Publications
157 results found
Omairi S, Matsakas A, Degens H, et al., 2016, Enhanced exercise and regenerative capacity in a mouse model that violates size constraints of oxidative muscle fibres, ELIFE, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2050-084X
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- Citations: 42
Grimaldi R, Swann JR, Vulevic J, et al., 2016, Fermentation properties and potential prebiotic activity of Bimuno® galacto-oligosaccharide (65 % galacto-oligosaccharide content) on in vitro gut microbiota parameters, British Journal of Nutrition, Vol: 116, Pages: 480-486, ISSN: 1475-2662
Prebiotic oligosaccharides have the ability to generate important changes in the gut microbiota composition that may confer health benefits to the host. Reducing the impurities in prebiotic mixtures could expand their applications in food industries and improve their selectivity and prebiotic effect on the potential beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. This study aimed to determine the in vitro potential fermentation properties of a 65 % galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) content Bimuno® GOS (B-GOS) on gut microbiota composition and their metabolites. Fermentation of 65 % B-GOS was compared with 52 % B-GOS in pH- and volume-controlled dose–response anaerobic batch culture experiments. In total, three different doses (1, 0·5 and 0·33 g equivalent to 0·1, 0·05 and 0·033 g/l) were tested. Changes in the gut microbiota during a time course were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridisation, whereas small molecular weight metabolomics profiles and SCFA were determined by 1H-NMR analysis and GC, respectively. The 65 % B-GOS showed positive modulation of the microbiota composition during the first 8 h of fermentation with all doses. Administration of the specific doses of B-GOS induced a significant increase in acetate as the major SCFA synthesised compared with propionate and butyrate concentrations, but there were no significant differences between substrates. The 65 % B-GOS in syrup format seems to have, in all the analysis, an efficient prebiotic effect. However, the applicability of such changes remains to be shown in an in vivo trial.
Bottin JH, Swann JR, Cropp E, et al., 2016, Mycoprotein reduces energy intake and postprandial insulin release without altering glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine concentrations in healthy overweight and obese adults: a randomised-controlled trial, British Journal of Nutrition, Vol: 116, Pages: 360-374, ISSN: 1475-2662
Dietary mycoprotein decreases energy intake in lean individuals. The effects in overweight individuals are unclear, and the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mycoprotein on energy intake, appetite regulation, and the metabolic phenotype in overweight and obese volunteers. In two randomised-controlled trials, fifty-five volunteers (age: 31 (95 % CI 27, 35) years), BMI: 28·0 (95 % CI 27·3, 28·7) kg/m2) consumed a test meal containing low (44 g), medium (88 g) or high (132 g) mycoprotein or isoenergetic chicken meals. Visual analogue scales and blood samples were collected to measure appetite, glucose, insulin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Ad libitum energy intake was assessed after 3 h in part A (n 36). Gastric emptying by the paracetamol method, resting energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were recorded in part B (n 14). Metabonomics was used to compare plasma and urine samples in response to the test meals. Mycoprotein reduced energy intake by 10 % (280 kJ (67 kcal)) compared with chicken at the high content (P=0·009). All mycoprotein meals reduced insulin concentrations compared with chicken (incremental AUClow (IAUClow): -8 %, IAUCmedium: -12 %, IAUChigh: -21 %, P=0·004). There was no significant difference in glucose, PYY, GLP-1, gastric emptying rate and energy expenditure. Following chicken intake, paracetamol-glucuronide was positively associated with fullness. After mycoprotein, creatinine and the deamination product of isoleucine, α-keto-β-methyl-N-valerate, were inversely related to fullness, whereas the ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate, was positively associated. In conclusion, mycoprotein reduces energy intake and insulin release in overweight volunteers. The mechanism does not involve changes in PYY and GLP-1. The metabonomics analysis may bring new understanding to the appetite regulatory properties of food.
Swann JR, 2016, Maternal Weaning ModulatesEmotional Behavior and Regulatesthe Gut-Brain Axis, Scientific Reports, Vol: 6, ISSN: 2045-2322
Evidence shows that nutritional and environmental stress stimuli during postnatal period influence brain development and interactions between gut and brain. In this study we show that in rats, prevention of weaning from maternal milk results in depressive-like behavior, which is accompanied by changes in the gut bacteria and host metabolism. Depressive-like behavior was studied using the forced-swim test on postnatal day (PND) 25 in rats either weaned on PND 21, or left with their mother until PND 25 (non-weaned). Non-weaned rats showed an increased immobility time consistent with a depressive phenotype. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed non-weaned rats to harbor significantly lowered Clostridium histolyticum bacterial groups but exhibit marked stress-induced increases. Metabonomic analysis of urine from these animals revealed significant differences in the metabolic profiles, with biochemical phenotypes indicative of depression in the non-weaned animals. In addition, non-weaned rats showed resistance to stress-induced modulation of oxytocin receptors in amygdala nuclei, which is indicative of passive stress-coping mechanism. We conclude that delaying weaning results in alterations to the gut microbiota and global metabolic profiles which may contribute to a depressive phenotype and raise the issue that mood disorders at early developmental ages may reflect interplay between mammalian host and resident bacteria.
Swann JR, Bartelt LA, Guerrant RL, 2016, Decoding Hidden Messages: Can Fecal Host TranscriptomicsOpen Pathways to Understanding Environmental Enteropathy?, Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol: 2, Pages: 114-115, ISSN: 2352-345X
Mayneris-Perxachs J, Lima AAM, Guerrant RL, et al., 2016, Urinary N-methylnicotinamide and β-aminoisobutyric acid predict catch-up growth in undernourished Brazilian children, Scientific Reports, Vol: 6, ISSN: 2045-2322
Enteric infections, enteropathy and undernutrition in early childhood are preventable risk factors for child deaths, impaired neurodevelopment, and later life metabolic diseases. However, the mechanisms linking these exposures and outcomes remain to be elucidated, as do biomarkers for identifying children at risk. By examining the urinary metabolic phenotypes of nourished and undernourished children participating in a case-control study in Semi-Arid Brazil, we identified key differences with potential relevance to mechanisms, biomarkers and outcomes. Undernutrition was found to perturb several biochemical pathways, including choline and tryptophan metabolism, while also increasing the proteolytic activity of the gut microbiome. Furthermore, a metabolic adaptation was observed in the undernourished children to reduce energy expenditure, reflected by increased N-methylnicotinamide and reduced β-aminoisobutyric acid excretion. Interestingly, accelerated catch-up growth was observed in those undernourished children displaying a more robust metabolic adaptation several months earlier. Hence, urinary N-methylnicotinamide and β-aminoisobutyric acid represent promising biomarkers for predicting short-term growth outcomes in undernourished children and for identifying children destined for further growth shortfalls. These findings have important implications for understanding contributors to long-term sequelae of early undernutrition, including cognitive, growth, and metabolic functions.
Darzi J, Frost GS, Swann JR, et al., 2015, l-rhamnose as a source of colonic propionate inhibits insulin secretion but does not influence measures of appetite or food intake., Appetite, Vol: 98, Pages: 142-149, ISSN: 1095-8304
Activation of free fatty acid receptor (FFAR)2 and FFAR3 via colonic short-chain fatty acids, particularly propionate, are postulated to explain observed inverse associations between dietary fiber intake and body weight. Propionate is reported as the predominant colonic fermentation product from l-rhamnose, a natural monosaccharide that resists digestion and absorption reaching the colon intact, while effects of long-chain inulin on appetite have not been extensively investigated. In this single-blind randomized crossover study, healthy unrestrained eaters (n = 13) ingested 25.5 g/d l-rhamnose, 22.4 g/d inulin or no supplement (control) alongside a standardized breakfast and lunch, following a 6-d run-in to investigate if appetite was inhibited. Postprandial qualitative appetite, breath hydrogen, and plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids were assessed for 420 min, then an ad libitum meal was provided. Significant treatment x time effects were found for postprandial insulin (P = 0.009) and non-esterified fatty acids (P = 0.046) with a significantly lower insulin response for l-rhamnose (P = 0.023) than control. No differences between treatments were found for quantitative and qualitative appetite measures, although significant treatment x time effects for meal desire (P = 0.008) and desire to eat sweet (P = 0.036) were found. Breath hydrogen was significantly higher with inulin (P = 0.001) and l-rhamnose (P = 0.009) than control, indicating colonic fermentation. These findings suggest l-rhamnose may inhibit postprandial insulin secretion, however neither l-rhamnose or inulin influenced appetite.
Matsakas A, Prosdocimo DA, Mitchell R, et al., 2015, Investigating mechanisms underpinning the detrimental impact of a high-fat diet in the developing and adult hypermuscular myostatin null mouse, Skeletal Muscle, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2044-5040
BackgroundObese adults are prone to develop metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, over-weight expectant mothers give birth to large babies who also have increased likelihood of developing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Fundamental advancements to better understand the pathophysiology of obesity are critical in the development of anti-obesity therapies not only for this but also future generations. Skeletal muscle plays a major role in fat metabolism and much work has focused in promoting this activity in order to control the development of obesity. Research has evaluated myostatin inhibition as a strategy to prevent the development of obesity and concluded in some cases that it offers a protective mechanism against a high-fat diet.MethodsPregnant as well as virgin myostatin null mice and age matched wild type animals were raised on a high fat diet for up to 10 weeks. The effect of the diet was tested on skeletal muscle, liver and fat. Quantitate PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, in-vivo and ex-vivo muscle characterisation, metabonomic and lipidomic measurements were from the four major cohorts.ResultsWe hypothesised that myostatin inhibition should protect not only the mother but also its developing foetus from the detrimental effects of a high-fat diet. Unexpectedly, we found muscle development was attenuated in the foetus of myostatin null mice raised on a high-fat diet. We therefore re-examined the effect of the high-fat diet on adults and found myostatin null mice were more susceptible to diet-induced obesity through a mechanism involving impairment of inter-organ fat utilization.ConclusionsLoss of myostatin alters fatty acid uptake and oxidation in skeletal muscle and liver. We show that abnormally high metabolic activity of fat in myostatin null mice is decreased by a high-fat diet resulting in excessive adipose deposition and lipotoxicity. Collectively, our genetic loss-of-function studies offer an explanation of the lean phen
Escalona EE, Leng J, Dona AC, et al., 2015, Dominant components of the Thoroughbred metabolome characterised by <SUP>1</SUP>H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: A metabolite atlas of common biofluids, EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Vol: 47, Pages: 721-730, ISSN: 0425-1644
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- Citations: 27
Blatchford P, Stoklosinski H, Walton G, et al., 2015, Kiwifruit fermentation drives positive gut microbial and metabolic changes irrespective of initial microbiota composition, Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre, Vol: 6, Pages: 37-45, ISSN: 2212-6198
It is well established that individuals vary greatly in the composition of their core microbiota. Despite differing ecology, we show here that metabolic capacity converges under the pressure of kiwifruit substrates in a model gut system. The impact of pre-digested green and gold kiwifruit on the human colonic microbiota and their metabolic products was assessed using in vitro, pH-controlled, anaerobic batch culture fermenters. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that bacterial composition changed over time, irrespective of whether a substrate was added or not, indicating a natural adjustment period to the gut model environment. Adding kiwifruit substrate caused additional changes in terms of growth of specific bacterial groups, bacterial diversity and metabolite profiles. Relative abundance of Bacteroides spp. increased with both green and gold kiwifruit substrate while Bifidobacterium spp. increased only with green kiwifruit. NMR spectroscopy and GC demonstrated an increase in organic acids (primarily acetate, butyrate, and propionate) and a concomitant decrease in several amino acids and oligosaccharides following addition of green and gold kiwifruit substrate. The experiments demonstrated that despite markedly different baseline profiles in individual donor inoculum, kiwifruit components can induce substantive change in microbial ecology and metabolism which could have consequences for human health.
Collins-Hooper H, Sartori R, Giallourou N, et al., 2015, Correction: Symmorphosis through Dietary Regulation: A Combinatorial Role for Proteolysis, Autophagy and Protein Synthesis in Normalising Muscle Metabolism and Function of Hypertrophic Mice after Acute Starvation, PLOS One, Vol: 10, ISSN: 1932-6203
Collins-Hooper H, Sartori R, Giallourou N, et al., 2015, Symmorphosis through Dietary Regulation: A Combinatorial Role for Proteolysis, Autophagy and Protein Synthesis in Normalising Muscle Metabolism and Function of Hypertrophic Mice after Acute Starvation, PLOS ONE, Vol: 10, ISSN: 1932-6203
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- Citations: 10
Reid G, Brigidi P, Burton JP, et al., 2014, Microbes Central to Human Reproduction, American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, Vol: 73, Pages: 1-11, ISSN: 1600-0897
As studies uncover the breadth of microbes associated with human life, opportunities will emerge to manipulate and augment their functions in ways that improve health and longevity. From involvement in the complexities of reproduction and fetal/infant development, to delaying the onset of disease, and indeed countering many maladies, microbes offer hope for human well-being. Evidence is emerging to suggest that microbes may play a beneficial role in body sites traditionally viewed as being sterile. Although further evidence is required, we propose that much of medical dogma is about to change significantly through recognition and understanding of these hitherto unrecognized microbe–host interactions. A meeting of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics held in Aberdeen, Scotland (June 2014), presented new views and challenged established concepts on the role of microbes in reproduction and health of the mother and infant. This article summarizes some of the main aspects of these discussions.
Lees H, Swann J, Poucher SM, et al., 2014, Age and Microenvironment Outweigh Genetic Influence on the Zucker Rat Microbiome, PLOS One, Vol: 9, ISSN: 1932-6203
ArticleAuthorsMetricsCommentsRelated ContentAbstractIntroductionMethodsResultsDiscussionConclusionsSupporting InformationAuthor ContributionsReferencesReader Comments (0)Media Coverage (0)FiguresAbstractAnimal models are invaluable tools which allow us to investigate the microbiome-host dialogue. However, experimental design introduces biases in the data that we collect, also potentially leading to biased conclusions. With obesity at pandemic levels animal models of this disease have been developed; we investigated the role of experimental design on one such rodent model. We used 454 pyrosequencing to profile the faecal bacteria of obese (n = 6) and lean (homozygous n = 6; heterozygous n = 6) Zucker rats over a 10 week period, maintained in mixed-genotype cages, to further understand the relationships between the composition of the intestinal bacteria and age, obesity progression, genetic background and cage environment. Phylogenetic and taxon-based univariate and multivariate analyses (non-metric multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis) showed that age was the most significant source of variation in the composition of the faecal microbiota. Second to this, cage environment was found to clearly impact the composition of the faecal microbiota, with samples from animals from within the same cage showing high community structure concordance, but large differences seen between cages. Importantly, the genetically induced obese phenotype was not found to impact the faecal bacterial profiles. These findings demonstrate that the age and local environmental cage variables were driving the composition of the faecal bacteria and were more deterministically important than the host genotype. These findings have major implications for understanding the significance of functional metagenomic data in experimental studies and beg the question; what is being measured in animal experiments in which different strains are housed separately, nature or nurture?
Daud NM, Ismail NA, Thomas EL, et al., 2014, The Impact of Oligofructose on Stimulation of Gut Hormones, Appetite Regulation and Adiposity, OBESITY, Vol: 22, Pages: 1430-1438, ISSN: 1930-7381
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- Citations: 60
Frost GS, Walton GE, Swann JR, et al., 2014, Impacts of Plant-Based Foods in Ancestral Hominin Diets on the Metabolism and Function of Gut Microbiota In Vitro, mBio, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2161-2129
Gan XT, Ettinger G, Huang CX, et al., 2014, Probiotic Administration Attenuates Myocardial Hypertrophy and Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction in the Rat, CIRCULATION-HEART FAILURE, Vol: 7, Pages: 491-499, ISSN: 1941-3289
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- Citations: 195
Frost G, Sleeth ML, Sahuri-Arisoylu M, et al., 2014, The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism, Nature Communications, Vol: 5, Pages: 1-11, ISSN: 2041-1723
Increased intake of dietary carbohydrate that is fermented in the colon by the microbiota has been reported to decrease body weight, although the mechanism remains unclear. Here we use in vivo11C-acetate and PET-CT scanning to show that colonic acetate crosses the blood–brain barrier and is taken up by the brain. Intraperitoneal acetate results in appetite suppression and hypothalamic neuronal activation patterning. We also show that acetate administration is associated with activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and changes in the expression profiles of regulatory neuropeptides that favour appetite suppression. Furthermore, we demonstrate through 13C high-resolution magic-angle-spinning that 13C acetate from fermentation of 13C-labelled carbohydrate in the colon increases hypothalamic 13C acetate above baseline levels. Hypothalamic 13C acetate regionally increases the 13C labelling of the glutamate–glutamine and GABA neuroglial cycles, with hypothalamic 13C lactate reaching higher levels than the ‘remaining brain’. These observations suggest that acetate has a direct role in central appetite regulation.
Reid G, Nduti N, Sybesma W, et al., 2014, Harnessing microbiome and probiotic research in sub-Saharan Africa: recommendations from an African workshop, Microbiome, Vol: 2, ISSN: 2049-2618
To augment capacity-building for microbiome and probiotic research in Africa, a workshop was held in Nairobi, Kenya, at which researchers discussed human, animal, insect, and agricultural microbiome and probiotics/prebiotics topics. Five recommendations were made to promote future basic and translational research that benefits Africans.
Kok MGM, Swann JR, Wilson ID, et al., 2014, Hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry for anionic metabolic profiling of urine from antibiotic-treated rats, JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS, Vol: 92, Pages: 98-104, ISSN: 0731-7085
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- Citations: 12
Bodinham CL, Smith L, Thomas EL, et al., 2014, Efficacy of increased resistant starch consumption in human type 2 diabetes, Endocrine Connections, Vol: 3, Pages: 75-84, ISSN: 2049-3614
Resistant starch (RS) has been shown to beneficially affect insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals and those with metabolic syndrome, but its effects on human type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are unknown. This study aimed to determine the effects of increased RS consumption on insulin sensitivity and glucose control and changes in postprandial metabolites and body fat in T2DM. Seventeen individuals with well-controlled T2DM (HbA1c 46.6±2 mmol/mol) consumed, in a random order, either 40 g of type 2 RS (HAM-RS2) or a placebo, daily for 12 weeks with a 12-week washout period in between. AT THE END OF EACH INTERVENTION PERIOD, PARTICIPANTS ATTENDED FOR THREE METABOLIC INVESTIGATIONS: a two-step euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with an infusion of [6,6-(2)H2] glucose, a meal tolerance test (MTT) with arterio-venous sampling across the forearm, and whole-body imaging. HAM-RS2 resulted in significantly lower postprandial glucose concentrations (P=0.045) and a trend for greater glucose uptake across the forearm muscle (P=0.077); however, there was no effect of HAM-RS2 on hepatic or peripheral insulin sensitivity, or on HbA1c. Fasting non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were significantly lower (P=0.004) and NEFA suppression was greater during the clamp with HAM-RS2 (P=0.001). Fasting triglyceride (TG) concentrations and soleus intramuscular TG concentrations were significantly higher following the consumption of HAM-RS2 (P=0.039 and P=0.027 respectively). Although fasting GLP1 concentrations were significantly lower following HAM-RS2 consumption (P=0.049), postprandial GLP1 excursions during the MTT were significantly greater (P=0.009). HAM-RS2 did not improve tissue insulin sensitivity in well-controlled T2DM, but demonstrated beneficial effects on meal handling, possibly due to higher postprandial GLP1.
Swann JR, Claus SP, 2014, Nutrimetabonomics: nutritional applications of metabolic profiling., Sci Prog, Vol: 97, Pages: 41-47, ISSN: 0036-8504
An individual's metabolic phenotype, and ultimately health, is significantly influenced by complex interactions between their genes and the diet. Studying these associations and their downstream biochemical consequences has proven extremely challenging using traditional hypothesis-led strategies. Metabonomics, a systems biology approach, allows the global metabolic response of biological systems to stimuli to be characterised. Through the application of this approach to nutritional-based research, nutrimetabonomics, the biochemical response to dietary inputs is being investigated at greater levels of resolution. This has allowed novel insights to be gained regarding intricate diet-gene interactions and their consequences for health and disease. In this review, we present some of the latest research exploring how nutrimetabonomics can assist in the elucidation of novel biomarkers of dietary behaviour and provide new perspectives on diet-health relationships. The use of this approach to study the metabolic interplay between the gut microbiota and the host is also explored.
Wijeyesekera A, Jackson F, Swann J, 2014, Influences Shaping Digestive Health Explored Using Metabolomics, METABOLOMICS AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY IN HUMAN HEALTH AND MEDICINE, Editors: Jones, Publisher: CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT, Pages: 106-123
Walton GE, Swann JR, Gibson GR, 2013, Prebiotics, The Prokaryotes: Human Microbiology, Pages: 25-43, ISBN: 9783642301438
The human large intestine is an intensively colonized area containing bacteria that are health promoting as well as pathogenic. This has led to functional food developments that fortify the former at the expense of the latter. Probiotics have a long history of use in humans as live microbial feed additions. In contrast, a prebiotic is a nondigestible food ingredient that beneficially affects the host by targeting indigenous components thought to be positive. Dietary carbohydrates, such as fibers, are candidate prebiotics, but most promise has been realized with oligosaccharides. As prebiotics exploit nonviable food ingredients, their applicability in diets is wide ranging. Main prebiotic targets at the moment are bifidobacteria and lactobacilli (although this may change as our knowledge of the microbiota diversity and functionality expands). Any dietary component that reaches the colon intact is a potential prebiotic; however, much of the interest in the development of prebiotics is aimed at nondigestible oligosaccharides such as inulin-type fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and trans-galactooligosaccharides (TOS). In Europe, FOS and TOS have been shown to be prebiotics, through numerous volunteer trials, as evidence by their ability to positively change the gut flora composition after a short feeding period. Other prebiotics are emerging. Some prebiotics occur naturally in several foods such as leek, asparagus, chicory, Jerusalem artichoke, garlic, artichoke, onion, wheat, banana, and oats. However, these foods contain only trace levels, so developments have taken the approach of removing the active ingredients from such sources and adding them to more frequently consumed products in order to attain levels whereby a prebiotic effect may occur, for example, cereals, confectionery, biscuits, infant feeds, yogurts, table spreads, bread, sauces, drinks, etc. As gastrointestinal disorders are prevalent in terms of human health, both probiotics and prebiotics serve an importa
Swann JR, Spagou K, Lewis M, et al., 2013, Microbial-Mammalian Cometabolites Dominate the Age-associated Urinary Metabolic Phenotype in Taiwanese and American Populations, JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH, Vol: 12, Pages: 3166-3180, ISSN: 1535-3893
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- Citations: 40
Lees HJ, Swann JR, Wilson ID, et al., 2013, Hippurate: The Natural History of a Mammalian-Microbial Cometabolite, JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH, Vol: 12, Pages: 1527-1546, ISSN: 1535-3893
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- Citations: 217
Kok MGM, Ruijken MMA, Swann JR, et al., 2013, Anionic metabolic profiling of urine from antibiotic-treated rats by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol: 405, Pages: 2585-2594, ISSN: 1618-2642
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- Citations: 34
Claus SP, Swann JR, 2013, Nutrimetabonomics: Applications for Nutritional Sciences, with Specific Reference to Gut Microbial Interactions, ANNUAL REVIEW OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 4, Vol: 4, Pages: 381-399, ISSN: 1941-1413
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- Citations: 36
Arora T, Loo RL, Anastasovska J, et al., 2012, Differential Effects of Two Fermentable Carbohydrates on Central Appetite Regulation and Body Composition, PLOS ONE, Vol: 7, ISSN: 1932-6203
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- Citations: 57
Swann J, Richards SE, Shen Q, et al., 2011, Culture-Independent Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiota and their Activities, Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology II: Metagenomics in Different Habitats, Pages: 207-219, ISBN: 9780470647196
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- Citations: 2
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