Publications
142 results found
Efthymiou S, Standing JR, Kavvadas M, 2013, Design of screw piles, Baltic Piling, Pages: 137-144, ISBN: 9780415643344
The paper compares conventional pile design methods with the ScrewFast methodology for estimating the capacity of screw piles. The ScrewFast method is based on the conventional design method, but uses several pile-specific assumptions which improve its accuracy and reliability. The predictions of the conventional and the ScrewFast methodology were correlated with actual torque measurements during pile installation and with several pile load tests on 16 screw piles (13 tests in compression and 3 tests in tension) in both cohesive and granular soils. As only two of the pile load tests reached failure, Chin's extrapolation method was applied in the other tests for the estimation of the failure load. The analysis showed that pile designs based on the empirical torque-to-load relationship (where torque is the minimum installation torque) can provide the capacity of screw piles, at least for the range of soil types examined.
Harris DI, Mair RJ, Burland JB, et al., 2013, Protective compensation grouting operations beneath the Big Ben Clock Tower, Geotechnics and Heritage: Case Histories, Pages: 137-152, ISBN: 9781138000544
The construction of the Jubilee line Extension Station at Westminster, London was predicted to produce significant movements of the Big Ben Clock tower and the adjoining Palace of Westminster. The works consisted of the excavation of two 7.4 m tunnels and a 39 m deep station escalator box located 34 m north of the foundations of the Clock Tower. The protective measures adopted to minimise damage to these priceless historic buildings consisted primarily of compensation grouting below the Clock Tower and proved extremely effective in controlling settlement and tilt of the structure. This case study not only demonstrates the success of this innovative protective measure, but also shows the value of careful interpretation of appropriate numerical modelling and the results of high quality monitoring during and after completion of the works.
Standing JR, 2012, The development of unsaturated soil mechanics at Imperial College, London, Pages: 117-136
Saturated soil mechanics is a complex subject because of the particulate form of the solid phase of soil, its interaction with the aqueous water phase and also because soil is a product of nature and so has potentially great variability. When the soil dries such that there is also an air phase it becomes unsaturated and its behaviour is far more complex because of the interface between the air and the water and the volumetric response of the air under changing conditions of pressure and temperature. Additionally the pressure in the water phase becomes negative (tensile) and measuring such pressures has until recently been fraught with problems. As many parts of the world are covered by unsaturated soils, understanding their response would significantly enhance engineering design and analysis. This paper describes the research work done at Imperial College over the past decades to advance our understanding of unsaturated soils. The work is considered under four main headings of theoretical formulations, laboratory experimentation, field studies and numerical analysis research. © 2012 IEEE.
Jardine RJ, Standing JR, 2012, Field axial cyclic loading experiments on piles driven in sand, Soils and Foundations, Vol: 52, Pages: 723-737
Puzrin AM, Burland JB, Standing JR, 2012, Simple approach to predicting ground displacements caused by tunnelling in undrained anisotropic elastic soil, GEOTECHNIQUE, Vol: 62, Pages: 341-352, ISSN: 0016-8505
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- Citations: 36
Puzrin AM, Burland JB, Standing JR, 2012, Simple approach to predicting ground dis[placements caused by tunnelling in undrained anisotropic elastic soil, Geotechnique: international journal of soil mechanics, Vol: 62, Pages: 341-352
Standing JR, 2012, The development of unsaturated soil mechanics at imperial college, London, Geotechnical Engineering, Vol: 43, Pages: 59-75, ISSN: 0046-5828
Saturated soil mechanics is a complex subject because of the particulate form of the solid phase of soil, its interaction with the aqueous water phase and also because soil is a product of nature and so has potentially great variability. When the soil dries such that there is also an air phase it becomes unsaturated and its behaviour is far more complex because of the interface between the air and the water and the volumetric response of the air under changing conditions of pressure and temperature. Additionally the pressure in the water phase becomes negative (tensile) and measuring such pressures has until recently been fraught with problems. As many parts of the world are covered by unsaturated soils, understanding their response would significantly enhance engineering design and analysis. This paper describes the research work done at Imperial College over the past decades to advance our understanding of unsaturated soils. The work is considered under four main headings of theoretical formulations, laboratory experimentation, field studies and numerical analysis research.
Standing JR, 2012, Construction, design and measured performance of deep excavations, Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Pages: 87-96, ISBN: 9780415683678
This paper presents an overview of the papers submitted for the session on Construction, Design and Measured Performance of Deep Excavations, submitted for the proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, held from 16 to 18 May 2011 in Rome.
Han X, Liu C, Standing JR, 2012, Structural settlement of existing tunnel caused by new tunnel excavated underneath, Tumu Gongcheng Xuebao/China Civil Engineering Journal, Vol: 45, Pages: 134-141, ISSN: 1000-131X
Because of the rapid growth of urban subway system both at home and abroad, a more frequently encountered situation is that the new tunnel needs to pass through existing tunnel(s), which may cause considerable risk to the existing tunnel structure and the safety of the train. A modified stiffness method is proposed for predicting the structural settlement of existing tunnel caused by new tunnel excavated underneath, based on observations from field monitoring data. Some key factors, such as the depth of the existing tunnels, the structural stiffness, are studied and discussed. The suggested method can be served as a new approach to evaluation of the risk caused by construction of tunnels in urban environment.
Standing JR, 2012, Construction, design and measured performance of deep excavations, 7th International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Publisher: CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, Pages: 87-95
Han X, Li N, Standing JR, 2011, Study on characteristics of structural deformation caused by urban excavation, Tumu Gongcheng Xuebao/China Civil Engineering Journal, Vol: 44, ISSN: 1000-131X
The urban deep excavation and subway tunneling work can cause ground movement and the deformation or even damage of the nearby buildings or other structures. However, little research has been reported on the characteristics and mechanism of the building deformation based on the studies on real building behavior, which is very important to establish the efficient structural deformation prediction procedure and damage assessment system. A method to evaluate the building deformation modes, i. e. shearing or bending, is proposed in this paper based on the theoretical analysis using a newly suggested parameter 'bending deformation ratio'. From the observation of the measured data of two real buildings in London applying the method suggested, it is found that these two buildings mainly underwent shearing deformation during tunneling excavation. In the subsequent further analyses, it is concluded that for the general multiple-storey building affected by excavation, it is more likely to experience shearing deformation rather than bending. According to this conclusion, it is suggested to use the shearing stiffness to consider the structural effects in the related analyses, which is different from commonly adopted assumption that building deformation is dominated by bending. Also, the structural stiffness ratio E/G is calculated for the first time, which also adds the knowledge on the real characteristics of building deformation by excavation work in the vicinity.
Han X, Standing JR, Li N, 2009, Modified stiffness approach to predict deformation of building induced by tunnelling, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol: 31, Pages: 539-545, ISSN: 1000-4548
The urban tunnel construction will cause ground movement and the deformation or even damage of the nearby buildings or other structures. It's very common in practice that the stiffness of structure may be ignored in the settlement prediction and damage assessment of building because of the nature of the complexity of tunnel-soil-structure interaction. Based on the study of 29 sets of settlement profiles measured from Jubilee Line Extension project, London, an observation is put forward that the settlement profiles of the building also can be fit very well by the Gaussian equation in case of using a larger trough-width parameter K influenced by the structural stiffness. Thus an empirical relationship between the parameter K and the shear stiffness of the building is proposed which can be used to predict the trough parameter according to the building stiffness, and a 'Modified Stiffness Method' is suggested. Compared with the numerical approach, the present method is a simple and efficient way that considered the result of the complicated tunnel-soil-structure interaction effects. The effectiveness of this method is evaluated by the monitoring data from Beijing.
Han X, Standing JR, Li N, 2009, Analysis of tunnelling-induced twist deformation of buildings, Tumu Gongcheng Xuebao/China Civil Engineering Journal, Vol: 43, Pages: 82-88, ISSN: 1000-131X
Buildings and other structures may have to bear ground movements caused by construction of subway tunnels or other underground structures in the vicinity. In assessing building damages it is common practice to consider only structural bending or shearing, while ignore the twist deformation of structures due to the theoretical complexity and lack of relevant measurement data. However, twist deformation commonly occurs in buildings under excavation-induced ground movements and thus important to the safety of the structures. The mathematical and physical definitions of the twist deformation of a building plane are discussed, and a calculation method is proposed through a theoretical analysis of the building deformation modes. This method is assessed through a study of the measurement data for the Elizabeth House in London, which was monitored extensively during the construction of a nearby subway tunnel. Based on the case study, characteristics of building twist deformation are discussed.
Standing JR, Potts DM, 2008, Contributions to <i>Geotechnique</i> 1948-2008:: Tunnelling, GEOTECHNIQUE, Vol: 58, Pages: 391-398, ISSN: 0016-8505
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- Citations: 9
Choy CK, Standing JR, Mair RJ, 2007, Stability of a loaded pile adjacent to a slurry-supported trench, GEOTECHNIQUE, Vol: 57, Pages: 807-819, ISSN: 0016-8505
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- Citations: 13
Jardine RJ, Standing JR, Chow FC, et al., 2007, Some observations of the effects of time on the capacity of piles driven in sand, GEOTECHNIQUE, Vol: 57, Pages: 629-631, ISSN: 0016-8505
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- Citations: 2
Jardine RJ, Standing JR, Chow FC, et al., 2007, Some observations of the effects of time on the capacity of piles driven in sand, GEOTECHNIQUE, Vol: 57, Pages: 323-327, ISSN: 0016-8505
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- Citations: 1
Han X, Li N, Standing JR, 2007, Study on subsurface ground movement caused by urban tunneling, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, Vol: 28, Pages: 609-613, ISSN: 1000-7598
The research on subsurface ground movement has a great importance in terms of the evaluation of the risks to the subsurface structures and pipelines influenced by tunneling. However, this is a topic about which is little known. According to the research by Mair et al (1993) who analyzed the subsurface data from various tunneling projects and centrifuge tests in clays, subsurface settlement profiles could also be reasonably approximated by the form of a Gaussian distribution in the same way as surface settlement profiles. Their equation based on this observation is widely used. However, a fixed value for surface settlement trough-width parameters K is used for clay in the equation, which causes considerable errors for different geological conditions. Also, because of the data they used, Mair equation is only applicable to clays. Based on field data analysis, a normalized ratio ηd is suggested in this paper to account for the different geological conditions; and a modified Mair equation is established which is not only suitable for the cases surface settlement trough with different width parameters, but also can be used for sands. Thus this modified general expression can be used to predict the subsurface ground movement with a broader adaptability compared with the original Mair equation.
Han X, Li N, Standing JR, 2007, An adaptability study of Gaussian equation applied to predicting ground settlements induced by tunneling in China, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, Vol: 28, ISSN: 1000-7598
Gaussian equation suggested by professor Peck in 1969 is one of the most popular-used methods to predict the soft ground movement induced by shallow tunneling work. The application of this method in China should be carefully verified and evaluated since it was suggested based on case history studies. Because of the lack of the well-compiled measured data in China, there is no clear conclusion on the adaptability of the Gaussian equation to predict the ground movement induced by the metro tunneling until now. Based on the collection of the published case history analysis, including more than 30 sets of measured data from eight areas in China, the accuracy of the Gaussian equation applied to predict the ground settlement is discussed and evaluated in detail, some typical key parameters are also suggested to the designers.
Vaughan PR, Standing J, Zdravkovic L, 2006, The effect of compaction on bulk permeability of stiff clay and mudrock - Field experience from embankment dams, Pages: 797-807
The permeability of in-situ clays and soft mud rocks is strongly affected by slightly open fissures. These are difficult to discover from site investigation as the permeability of the parent intact material Is very low. This is measured by laboratory tests and, often, by in-situ tests. It is difficult to prove the absence of open fissures and low bulk permeability. This causes uncertainty in the use of these materials as impermeable seals. However, field experience is that when these materials are placed as fills using modern plant, a uniform low permeability results. There is much experience in the construction of the cores and fills of embankment dams. This experience is reviewed.
Jardine RJ, Standing JR, Chow FC, 2006, Some observations of the effects of time on the capacity of piles driven in sand, GEOTECHNIQUE, Vol: 56, Pages: 227-244, ISSN: 0016-8505
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- Citations: 132
Standing JR, Burland JB, 2006, Unexpected tunnelling volume losses in the Westminster area, London, GEOTECHNIQUE, Vol: 56, Pages: 11-26, ISSN: 0016-8505
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- Citations: 48
Standing JR, 2006, Monitoring ground and structural response to underground construction works, London, 5th international conference on getechnical aspects of underground construction in soft ground, 15 - 17 June 2005, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS, Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd, Pages: 67-80
Selemetas D, Standing JR, Mair RJ, 2006, The response of full-scale piles to tunnelling, 5th International Conference on Getechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Publisher: TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, Pages: 763-+
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- Citations: 26
Standing JR, Leung WYMT, 2006, Investigating stresses around tunnels and piles using photo-elasticity techniques, 5th International Conference on Getechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Publisher: TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, Pages: 171-+
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- Citations: 2
Choy CK, Mair RJ, Standing JR, 2006, The stability of piles adjacent to a slurry-supported trench, 5th International Conference on Getechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Publisher: TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, Pages: 823-+
Standing JR, Burland JB, 2006, Investigating variations in tunnelling volume loss - a case study, 5th International Conference on Getechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Publisher: TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, Pages: 305-+
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- Citations: 1
Jardine RJ, Standing JR, Kovacevic N, 2005, Lessons learned from full scale observations and the practical application of advanced testing and modelling, Pages: 201-245
Field observations from thirteen recent case histories from the UK and France are described which are used to assess an approach for predicting ground movements and soil-structure interaction. High quality site investigations, including very careful sampling and advanced testing are seen to be crucial to success. Providing there are adequate geotechnical data, the non-linear FE predictive approach advocated by the Authors is shown to be sufficient for most engineering purposes, considering typical project time scales. Factors that merit particular attention include: the geological model; sampling and testing quality; anisotropy and pressure dependency; a fully non-linear modelling approach; addressing behaviour from very small to large strains; the 'structure' of natural and artificial geomaterials; the possibility of brittle failure; three dimensional geometry and construction details; permeability and groundwater variations. It is shown, however, that the present approach does not capture some important long term effects of time, creep and ageing. Comments are also made on the use of such advanced techniques in combination with an 'observational approach', and on pos-sible avenues for further research and development. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group.
Jardine RJ, Standing JR, Chow FC, 2005, Field research into the effects of time on the shaft capacity of piles driven in sand, International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics, Publisher: Taylor and Francis, Pages: 705-710
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