Publications
207 results found
Nowbar AN, Rajkumar C, Foley M, et al., 2022, A double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial of percutaneous coronary intervention for the relief of stable angina without antianginal medications: design and rationale of the ORBITA-2 trial, EUROINTERVENTION, Vol: 17, Pages: 1490-+, ISSN: 1774-024X
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- Citations: 4
Warisawa T, Cook C, Kawase Y, et al., 2022, MEDICAL THERAPY VS. REVASCULARIZATION IN LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE WITH PROVEN ISCHEMIA: INSIGHTS FROM THE DEFINE-LM REGISTRY, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, Pages: 586-586, ISSN: 0735-1097
Kelshiker M, Seligman H, Howard JP, et al., 2022, CORONARY FLOW RESERVE AND CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS, 71st Annual Scientific Session and Expo of the American-College-of-Cardiology (ACC), Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, Pages: 989-989, ISSN: 0735-1097
Ahmad Y, Howard JP, Madhavan M, et al., 2022, Reporting data from meta-analysis: snapshot of a moving target, EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL, Vol: 43, Pages: 699-700, ISSN: 0195-668X
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- Citations: 2
Seligman H, Nijjer SS, van de Hoef TP, et al., 2022, Phasic flow patterns of right versus left coronary arteries in patients undergoing clinical physiological assessment, EUROINTERVENTION, Vol: 17, Pages: 1260-+, ISSN: 1774-024X
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- Citations: 1
Ahmad Y, Kane C, Arnold AD, et al., 2022, Randomized blinded placebo-controlled trials of renal sympathetic denervation for hypertension: a meta-analysis, Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine, Vol: 34, Pages: 112-118, ISSN: 1553-8389
BackgroundThe efficacy of renal denervation has been controversial, but the procedure has now undergone several placebo-controlled trials. New placebo-controlled trial data has recently emerged, with longer follow-up of one trial and the full report of another trial (which constitutes 27% of the total placebo-controlled trial data). We therefore sought to evaluate the effect of renal denervation on ambulatory and office blood pressures in patients with hypertension.MethodsWe systematically identified all blinded placebo-controlled randomized trials of catheter-based renal denervation for hypertension. The primary efficacy outcome was ambulatory systolic blood pressure change relative to placebo. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed.Results6 studies randomizing 1232 patients were eligible. 713 patients were randomized to renal denervation and 519 to placebo. Renal denervation significantly reduced ambulatory systolic blood pressure (−3.52 mmHg; 95% CI −4.94 to −2.09; p < 0.0001), ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (−1.93 mmHg; 95% CI −3.04 to −0.83, p = 0.0006), office systolic blood pressure size (−5.10 mmHg; 95% CI −7.31 to −2.90, p < 0.0001) and office diastolic pressure (effect size −3.11 mmHg; 95% CI −4.43 to −1.78, p < 0.0001). Adverse events were rare and not more common with denervation.ConclusionsThe totality of blinded, randomized placebo-controlled data shows that renal denervation is safe and provides genuine reduction in blood pressure for at least 6 months post-procedure. If this effect continues in the long term, renal denervation might provide a life-long 10% relative risk reduction in major adverse cardiac events and 7.5% relative risk reduction in all-cause mortality.
Ahmad Y, Howard J, Madhavan MV, et al., 2022, Single versus dual antiplatelet therapy after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine, Vol: 34, Pages: 46-53, ISSN: 1553-8389
BackgroundGuidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) but guidelines predate the publication of the largest randomized trial. There have been few trials in the field to date, and with a small number of total patients; pooling their results may therefore be helpful.MethodsWe systematically identified all randomized trials comparing SAPT to DAPT after TAVR. The primary endpoint was the risk of major bleeding. Secondary endpoints included all bleeding, life-threatening bleeding, stroke, myocardial infarction, death and cardiac death.ResultsFour trials, randomizing 1086 participants, were eligible (541 randomized to SAPT and 545 randomized to DAPT). The weighted mean follow-up was 9.1 months. The risk of major bleeding was significantly increased after DAPT (relative risk (RR) 2.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27 to 4.40, P = 0.007). There was a similar increased risk for all bleeding (RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.19, P < 0.001), although not for life-threatening bleeding (RR 1.44, 95% CI 0.74 to 2.77, P = 0.282). There were no significant differences in the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), death or cardiac death. There was no heterogeneity observed for any endpoint (I2 = 0.0%).ConclusionsDAPT after TAVR is associated with an increased risk of major bleeding and all bleeding. There is no evidence of a significant difference between DAPT or SAPT for the risks of stroke, MI, death or cardiac death. However, the total number of patients randomized is small and the duration of follow-up is short. Larger scale randomized trials with longer follow-up are required to assess for any potential differences in ischemic endpoints or mortality.
Zaman S, Petri C, Vimalesvaran K, et al., 2022, Automatic diagnosis labeling of cardiovascular MRI by using semisupervised natural language processing of text reports, Radiology: Artificial Intelligence, Vol: 4, ISSN: 2638-6100
A semisupervised natural language processing (NLP) algorithm, based on bidirectional transformers, accurately categorized diagnoses from cardiac MRI text of radiology reports for the labeling of MR images; the model had a higher accuracy than traditional NLP models and performed faster labeling than clinicians.
Vimalesvaran K, Uslu F, Zaman S, et al., 2022, Detecting Aortic Valve Pathology from the 3-Chamber Cine Cardiac MRI View, Editors: Wang, Dou, Fletcher, Speidel, Li, Publisher: SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, Pages: 571-580, ISBN: 978-3-031-16430-9
Howard JP, Wood FA, Francis DP, 2022, Why Do I Get Side Effects? Personalized (N-of-1) Trials for Statin Intolerance and the Nocebo Effect., Harv Data Sci Rev, Vol: 2022
The ability of statins to reduce the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease has ensured that they are among the most prescribed drugs in modern medicine. Unfortunately, most patients who start taking statins will end up stopping them, most commonly due to side effects. Confusingly, however, in blinded placebo-controlled trials, side effects appear no more common in those taking statins than those taking placebo. One possible explanation is that ever-present background symptoms are being falsely attributed to statins. However, another explanation is the nocebo effect, where the act of just taking a tablet (even a placebo) causes genuine side effects in patients. Two recent randomized placebo-controlled personalized (N-of-1) trials have been reported: StatinWise and SAMSON. In these trials, each participant was randomized to multiple periods of statin and placebo, with regular symptom burden assessments. Together, these trials support the existence of a significant nocebo effect from taking statins. Possibly even more importantly, they demonstrate the ability of personalized trials to inform and empower patients: up to half of the patients in these trials were able to successfully restart statins after taking part, despite previously having been statin intolerant. StatinWise and SAMSON have raised public awareness of the nocebo effect in statin intolerance. However, they also demonstrate a potential role for the personalized design outside of clinical trials. If taking part in these personalized experiments allows half of our patients to successfully restart life-saving medications, maybe we should be able to prescribe personalized experiments to our patients in the clinical setting?
Li Z, Petri C, Howard J, et al., 2022, PAT-CNN: automatic segmentation and quantification of pericardial adipose tissue from t2-weighted cardiac magnetic resonance images, Statistical Atlases and Computational Modeling of the Heart (STACOM), Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland, Pages: 359-368, ISSN: 0302-9743
Background: Increased pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) is associated with many types of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although cardiac magnetic resonance images (CMRI) are often acquired in patients with CVD, there are currently no tools to automatically identify and quantify PAT from CMRI. The aim of this study was to create a neural network to segment PAT from T2-weighted CMRI and explore the correlations between PAT volumes (PATV) and CVD outcomes and mortality.Methods: We trained and tested a deep learning model, PAT-CNN, to segment PAT on T2-weighted cardiac MR images. Using the segmentations from PAT-CNN, we automatically calculated PATV on images from 391 patients. We analysed correlations between PATV and CVD diagnosis and 1-year mortality post-imaging.Results: PAT-CNN was able to accurately segment PAT with Dice score/ Hausdorff distances of 0.74 ± 0.03/27.1 ± 10.9 mm, similar to the values obtained when comparing the segmentations of two independent human observers (0.76 ± 0.06/21.2 ± 10.3 mm). Regression models showed that, independently of sex and body-mass index, PATV is significantly positively correlated with a diagnosis of CVD and with 1-year all cause mortality (p-value < 0.01).Conclusions: PAT-CNN can segment PAT from T2-weighted CMR images automatically and accurately. Increased PATV as measured automatically from CMRI is significantly associated with the presence of CVD and can independently predict 1-year mortality.
Ahmad Y, Francis DP, Bhatt DL, et al., 2021, Renal Denervation for Hypertension A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trials, JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS, Vol: 14, Pages: 2614-2624, ISSN: 1936-8798
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- Citations: 23
Kellman P, Xue H, Chow K, et al., 2021, Bright-blood and dark-blood phase sensitive inversion recovery late gadolinium enhancement and T1 and T2 maps in a single free-breathing scan: an all-in-one approach, JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE, Vol: 23, ISSN: 1097-6647
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- Citations: 4
Cook CM, Howard JP, Ahmad Y, et al., 2021, Comparing invasive hemodynamic responses in adenosine hyperemia versus physical exercise stress in chronic coronary syndromes, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY, Vol: 342, Pages: 7-14, ISSN: 0167-5273
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- Citations: 1
Howard J, Zaman S, Francis D, et al., 2021, INTELLIGENT LOCALISERS: AN INTEGRATED TIME-SAVING DEEP LEARNING SOLUTION FOR THE PLANNING OF CINE IMAGING AND IDENTIFICATION OF UNEXPECTED FINDINGS FROM A SINGLE TRANSAXIAL STACK, Annual Meeting of the British-Society-of-Cardiovascular-Magnetic-Resonance (BSCMR), Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A5-A6, ISSN: 1355-6037
Stowell C, Howard J, Demetrescu C, et al., 2021, Fully automated global longitudinal strain assessment using artificial intelligence developed and validated by a UK-wide echocardiography expert collaborative, Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, Pages: 2-2, ISSN: 0195-668X
Stowell C, Howard J, Cole G, et al., 2021, Automated left ventricular dimension assessment using artificial intelligence, Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, Pages: 1-1, ISSN: 0195-668X
Arnold AD, Shun-Shin MJ, Ali N, et al., 2021, Left ventricular activation time and pattern are preserved with both selective and non-selective his bundle pacing, Heart Rhythm O2, Vol: 2, Pages: 439-445, ISSN: 2666-5018
BackgroundHis bundle pacing (HBP) can be achieved in two ways: selective HBP (S-HBP), where the His bundle is captured alone, and non-selective HBP (NS-HBP), where local myocardium is also captured resulting a pre-excited ECG appearance.ObjectiveWe assessed the impact of this ventricular pre-excitation on left and right ventricular dys-synchrony.MethodsWe recruited patients who displayed both S-HBP and NS-HBP. We performed non-invasive epicardial electrical mapping for left and right ventricular activation time (LVAT and RVAT) and pattern.Results20 patients were recruited. In the primary analysis, the mean within-patient change in LVAT from S-HBP to NS-HBP was -5.5ms (95% confidence interval: -0.6 to -10.4, non-inferiority p<0.0001). NS-HBP did not prolong RVAT (4.3ms, -4.0 to 12.8, p=0.296) but did prolong QRS duration (QRSd, 22.1ms, 11.8 to 32.4, p = 0.0003). In patients with narrow intrinsic QRS (n=6), NS-HBP preserved LVAT (-2.9ms, -9.7 to 4.0, p=0.331) but prolonged QRS duration (31.4ms, 22.0 to 40.7, p=0.0003) and mean RVAT (16.8ms, -5.3 to 38.9, p=0.108) compared to S-HBP. Activation pattern of the left ventricular surface was unchanged between S-HBP and NS-HBP but NS-HBP produced early basal right ventricular activation that was not seen in S-HBP.ConclusionCompared to S-HBP, local myocardial capture during NS-HBP produces pre-excitation of the basal right ventricle resulting in QRS duration prolongation. However, NS-HBP preserves the left ventricular activation time and pattern of S-HBP. Left ventricular dys-synchrony is not an important factor when choosing between S-HBP and NS-HBP in most patients.
Howard J, Wood F, Finegold J, et al., 2021, Side effect patterns in a crossover trial of statin, placebo and no treatment, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Vol: 78, Pages: 1210-1222, ISSN: 0735-1097
BackgroundMost people who begin statins abandon them, most commonly because of side-effects. ObjectivesAssess daily symptom scores on statin, placebo and no treatment in participants who had abandoned statins.MethodsParticipants received 12 one-month medication bottles, 4 containing atorvastatin 20mg, 4 placebo and 4 empty. We measured daily symptom intensity for each using an app (scale 1-100). We also measured the nocebo ratio: the ratio of symptoms induced by taking statin that was also induced by taking placebo. Results60 participants were randomized and 49 completed the 12-month protocol. Mean symptom score was 8.0 (95% confidence interval 4.7 to 11.3) in no-tablet months. It was higher in statin months (16.3, 13.0 to 19.6, p<0.001), but also in placebo months (15.4, 12.1 to 18.7, p<0.001), with no difference between the two (p=0.388). The corresponding nocebo ratio was 0.90.In the individual-patient daily data, neither symptom intensity on starting (odds ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.06, p=0.28) nor extent of symptom relief on stopping (1.01, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.05, p=0.48) distinguished between statin and placebo.Stopping was no more frequent for statin than placebo (p=0.173), and subsequent symptom relief was similar between statin and placebo.6 months after the trial, 30/60 (50%) of participants were back taking statins. ConclusionsThe majority of symptoms caused by statin tablets were nocebo. Clinicians should not interpret symptom intensity or timing of symptom onset or offset (on starting or stopping statin tablets) as indicating pharmacological causation, because the pattern is identical for placebo.
Rajkumar C, Shun-Shin M, Seligman H, et al., 2021, Placebo-controlled efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention for focal and diffuse patterns of stable coronary artery disease, Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions, Vol: 14, Pages: 809-818, ISSN: 1941-7640
Background Physiological assessment with pressure wire pullback can characterize coronary artery disease (CAD) with a focal or diffuse pattern. However, the clinical relevance of this distinction is unknown. We use data from ORBITA to test if the pattern of CAD predicts the placebo-controlled efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on stress echocardiography ischemia and symptom endpoints.Methods164 patients in ORBITA underwent blinded instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) pullback assessment prior to randomization. Focal disease was defined as 0.03 iFR unit drop within 15mm, rather than over a longer distance. Analyses were performed using regression modelling. ResultsIn the PCI arm (n=85), 48 were focal and 37 were diffuse. In the placebo arm (n=79), 35 were focal and 44 were diffuse. Focal stenoses were associated with significantly lower fractional flow reserve (FFR) and iFR values than diffusely diseased vessels (focal mean FFR and iFR 0.600.15 and 0.650.24, diffuse 0.780.10 and 0.880.08 respectively, p<0.0001). With adjustment for this difference, PCI for focal stenoses resulted in significantly greater reduction in stress echo ischemia than PCI for diffuse disease (p<0.05). The effect of PCI on between-arm pre-randomization-adjusted exercise time was 9.32 seconds (95% CI, -17.1 to 35.7s; p=0.487). When stratified for pattern of disease, there was no detectable difference between focal and diffuse CAD (Pinteraction=0.700). PCI improved Seattle Angina Questionnaire angina frequency score and freedom from angina more than placebo (p=0.034; p=0.0035). However, there was no evidence of interaction between the physiological pattern of CAD and these effects (Pinteraction=0.436; Pinteraction=0.908).ConclusionPCI achieved significantly greater reduction of stress echocardiography ischemia in focal compared to diffuse CAD. However, for symptom endpoints, no such difference was observed.
Patel R, Thong EHE, Batta V, et al., 2021, Automated Identification of Orthopedic Implants on Radiographs Using Deep Learning, RADIOLOGY-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Vol: 3, ISSN: 2638-6100
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- Citations: 7
Warisawa T, Howard JP, Cook CM, et al., 2021, Inter-observer differences in interpretation of coronary pressure-wire pullback data by non-expert interventional cardiologists, CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTION AND THERAPEUTICS, Vol: 36, Pages: 289-297, ISSN: 1868-4300
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- Citations: 2
Lane ES, Azarmehr N, Jevsikov J, et al., 2021, Multibeat echocardiographic phase detection using deep neural networks, COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, Vol: 133, ISSN: 0010-4825
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- Citations: 7
Mann I, Linton NWF, Coyle C, et al., 2021, RETRO-MAPPING A New Approach to Activation Mapping in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Reveals Evidence of Spatiotemporal Stability, CIRCULATION-ARRHYTHMIA AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Vol: 14, ISSN: 1941-3149
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- Citations: 3
El Hajj SC, Toya T, Warisawa T, et al., 2021, Correlation of Intravascular Ultrasound and Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio in Patients With Intermediate Left Main Coronary Artery Disease, CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS, Vol: 14, Pages: 601-608, ISSN: 1941-7640
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- Citations: 3
Ahmad Y, Howard J, 2021, Long-term follow-up after ultrathin versus conventional second-generation drug-eluting stents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, European Heart Journal, Vol: 42, Pages: 2643-2654, ISSN: 0195-668X
AimsContemporary 2nd-generation thin-strut drug-eluting stents (DES) are considered standard of care for revascularization of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. A previous meta-analysis of 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 11 658 patients demonstrated a 16% reduction in the 1-year risk of target lesion failure (TLF) with ultrathin-strut DES compared with conventional 2nd-generation thin-strut DES. Whether this benefit is sustained longer term is not known, and newer trial data may inform these relative outcomes. We therefore sought to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs comparing clinical outcomes with ultrathin-strut DES (≤70 µm strut thickness) with conventional 2nd-generation thin-strut DES.Methods and resultsWe performed a random-effects meta-analysis of all RCTs comparing ultrathin-strut DES to conventional 2nd-generation thin-strut DES. The pre-specified primary endpoint was long-term TLF, a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), or clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR). Secondary endpoints included the components of TLF, stent thrombosis (ST), and all-cause death. There were 16 eligible trials in which 20 701 patients were randomized. The weighted mean follow-up duration was 2.5 years. Ultrathin-strut DES were associated with a 15% reduction in long-term TLF compared with conventional 2nd-generation thin-strut DES [relative risk (RR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76–0.96, P = 0.008] driven by a 25% reduction in CD-TLR (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.92, P = 0.005). There were no significant differences between stent types in the risks of MI, ST, cardiac death, or all-cause mortality.ConclusionsAt a mean follow-up of 2.5 years, ultrathin-strut DES reduced the risk of TLF, driven by less CD-TLR compared with conventional 2nd-generation thin-strut DES, with similar risks of MI, ST, cardiac death, and
Howard J, Stowell C, Cole G, et al., 2021, Automated left ventricular dimension assessment using artificial intelligence developed and validated by a UK-wide collaborative, Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging, Vol: 14, Pages: 405-415, ISSN: 1941-9651
Background: Echocardiography artificial intelligence (AI) requires training and validation to standards expected of humans. We developed an online platform and established the Unity Collaborative to build a dataset of expertise from 17 hospitals for training, validation, and standardisation of such techniques. Methods: The training dataset were 2056individual frames drawn at random from 1265parasternal long-axis video-loops of patients undergoing clinical echocardiography in 2015-2016. Nine experts labelled these images using our online platform. From this, we trained a convolutional neural network to identify key points. Subsequently, 13 experts labelled a validation dataset of the end-systolic and end-diastolic frame from100new video-loops, twice each. The 26-opinionconsensus was used as the reference standard. The primary outcome was “precision SD”, the standard deviation of difference between AI measurement and expert consensus. Results: In the validation dataset, the AI’s precision SD for left ventricular internal dimension was 3.5mm. For context, precision SD of individual expert measurements against the expert consensus was 4.4mm. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between AI and expert consensus was 0.926 (95% CI 0.904–0.944), compared with 0.817 (0.778–0.954) between individual experts and expert consensus. For interventricular septum thickness, precision SD was 1.8mm for AI (ICC 0.809; 0.729–0.967), versus 2.0 for individuals (ICC 0.641; 0.568–0.716). For posterior wall thickness, precision SD was 1.4mm for AI (ICC 0.535; 95% CI 0.379–0.661), versus 2.2mm for individuals(0.366; 0.288 to 0.462).We present all images and annotations. This highlights challenging cases, including poor image quality, tapered ventricles, and indistinct boundaries. Conclusions: Experts at multiple institutions successfully cooperated to build a collaborative AI. This performed as well as individual experts. Future echocardiogr
Al-Hity S, Bhamra N, Kumar R, et al., 2021, 908 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Guidance During A Global Pandemic: A Statistical Analysis of National Perceived Confidence, Knowledge, And Educational Deficits Amongst UK Based Doctors, ASiT/MedAll Virtual Surgical Summit, Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, ISSN: 0007-1323
Ahmad Y, Howard J, 2021, Meta-analysis of usefulness of cerebral embolic protection during transcatheter aortic valve implantation, American Journal of Cardiology, Vol: 146, Pages: 69-73, ISSN: 0002-9149
One of the most feared complications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is stroke, with increased mortality and disability observed in patients suffering a stroke after TAVI. There has been no significant decline in stroke rates seen over the last 5 years; attention has therefore been given to strategies for cerebral embolic protection. With the emergence of new randomized trial data, we sought to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of cerebral embolic protection during TAVI both on clinical outcomes and on neuroimaging parameters. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of cerebral embolic protection during TAVI. The primary end point was the risk of stroke. The risk of stroke was not significantly different with the use of cerebral embolic protection: relative risk (RR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57 to 1.36, p = 0.566. Nor was there a significant reduction in the risk of disabling stroke, non-disabling stroke or death. There was no significant difference in total lesion volume on MRI with cerebral embolic protection: mean difference -74.94, 95% CI -174.31 to 24.4, p = 0.139. There was also not a significant difference in the number of new ischemic lesions on MRI: mean difference -2.15, 95% -5.25 to 0.96, p = 0.176, although there was significant heterogeneity for the neuroimaging outcomes. In conclusion, cerebral embolic protection during TAVI is safe but there is no evidence of a statistically significant benefit on clinical outcomes or neuroimaging parameters.
Howard J, Reiber JHC, 2021, Automated analysis of coronary angiograms using artificial intelligence: a window into the cath lab of the future, EUROINTERVENTION, Vol: 17, Pages: 16-17, ISSN: 1774-024X
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