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@article{Morales:2022:10.7554/eLife.75374,
author = {Morales, Berstein F and McCartney, DL and Lu, AT and Tsilidis, KK and Bouras, E and Haycock, P and Burrows, K and Phipps, AI and Buchanan, DD and Cheng, I and PRACTICAL, consortium and Martin, RM and Davey, Smith G and Relton, CL and Horvath, S and Marioni, RE and Richardson, TG and Richmond, RC},
doi = {10.7554/eLife.75374},
journal = {eLife},
pages = {1--46},
title = {Assessing the causal role of epigenetic clocks in the development of multiple cancers: a Mendelian randomization study},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.75374},
volume = {11},
year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background: Epigenetic clocks have been associated with cancer risk in several observational studies. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether they play a causal role in cancer risk or if they act as a non-causal biomarker. Methods: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine the genetically predicted effects of epigenetic age acceleration as measured by HannumAge (nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)), Horvath Intrinsic Age (24 SNPs), PhenoAge (11 SNPs), and GrimAge (4 SNPs) on multiple cancers (i.e. breast, prostate, colorectal, ovarian and lung cancer). We obtained genome-wide association data for biological ageing from a meta-analysis (N = 34,710), and for cancer from the UK Biobank (N cases = 2671-13,879; N controls = 173,493-372,016), FinnGen (N cases = 719-8401; N controls = 74,685-174,006) and several international cancer genetic consortia (N cases = 11,348-122,977; N controls = 15,861-105,974). Main analyses were performed using multiplicative random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) MR. Individual study estimates were pooled using fixed effect meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses included MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode and Causal Analysis using Summary Effect Estimates (CAUSE) methods, which are robust to some of the assumptions of the IVW approach. Results: Meta-analysed IVW MR findings suggested that higher GrimAge acceleration increased the risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 1.12 per year increase in GrimAge acceleration, 95% CI 1.04-1.20, p = 0.002). The direction of the genetically predicted effects was consistent across main and sensitivity MR analyses. Among subtypes, the genetically predicted effect of GrimAge acceleration was greater for colon cancer (IVW OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.09-1.21, p = 0.006), than rectal cancer (IVW OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.97-1.13, p = 0.24). Results were less consistent for associations between other epigenetic clocks and cancers. Conclusions: GrimAge acceleration may increase the risk of
AU  - Morales,Berstein F
AU  - McCartney,DL
AU  - Lu,AT
AU  - Tsilidis,KK
AU  - Bouras,E
AU  - Haycock,P
AU  - Burrows,K
AU  - Phipps,AI
AU  - Buchanan,DD
AU  - Cheng,I
AU  - PRACTICAL,consortium
AU  - Martin,RM
AU  - Davey,Smith G
AU  - Relton,CL
AU  - Horvath,S
AU  - Marioni,RE
AU  - Richardson,TG
AU  - Richmond,RC
DO  - 10.7554/eLife.75374
EP  - 46
PY  - 2022///
SN  - 2050-084X
SP  - 1
TI  - Assessing the causal role of epigenetic clocks in the development of multiple cancers: a Mendelian randomization study
T2  - eLife
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.75374
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35346416
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/96612
VL  - 11
ER  -

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