Publications
540 results found
Frostad JJ, Nguyen QP, Baumann MM, et al., 2022, Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–18: a geospatial modelling study, The Lancet Global Health, Vol: 10, Pages: e1395-e1411, ISSN: 2214-109X
BackgroundMore than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels.MethodsWe did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km × 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2·1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution.FindingsAlthough primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure
Osman T, Lew E, Sng BL, et al., 2022, Assessment of inter-rater agreement of the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system in a women's tertiary hospital <i>An observational study</i>, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIOLOGY, Vol: 39, Pages: 787-788, ISSN: 0265-0215
Lall P, Kang N, Tan WS, et al., 2022, Competing expectations: Advance care planning from the perspectives of doctors and nurses in the South-East Asian context, DEATH STUDIES, Vol: 46, Pages: 1716-1727, ISSN: 0748-1187
Zhu X, Olsson MM, Bajpai R, et al., 2022, Health-related quality of life and chronic wound characteristics among patients with chronic wounds treated in primary care: A cross-sectional study in Singapore, INTERNATIONAL WOUND JOURNAL, Vol: 19, Pages: 1121-1132, ISSN: 1742-4801
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- Citations: 6
Rahman HA, Amornsriwatanakul A, Abdul-Mumin KH, et al., 2022, Prevalence of Health-Risk Behaviors and Mental Well-Being of ASEAN University Students in COVID-19 Pandemic, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, Vol: 19
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- Citations: 8
Surendran S, Foo CD, Matchar DB, et al., 2022, Developing integration among stakeholders in the primary care networks of Singapore: a qualitative study, BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Vol: 22
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- Citations: 1
Li E, Tsopra R, Jimenez G, et al., 2022, General practitioners’ perceptions of using virtual primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic: An international cross-sectional survey study, PLOS Digital Health, Vol: 1, Pages: 1-23, ISSN: 2767-3170
With the onset of COVID-19, general practitioners (GPs) and patients worldwide swiftly transitioned from face-to-face to digital remote consultations. There is a need to evaluate how this global shift has impacted patient care, healthcare providers, patient and carer experience, and health systems. We explored GPs’ perspectives on the main benefits and challenges of using digital virtual care. GPs across 20 countries completed an online questionnaire between June–September 2020. GPs’ perceptions of main barriers and challenges were explored using free-text questions. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. A total of 1,605 respondents participated in our survey. The benefits identified included reducing COVID-19 transmission risks, guaranteeing access and continuity of care, improved efficiency, faster access to care, improved convenience and communication with patients, greater work flexibility for providers, and hastening the digital transformation of primary care and accompanying legal frameworks. Main challenges included patients’ preference for face-to-face consultations, digital exclusion, lack of physical examinations, clinical uncertainty, delays in diagnosis and treatment, overuse and misuse of digital virtual care, and unsuitability for certain types of consultations. Other challenges include the lack of formal guidance, higher workloads, remuneration issues, organisational culture, technical difficulties, implementation and financial issues, and regulatory weaknesses. At the frontline of care delivery, GPs can provide important insights on what worked well, why, and how during the pandemic. Lessons learned can be used to inform the adoption of improved virtual care solutions and support the long-term development of platforms that are more technologically robust and secure.
Lee KFA, Chan E, Car J, et al., 2022, Lowering the Sampling Rate: Heart Rate Response during Cognitive Fatigue, BIOSENSORS-BASEL, Vol: 12
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- Citations: 1
Dutta O, Tan-Ho G, Low XC, et al., 2022, Acceptability and feasibility of a pilot randomized controlled trial of Narrative e-Writing Intervention (NeW-I) for parent-caregivers of children with chronic life-threatening illnesses in Singapore, BMC PALLIATIVE CARE, Vol: 21, ISSN: 1472-684X
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- Citations: 2
Fadahunsi P, Wark P, Mastellos N, et al., 2022, Clinical information quality of digital health technologies: protocol for an international eDelphi study, BMJ Open, Vol: 12, ISSN: 2044-6055
Introduction Digital health technologies (DHTs) such as electronic health records, clinical decision support systems and electronic prescribing systems are widely used in healthcare. While adoption of DHTs can improve healthcare delivery, information quality (IQ) problems associated with DHTs can compromise quality and safety of care. The clinical information quality (CLIQ) framework for digital health is a novel approach to assessing the quality of clinical information from DHTs. This study aims to appraise the CLIQ framework by exploring clinicians’ perspectives on the relevance, definition and assessment of IQ dimensions as defined in the framework. This study will adapt the CLIQ framework to the needs of clinical information users—the clinicians. The contextualised CLIQ framework will offer a pragmatic approach to assessing clinical information from DHTs and may help to forestall IQ problems that can compromise quality and safety of care.Methods and analysis The electronic Delphi (eDelphi) approach will be used to engage a heterogeneous group of clinicians with patient-facing and/or information governance roles recruited through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. A semi-structured online questionnaire will be used to explore clinicians’ perspectives on relevance, definition and assessment of IQ dimensions in the CLIQ framework. Survey responses on the relevance of dimensions will be summarised using descriptive statistics to inform decisions on retention of dimensions and termination of the study, based on pre-specified rules. Analysis of the free-text responses will be used to revise definition and assessment of dimensions.Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval has been obtained from the Imperial College Research Governance and Integrity Team (Imperial College Research Ethics Committee (ICREC) Reference number: 20IC6396). The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences.
Osman T, Lew E, Sng BL, et al., 2022, Delphi consensus on the American Society of Anesthesiologists' physical status classification in an Asian tertiary women's hospital, KOREAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY, Vol: 75, Pages: 168-177, ISSN: 2005-6419
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- Citations: 1
Surendran S, De Foo C, Tam CH, et al., 2022, Reply to Ngoh et al. Comment on "Surendran et al. The Missed Opportunity of Patient-Centered Medical Homes to Thrive in an Asian Context. <i>Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health</i> 2021, <i>18</i>, 1817", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, Vol: 19
Essen A, Stern AD, Haase CB, et al., 2022, Health app policy: international comparison of nine countries' approaches, NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2398-6352
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- Citations: 21
Tudor Car L, 2022, Digital education for health professionals: An evidence map, conceptual framework and research agenda, Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol: 24, Pages: 1-21, ISSN: 1438-8871
BackgroundHealth professions education has undergone major changes with the advent and adoption of digital technologies worldwide. To enable robust and relevant research in digital health professions education, it is essential to map the existing evidence, identify gaps and research priorities.MethodsWe searched for systematic reviews on digital education of practicing and student healthcare professionals. We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, ERIC, CINAHL, and grey literature sources from January 2014 to July 2020. Two authors independently screened the studies, extracted the data, and synthesized the findings. We outlined the key characteristics of the included reviews, the quality of the evidence they synthesized, and recommendations for future research. We mapped the empiric findings and research recommendations against a newly developed conceptual framework. ResultsWe identified 77 eligible systematic reviews. All included experimental studies and evaluated the effectiveness of digital education interventions in different healthcare disciplines or of different digital education modalities. Most reviews included studies on various digital education modalities (N=22), virtual reality (N=19) and online education (N=10). Most reviews focused on health professions education in general (N=36), surgery (N=13) and nursing (N=11). The reviews mainly assessed participants’ skills (N=51) and knowledge (N=49) and included data from high-income countries (N=53). Our novel conceptual framework of digital health professions education comprises six key domains (context, infrastructure, education, learners, research, and quality improvement) and 16 subdomains. Finally, we identified in these reviews 61 unique questions for future research; these mapped to framework domains of education (29 recommendations), context (17), infrastructure (9), learners (3), and research (3). Conclusions We have identified a large number of research questions regarding digital educat
Kusuma D, 2022, Global, regional, and national burden of diseases and injuries for adults 70 years and older: systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study, BMJ: British Medical Journal, Vol: 376, Pages: e068208-e068208, ISSN: 0959-535X
Objectives To use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) to estimate mortality and disability trends for the population aged ≥70 and evaluate patterns in causes of death, disability, and risk factors.Design Systematic analysis.Setting Participants were aged ≥70 from 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019.Main outcomes measures Years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability adjusted life years, life expectancy at age 70 (LE-70), healthy life expectancy at age 70 (HALE-70), proportion of years in ill health at age 70 (PYIH-70), risk factors, and data coverage index were estimated based on standardised GBD methods.Results Globally the population of older adults has increased since 1990 and all cause death rates have decreased for men and women. However, mortality rates due to falls increased between 1990 and 2019. The probability of death among people aged 70-90 decreased, mainly because of reductions in non-communicable diseases. Globally disability burden was largely driven by functional decline, vision and hearing loss, and symptoms of pain. LE-70 and HALE-70 showed continuous increases since 1990 globally, with certain regional disparities. Globally higher LE-70 resulted in higher HALE-70 and slightly increased PYIH-70. Sociodemographic and healthcare access and quality indices were positively correlated with HALE-70 and LE-70. For high exposure risk factors, data coverage was moderate, while limited data were available for various dietary, environmental or occupational, and metabolic risks.Conclusions Life expectancy at age 70 has continued to rise globally, mostly because of decreases in chronic diseases. Adults aged ≥70 living in high income countries and regions with better healthcare access and quality were found to experience the highest life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Disability burden, however, remained constant, suggesting the need to enhance public health and intervent
Martinengo L, Stona A-C, Car LT, et al., 2022, Education on Depression in Mental Health Apps: Systematic Assessment of Characteristics and Adherence to Evidence-Based Guidelines, JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH, Vol: 24, ISSN: 1438-8871
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- Citations: 6
Bene B, Ibeneme S, Fadahunsi KP, et al., 2022, Regulatory standards and guidance for the use of health applications for self-management in Africa: scoping review protocol, BMJ Open, Vol: 12, ISSN: 2044-6055
Introduction: Despite health applications becoming ubiquitous and with enormous potential to facilitate self-management, regulatory challenges such as poor application quality, breach of data privacy and limited interoperability have impeded their full adoption. While many countries now have digital health-related policies/strategies, there is also a need for regulatory standards and guidance that address key regulatory challenges associated with the use of health applications. Currently, it is unclear the status of countries in Africa regarding regulatory standards and guidance that address the use of health applications.This protocol describes the process of conducting a scoping review which aims to investigate the extent to which regulatory standards and guidance address the use of health applications for self-management within the WHO African Region countries.Methods: The review will follow the methodological framework for conducting a scoping study by Arksey and O’Malley (2005), and the updated methodological guidance for conducting a Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review. Given that regulatory standards and guidance are unlikely to be available in scientific databases, we will search Scopus, Google, OpenGrey, WHO Regional Office for Africa Library (AFROLIB), African Index Medicus (AIM), websites of WHO, ITU and Ministries of Health, repositories for digital health policies. We will also search the reference lists of included documents, and contact key stakeholders in the region. Results will be reported using descriptive qualitative content analysis based on the review objectives. The policy analysis framework by Walt and Gilson (1994) will be used to organise findings. A summary of the key findings will be presented using tables, charts and maps.Ethics and dissemination: The collection of primary data is not anticipated in this study and hence ethical approval will not be required. The review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal while key
Bojic I, Ong QC, Thakkar M, et al., 2022, SleepQA: A health coaching dataset on sleep for extractive question answering, Pages: 199-217
Question Answering (QA) systems can support health coaches in facilitating clients' lifestyle behavior changes (e.g., in adopting healthy sleep habits). In this paper, we design a domain-specific QA pipeline for sleep coaching. To this end, we release SleepQA, a dataset created from 7,005 passages comprising 4,250 training examples with single annotations and 750 examples with 5-way annotations1. We fine-Tuned different domain-specific BERT models on our dataset and perform extensive automatic and human evaluation of the resulting end-To-end QA pipeline. Comparisons of our pipeline with baseline show improvements in domain-specific natural language processing on realworld questions. We hope that this dataset will lead to wider research interest in this important health domain.
Alom Z, Azim MA, Aung Z, et al., 2022, Early Stage Detection of Heart Failure Using Machine Learning Techniques, Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, Pages: 75-88
With a devastating health impact, heart attack prediction is an essential aspect of human health due to well understood early heart attack symptoms. The recent advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine learning (ML) provides a significant part in illness detection as well as prediction upon many phenomena. This makes AI and ML great techniques to predict heart attack prediction. This research chose the well-known Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithms to predict heart attacks. A comparative study of the algorithmic performances is performed to identify the best algorithm that could be useful in the clinical decisions system.
Graetz N, Woyczynski L, Wilson KF, et al., 2021, Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries, NATURE, ISSN: 0028-0836
Tan BY, Thach T, Munro YL, et al., 2021, Complex Lifestyle and Psychological Intervention in Knee Osteoarthritis: Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, Vol: 18
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- Citations: 4
Jimenez G, Matchar D, Koh GCH, et al., 2021, Revisiting the four core functions (4Cs) of primary care: operational definitions and complexities, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, Vol: 22, ISSN: 1463-4236
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- Citations: 6
Yap HS, Roberts AC, Luo C, et al., 2021, The importance of air quality for underground spaces: An international survey of public attitudes, INDOOR AIR, Vol: 31, Pages: 2239-2251, ISSN: 0905-6947
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- Citations: 5
Udeh-Momoh C, Watermeyer T, Sindi S, et al., 2021, Health, lifestyle and psycho-social determinants of poor sleep quality during the Early Phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: a focus on UK older adults deemed clinically extremely vulnerable, Frontiers in Public Health, Vol: 9, Pages: 1-11, ISSN: 2296-2565
Background: Several studies have assessed the impact of COVID-19-relatedlockdownson sleep quality across global populations. However, no study to date has specifically assessed at-riskpopulations, particularly those at highest risk of complications from coronavirus infection deemed “clinically-extremely-vulnerable-(COVID-19CEV)” [as defined by Public Health England, 2020].Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 5,558 adults aged ≥50 years (of whom 523 met criteria for COVID-19CEV) during the first pandemic wave that resulted in a nationwide-lockdown (April-June 2020) with assessments of sleep quality (an adapted sleep scale that captured multiple sleep indices before and during the lockdown), health/medical, lifestyle, psychosocial and socio demographic factors. We examined associations between these variablesand sleep quality;and explored interactions of COVID-19CEV status with significant predictors of poor sleep,to identify potential moderating factors. Results: 37% of participants reported poor sleep quality which was associated with younger age, female sex and multimorbidity. Significant associations with poor sleep included health/medical factors: COVID-19 CEV status, higher BMI, arthritis, pulmonary disease, and mental health disorders; and the following lifestyle and psychosocial factors: living alone, higher alcohol consumption, an unhealthy diet and higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. Moderators of the negative relationship between COVID-19 CEV status and good sleep quality were marital status, loneliness, anxiety and diet. Within this subgroup, less anxious and less lonely males, as well as females with healthier diets, reported better sleep. Conclusions: Sleep quality in older adults was compromised during the sudden unprecedented nation-wide lockdown due to distinct modifiable factors. An important contribution of our study is the assessment of a &ldquo
Kinyoki D, Osgood-Zimmerman AE, Bhattacharjee NV, et al., 2021, Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018, Nature Medicine, Vol: 27, Pages: 1761-1782, ISSN: 1078-8956
Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.
Rykov Y, Thach T-Q, Bojic I, et al., 2021, Digital Biomarkers for Depression Screening With Wearable Devices: Cross-sectional Study With Machine Learning Modeling, JMIR MHEALTH AND UHEALTH, Vol: 9, ISSN: 2291-5222
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- Citations: 26
Neves AL, Li E, Serafini A, et al., 2021, Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on the adoption of virtual care in general practice in 20 countries (inSIGHT): rationale and study protocol, Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol: 10, Pages: 1-9, ISSN: 1438-8871
Background: In recent decades, virtual care has emerged as a promising option to support primary care delivery. However, despite the potential, adoption rates remained low. With the outbreak of COVID-19, it has suddenly been pushed to the forefront of care delivery. As we progress into the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need and opportunity to review the impact remote care had in primary care settings and reassess its potential future role. This study aims to explore the perspectives of General Practitioners (GPs) / Family Doctors on a.) use of virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic; b.) perceived impact on quality and safety of care; c.) essential factors for high-quality and sustainable use of virtual care in the future. Methods: Online cross-sectional questionnaire of GPs, distributed across 20 countries. The survey was hosted in Qualtrics and distributed using email, social media, and the researchers’ personal contact networks. General Practitioners were eligible for the survey if they were working mainly in primary care during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistical analysis will be performed for quantitative variables, and relationships between the use of virtual care and perceptions on impact on quality and safety of care, and participants’ characteristics, may be explored. Qualitative data (free-text responses) will be analysed using framework analysis. Results: Data collection took place from June to September 2020. As of this manuscript’s submission, a total of 1,605 GP respondents participated in the questionnaire. Further data analysis is currently ongoing. Discussion: The study will provide a comprehensive overview of the availability of virtual care technologies, perceived impact on quality and safety of care and essential factors for high-quality future use. In addition, a description of the under
Martinengo L, Stona A-C, Griva K, et al., 2021, Self-guided Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Apps for Depression: Systematic Assessment of Features, Functionality, and Congruence With Evidence, JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH, Vol: 23, ISSN: 1438-8871
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- Citations: 16
Tudor Car L, Myint Kyaw B, Nannan Panday RS, et al., 2021, Digital health training programs for medical students: a scoping review, Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol: 7, Pages: 1-11, ISSN: 1438-8871
Background: Medical schools worldwide are accelerating the introduction of digital health courses into their curricula. This review collated and analyzed the literature evaluating digital health education for medical students to inform development of future courses and identify areas where curricula may need to be strengthened.Methods: We carried out a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute’s guidance and reported in line with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We searched six major bibliographic databases and grey literature sources for the articles published from January 2000 to November 2019. Two authors independently screened the retrieved citations and extracted the data from the included studies. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus discussion between the authors. The findings were analyzed using thematic analysis and presented narratively.Results: A total of 34 studies focusing on different digital courses were included in this review. Most (n=22) were published from 2010 to 2019 and originated from the US (n=20). The reported digital health courses were mostly elective (n=20), integrated into the existing curriculum (n=24) and focused mainly on medical informatics (n=17). Most of the courses targeted medical students from first to third year (n=17) and the duration of the courses ranged from an hour to three academic years. Most (n=22) reported the use of blended education. Six of 34 delivered courses entirely digitally using online modules, offline learning, Massive Open Online Courses, and virtual patient simulations. The reported courses used various assessment approaches such as paper-based assessments, in person observations and/or online-based assessment. Thirty studies evaluated courses mostly using uncontrolled before and after design and generally reported improvements in students’ learning outcomes. ConclusionsDigital health courses reported in the literature were mostly elective, focused on a single area of digital health and lac
Tudor Car L, Kyaw BM, Nannan Panday RS, et al., 2021, Digital Health Training Programs for Medical Students: Scoping Review (Preprint), DH
<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> <p>Medical schools worldwide are accelerating the introduction of digital health courses into their curricula. The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to this swift and widespread transition to digital health and education. However, the need for digital health competencies goes beyond the COVID-19 pandemic because they are becoming essential for the delivery of effective, efficient, and safe care.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> <p>This review aims to collate and analyze studies evaluating digital health education for medical students to inform the development of future courses and identify areas where curricula may need to be strengthened.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> <p>We carried out a scoping review by following the guidance of the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the results were reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. We searched 6 major bibliographic databases and gray literature sources for articles published between January 2000 and November 2019. Two authors independently screened the retrieved citations and extracted the data from the included studies. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus discussions between the authors. The findings were analyzed using thematic analysis and presented narratively.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> <p>A total of 34 studies focusing on different digital courses were included in this review. Most of the studies (22/34, 65%) wer
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