatial eigensolution analysis are verified using the one-dimensional linear advection equation and successively by performing two-dimensional compressible Euler simulations that mimic (spatially developing) grid turbulence.
Winters A, Moura RC, Mengaldo G, et al., 2018, A comparative study on polynomial dealiasing and split form discontinuous Galerkin schemes for under-resolved turbulence computations, Journal of Computational Physics, ISSN: 0021-9991
Cohen J, Marcon J, Turner M, et al., 2018, Simplifying high-order mesh generation for computational scientists, 10th International Workshop on Science Gateways, Publisher: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, ISSN: 1613-0073
Computational modelling is now tightly integrated into many fields of research in science and industry. Computational fluid dynamics software, for example, gives engineers the ability to model fluid flow around complex geometries defined in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) packages, without the expense of constructing large wind tunnel experiments. However, such modelling requires translation from an initial CAD geometry to a mesh of many small elements that modelling software uses to represent the approximate solution in the numerical method. Generating sufficiently high-quality meshes for simulation is a time-consuming, iterative and error-prone process that is often complicated by the need to interact with multiple command-line tools to generate and visualise the mesh data. In this paper we describe our approach to overcoming this complexity through the addition of a meshing console to Nekkloud, a science gateway for simplifying access to the functionality of the Nektar++ spectral/hp element framework. The meshing console makes use of the NekMesh tool in Nektar++ to help reduce the complexity of the mesh generation process. It offers a web-based interface for specifying parameters, undertaking meshing and visualising results. The meshing console enables Nekkloud to offer support for a full, end-to-end simulation pipeline from initial CAD geometry to simulation results.
Marcon J, Turner M, Peiro J, et al., 2018, High-order curvilinear hybrid mesh generation for CFD simulations, AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting
We describe a semi-structured method for the generation of high-order hybrid meshes suited for the simulation of high Reynolds number flows. This is achieved through the use of highly stretched elements in the viscous boundary layers near the wall surfaces. CADfix is used to first repair any possible defects in the CAD geometry and then generate a medial object based decomposition of the domain that wraps the wall boundaries with partitions suitable for the generation of either prismatic or hexahedral elements. The latter is a novel distinctive feature of the method that permits to obtain well-shaped hexahedral meshes at corners or junctions in the boundary layer. The medial object approach allows greater control on the “thickness” of the boundary-layer mesh than is generally achievable with advancing layer techniques. CADfix subsequently generates a hybrid straight-sided mesh of prismatic and hexahedral elements in the near-field region modelling the boundary layer, and tetrahedral elements in the far-field region covering the rest of the domain. The mesh in the near-field region provides a framework that facilitates the generation, via an isoparametric technique, of layers of highly stretched elements with a distribution of points in the direction normal to the wall tailored to efficiently and accurately capture the flow in the boundary layer. The final step is the generation of a high-order mesh using NekMesh, a high-order mesh generator within the Nektar++ framework. NekMesh uses the CADfix API as a geometry engine that handles all the geometrical queries to the CAD geometry required during the high-order mesh generation process. We will describe in some detail the methodology using a simple geometry, a NACA wing tip, for illustrative purposes. Finally, we will present two examples of application to reasonably complex geometries proposed by NASA as CFD validation cases: the Common Research Model and the Rotor 67.
Turner M, Moxey D, Peiro J, et al., 2017, A framework for the generation of high-order curvilinear hybrid meshes for CFD simulations, 26th International Meshing Roundtable (IMR), Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: 206-218, ISSN: 1877-7058
We present a pipeline of state-of-the-art techniques for the generation of high-order meshes that contain highly stretched elements in viscous boundary layers, and are suitable for flow simulations at high Reynolds numbers. The pipeline uses CADfix to generate a medial object based decomposition of the domain, which wraps the wall boundaries with prismatic partitions. The use of medial object allows the prism height to be larger than is generally possible with advancing layer techniques. CADfix subsequently generates a hybrid straight-sided (or linear) mesh. A high-order mesh is then generated a posteriori using NekMesh, a high-order mesh generator within the Nektar++ framework. During the high-order mesh generation process, the CAD definition of the domain is interrogated; we describe the process for integrating the CADfix API as an alternative backend geometry engine for NekMesh, and discuss some of the implementation issues encountered. Finally, we illustrate the methodology using three geometries of increasing complexity: a wing tip, a simplified landing gear and an aircraft in cruise configuration.
Rainbird J, Peiro J, Graham JM, 2017, Poststall Airfoil Performance and Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines, JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER, Vol: 33, Pages: 1053-1062, ISSN: 0748-4658
Marcon J, Turner M, Moxey D, et al., 2017, A variational approach to high-order r-adaptation, 26th International Meshing Roundtable
A variational framework, initially developed for high-order mesh optimisation, is being extended for r-adaptation. The method is based on the minimisation of a functional of the mesh deformation. To achieve adaptation, elements of the initial mesh are manipulated using metric tensors to obtain target elements. The nonlinear optimisation in turns adapts the final high-order mesh to best fit the description of the target elements by minimising the element distortion. Encouraging preliminary results prove that the method behaves well and can be used in the future for more extensive work which shall include the use of error indicators from CFD simulations.
Ekelschot D, Moxey D, Sherwin SJ, et al., 2017, A p-adaptation method for compressible flow problems using a goal-based error indicator, Computers and Structures, Vol: 181, Pages: 55-69, ISSN: 0045-7949
An accurate calculation of aerodynamic force coefficients for a given geometry is of fundamental importance for aircraft design. High-order spectral/hp element methods, which use a discontinuous Galerkin discretisation of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations, are now increasingly being used to improve the accuracy of flow simulations and thus the force coefficients. To reduce error in the calculated force coefficients whilst keeping computational cost minimal, we propose a p-adaptation method where the degree of the approximating polynomial is locally increased in the regions of the flow where low resolution is identified using a goal-based error estimator as follows.Given an objective functional such as the aerodynamic force coefficients, we use control theory to derive an adjoint problem which provides the sensitivity of the functional with respect to changes in the flow variables, and assume that these changes are represented by the local truncation error. In its final form, the goal-based error indicator represents the effect of truncation error on the objective functional, suitably weighted by the adjoint solution. Both flow governing and adjoint equations are solved by the same high-order method, where we allow the degree of the polynomial within an element to vary across the mesh.We initially calculate a steady-state solution to the governing equations using a low polynomial order and use the goal-based error indicator to identify parts of the computational domain that require improved solution accuracy which is achieved by increasing the approximation order. We demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of our method across a range of polynomial orders by considering a number of examples in two- and three-dimensions and in subsonic and transonic flow regimes. Reductions in both the number of degrees of freedom required to resolve the force coefficients to a given error, as well as the computational cost, are both observed in using the p-adaptive technique.
Moura RC, Mengaldo G, Peiro J, et al., 2017, On the eddy-resolving capability of high-order discontinuous Galerkin approaches to implicit LES / under-resolved DNS of Euler turbulence, Journal of Computational Physics, Vol: 330, Pages: 615-623, ISSN: 0021-9991
We present estimates of spectral resolution power for under-resolved turbulent Euler flows obtained with high-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods. The ‘1% rule’ based on linear dispersion–diffusion analysis introduced by Moura et al. (2015) [10] is here adapted for 3D energy spectra and validated through the inviscid Taylor–Green vortex problem. The 1% rule estimates the wavenumber beyond which numerical diffusion induces an artificial dissipation range on measured energy spectra. As the original rule relies on standard upwinding, different Riemann solvers are tested. Very good agreement is found for solvers which treat the different physical waves in a consistent manner. Relatively good agreement is still found for simpler solvers. The latter however displayed spurious features attributed to the inconsistent treatment of different physical waves. It is argued that, in the limit of vanishing viscosity, such features might have a significant impact on robustness and solution quality. The estimates proposed are regarded as useful guidelines for no-model DG-based simulations of free turbulence at very high Reynolds numbers.
Moura RC, Peiro J, Sherwin SJ, 2017, On the accuracy and robustness of implicit LES/under-resolved DNS approaches based on spectral element methods
We present a study on the suitability of under-resolved DNS (uDNS)-also called implicit LES (iLES)-approaches based on spectral element methods (SEM), with emphasis on high-order continuous and discontinuous Galerkin (i.e. CG and DG) schemes. Broadly speaking, these are model-free eddy-resolving approaches to turbulence which solve the governing equations in unfiltered form and rely on numerical stabilization techniques for small-scale regularization. Model problems in 1D, 2D and 3D are used in the assessment of solution quality and numerical stability. A rationale for the excellent potential of these methods for transitional and turbulent flows is offered on the basis of linear dispersion-diffusion analysis.
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