# DrKezhiLi

Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Visiting Researcher

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### Contact

+44 (0)7859 995 590kezhi.li

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### Location

Royal School of MinesSouth Kensington Campus

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## Publications

Publication Type
Year
to

33 results found

Zhu T, Li K, Herrero P, Georgiou Pet al., 2021, Deep Learning for Diabetes: A Systematic Review, IEEE JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH INFORMATICS, Vol: 25, Pages: 2744-2757, ISSN: 2168-2194

Journal article

Zhu T, Li K, Herrero P, Georgiou Pet al., 2021, Basal Glucose Control in Type 1 Diabetes Using Deep Reinforcement Learning: An In Silico Validation, IEEE JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH INFORMATICS, Vol: 25, Pages: 1223-1232, ISSN: 2168-2194

Journal article

Wang Z, Xu X, Qiang X, Li Ket al., 2021, Learning Vector Quantization-Aided Detection for MIMO Systems, IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, Vol: 25, Pages: 874-878, ISSN: 1089-7798

Journal article

Zhu T, Li K, Kuang L, Herrero P, Georgiou Pet al., 2020, An Insulin Bolus Advisor for Type 1 Diabetes Using Deep Reinforcement Learning, SENSORS, Vol: 20

Journal article

Zhang J, Cong S, Ling Q, Li K, Rabitz Het al., 2020, Quantum State Filter With Disturbance and Noise, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL, Vol: 65, Pages: 2856-2866, ISSN: 0018-9286

Journal article

Li K, Daniels J, Liu C, Herrero-Vinas P, Georgiou Pet al., 2020, Convolutional recurrent neural networks for glucose prediction, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Vol: 24, Pages: 603-613, ISSN: 2168-2194

Control of blood glucose is essential for diabetes management. Current digital therapeutic approaches for subjects with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) such as the artificial pancreas and insulin bolus calculators leverage machine learning techniques for predicting subcutaneous glucose for improved control. Deep learning has recently been applied in healthcare and medical research to achieve state-of-the-art results in a range of tasks including disease diagnosis, and patient state prediction among others. In this work, we present a deep learning model that is capable of forecasting glucose levels with leading accuracy for simulated patient cases (RMSE = 9.38±0.71 [mg/dL] over a 30-minute horizon, RMSE = 18.87±2.25 [mg/dL] over a 60-minute horizon) and real patient cases (RMSE = 21.07±2.35 [mg/dL] for 30-minute, RMSE = 33.27±4.79\% for 60-minute). In addition, the model provides competitive performance in providing effective prediction horizon ( PHeff) with minimal time lag both in a simulated patient dataset ( PHeff = 29.0±0.7 for 30-min and PHeff = 49.8±2.9 for 60-min) and in a real patient dataset ( PHeff = 19.3±3.1 for 30-min and PHeff = 29.3±9.4 for 60-min). This approach is evaluated on a dataset of 10 simulated cases generated from the UVa/Padova simulator and a clinical dataset of 10 real cases each containing glucose readings, insulin bolus, and meal (carbohydrate) data. Performance of the recurrent convolutional neural network is benchmarked against four algorithms. The proposed algorithm is implemented on an Android mobile phone, with an execution time of 6ms on a phone compared to an execution time of 780ms on a laptop.

Journal article

Spence R, Li K, Uduku C, Zhu T, Redmond L, Herrero P, Oliver N, Georgiou Pet al., 2020, A NOVEL HAND-HELD INTERFACE SUPPORTING THE SELF-MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 1 DIABETES, Publisher: MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, Pages: A58-A58, ISSN: 1520-9156

Conference paper

Li K, Liu C, Zhu T, Herrero P, Georgiou Pet al., 2019, GluNet: A deep learning framework for accurate glucose forecasting., IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Vol: 24, Pages: 414-423, ISSN: 2168-2194

For people with Type 1 diabetes (T1D), forecasting of \red{blood glucose (BG)} can be used to effectively avoid hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and associated complications. The latest continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology allows people to observe glucose in real-time. However, an accurate glucose forecast remains a challenge. In this work, we introduce GluNet, a framework that leverages on a personalized deep neural network to predict the probabilistic distribution of short-term (30-60 minutes) future CGM measurements for subjects with T1D based on their historical data including glucose measurements, meal information, insulin doses, and other factors. It adopts the latest deep learning techniques consisting of four components: data pre-processing, label transform/recover, multi-layers of dilated convolution neural network (CNN), and post-processing. The method is evaluated in-silico for both adult and adolescent subjects. The results show significant improvements over existing methods in the literature through a comprehensive comparison in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) (8.88 ± 0.77 mg/dL) with short time lag (0.83 ± 0.40 minutes) for prediction horizons (PH) = 30 mins (minutes), and RMSE (19.90 ± 3.17 mg/dL) with time lag (16.43 ± 4.07 mins) for PH = 60 mins for virtual adult subjects. In addition, GluNet is also tested on two clinical data sets. Results show that it achieves an RMSE (19.28 ± 2.76 mg/dL) with time lag (8.03 ± 4.07 mins) for PH = 30 mins and an RMSE (31.83 ± 3.49 mg/dL) with time lag (17.78 ± 8.00 mins) for PH = 60 mins. These are the best reported results for glucose forecasting when compared with other methods including the neural network for predicting glucose (NNPG), the support vector regression (SVR), the latent variable with exogenous input (LVX), and the auto regression with exogenous input (ARX) algorithm.

Journal article

Zhang J, Cong S, Ling Q, Li Ket al., 2019, An Efficient and Fast Quantum State Estimator With Sparse Disturbance, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CYBERNETICS, Vol: 49, Pages: 2546-2555, ISSN: 2168-2267

Journal article

Zhu T, Li K, Georgiou P, 2019, A Dual-Hormone Closed-Loop Delivery System for Type 1 Diabetes Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

We propose a dual-hormone delivery strategy by exploiting deep reinforcementlearning (RL) for people with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Specifically, doubledilated recurrent neural networks (RNN) are used to learn the hormone deliverystrategy, trained by a variant of Q-learning, whose inputs are raw data ofglucose \& meal carbohydrate and outputs are dual-hormone (insulin andglucagon) delivery. Without prior knowledge of the glucose-insulin metabolism,we run the method on the UVA/Padova simulator. Hundreds days of self-play areperformed to obtain a generalized model, then importance sampling is adopted tocustomize the model for personal use. \emph{In-silico} the proposed strategyachieves glucose time in target range (TIR) $93\%$ for adults and $83\%$ foradolescents given standard bolus, outperforming previous approachessignificantly. The results indicate that deep RL is effective in buildingpersonalized hormone delivery strategy for people with T1D.

Journal article

Li K, Chandrasekera TC, Li Y, Holland DJet al., 2018, A Non-Linear Reweighted Total Variation Image Reconstruction Algorithm for Electrical Capacitance Tomography, IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, Vol: 18, Pages: 5049-5057, ISSN: 1530-437X

Journal article

Yang J, Cong S, Liu X, Li Z, Li Ket al., 2017, Effective quantum state reconstruction using compressed sensing in NMR quantum computing, Physical Review A, Vol: 96, ISSN: 1050-2947

Compressed sensing (CS) has been verified as an effective technique in the reconstruction of quantum state; however, it is still unknown if CS can reconstruct quantum states given the incomplete data measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In this paper, we propose an effective NMR quantum state reconstruction method based on CS. Different from the conventional CS-based quantum state reconstruction, our method uses the actual observation data from NMR experiments rather than the data measured by the Pauli operators. We implement measurements on quantum states in practical NMR computing experiments and reconstruct states of two, three, and four qubits using fewer number of measurement settings, respectively. The proposed method is easy to implement and performs more efficiently with the increase of the system dimension size. The performance reveals both efficiency and accuracy, which provides an alternative for the quantum state reconstruction in practical NMR.

Journal article

Li K, Zheng K, Yang J, Cong S, Liu X, Li Zet al., 2017, Hybrid reconstruction of quantum density matrix: when low-rank meets sparsity, Quantum Information Processing, Vol: 16, ISSN: 1570-0755

Both the mathematical theory and experiments have verified that the quantumstate tomography based on compressive sensing is an efficient framework for thereconstruction of quantum density states. In recent physical experiments, we foundthat many unknown density matrices in which people are interested in are low-rankas well as sparse. Bearing this information in mind, in this paper we propose a reconstructionalgorithm that combines the low-rank and the sparsity property of densitymatrices and further theoretically prove that the solution of the optimization functioncan be, and only be, the true density matrix satisfying the model with overwhelmingprobability, as long as a necessary number of measurements are allowed. The solverleverages the fixed-point equation technique in which a step-by-step strategy is developedby utilizing an extended soft threshold operator that copes with complex values.Numerical experiments of the density matrix estimation for real nuclear magnetic resonancedevices reveal that the proposed method achieves a better accuracy comparedto some existing methods. We believe that the proposed method could be leveraged asa generalized approach and widely implemented in the quantum state estimation.

Journal article

Cong S, Wen J, Meng F, Li Ket al., 2017, Global Stabilization of Mixed States for Stochastic Quantum Systems via Switching Control, of 20th World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), Publisher: Elsevier, Pages: 13032-13037, ISSN: 1474-6670

The global stabilization of mixed states for finite dimensional stochastic quantum systems with non-regular measurement operator and non-diagonal free Hamiltonian is investigated in this paper. A two-part switching control strategy is proposed, in which the constant control is used to steer the system state to enter the convergence domain, while the control law which is designed based on Lyapunov stability theorem is used to attract the system state in convergence domain to the target state. The convergence of the switching control is strictly proved. Moreover, the numerical experiments on a three dimensional stochastic quantum system are implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control proposed.

Conference paper

Zhang J, Li K, Cong S, Wang Het al., 2017, Efficient reconstruction of density matrices for high dimensional quantum state tomography, Signal Processing, Vol: 139, Pages: 136-142, ISSN: 0165-1684

Journal article

Li K, Zhang J, Cong S, 2017, Fast reconstruction of high-qubit-number quantum states via low-rate measurements, PHYSICAL REVIEW A, Vol: 96, ISSN: 2469-9926

Journal article

Zheng K, Li K, Cong S, 2016, A reconstruction algorithm for compressive quantum tomography using various measurement sets., Sci Rep, Vol: 6

Compressed sensing (CS) has been verified that it offers a significant performance improvement for large quantum systems comparing with the conventional quantum tomography approaches, because it reduces the number of measurements from O(d2) to O(rd log(d)) in particular for quantum states that are fairly pure. Yet few algorithms have been proposed for quantum state tomography using CS specifically, let alone basis analysis for various measurement sets in quantum CS. To fill this gap, in this paper an efficient and robust state reconstruction algorithm based on compressive sensing is developed. By leveraging the fixed point equation approach to avoid the matrix inverse operation, we propose a fixed-point alternating direction method algorithm for compressive quantum state estimation that can handle both normal errors and large outliers in the optimization process. In addition, properties of five practical measurement bases (including the Pauli basis) are analyzed in terms of their coherences and reconstruction performances, which provides theoretical instructions for the selection of measurement settings in the quantum state estimation. The numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm has much less calculating time, higher reconstruction accuracy and is more robust to outlier noises than many existing state reconstruction algorithms.

Journal article

Harraz S, Yang J, Li K, Cong Set al., 2016, Quantum state transfer control based on the optimal measurement, Optimal Control Applications and Methods, Vol: 38, Pages: 744-753, ISSN: 0143-2087

This paper explores the optimal control of quantum state transfer in a two-dimensional quantum system by a sequence of non-selective projection measurements. We show that for a given initial state, one can always find the corresponding projection operator that can effectively drive the given initial state to any arbitrary target pure state. An external control field is proposed to compensate the effect of the free evolution of system. Numerical simulations and characteristics analysis are given in three cases: without considering free evolution, considering free evolution, and with the action of external control field. The simulating experimental results show that the optimal measurement control is more effective by using proposed external control field.

Journal article

Ma R, Liu E, Wang R, Zhang Z, Li K, Liu C, Wang P, Zhou Tet al., 2016, Energy-Aware Preferential Attachment Model for Wireless Sensor Networks with Improved Survivability, KSII TRANSACTIONS ON INTERNET AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS, Vol: 10, Pages: 3066-3079, ISSN: 1976-7277

Journal article

Li K, Zhang H, Kuang S, Meng F, Cong Set al., 2016, An improved robust ADMM algorithm for quantum state tomography, QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING, Vol: 15, Pages: 2343-2358, ISSN: 1570-0755

Journal article

Li K, Rojas CR, Yang T, Hjalmarsson H, Johansson H, Cong Set al., 2016, Piecewise Sparse Signal Recovery Via Piecewise Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, IEEE 41th International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, (ICASSP 2016), Publisher: IEEE, ISSN: 2379-190X

In this paper, we consider the recovery of piecewise sparse signals from incomplete noisy measurements via a greedy algorithm. Here piecewise sparse means that the signal can be approximated in certain domain with known number of nonzero entries in each piece/segment. This paper makes a two-fold contribution to this problem: 1) formulating a piecewise sparse model in the framework of compressed sensing and providing the theoretical analysis of corresponding sensing matrices; 2) developing a greedy algorithm called piecewise orthogonal matching pursuit (POMP) for the recovery of piecewise sparse signals. Experimental simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

Conference paper

Li K, Sundin M, Rojas CR, Chatterjee S, Jansson Met al., 2015, Alternating strategies with internal ADMM for low-rank matrix reconstruction, Signal Processing, Vol: 121, Pages: 153-159, ISSN: 0165-1684

This paper focuses on the problem of reconstructing low-rank matrices from underdetermined measurements using alternating optimization strategies. We endeavour to combine an alternating least-squares based estimation strategy with ideas from the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to recover low-rank matrices with linear parameterized structures, such as Hankel matrices. The use of ADMM helps to improve the estimate in each iteration due to its capability of incorporating information about the direction of estimates achieved in previous iterations. We show that merging these two alternating strategies leads to a better performance and less consumed time than the existing alternating least squares (ALS) strategy. The improved performance is verified via numerical simulations with varying sampling rates and real applications.

Journal article

Li K, Cong S, 2015, State of the art and prospects of structured sensing matrices in compressed sensing, Frontiers of Computer Science, Vol: 9, Pages: 665-677, ISSN: 2095-2228

Journal article

Li K, Rojas C, Chatterjee S, Hjalmarsson Het al., 2014, Piecewise Toeplitz matrices-based sensing for rank minimization, IEEE European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2014)

Conference paper

Yang T, Yuan Y, Li K, Goncalves J, Jonansson KHet al., 2014, Finite-time road grade computation for a vehicle platoon, IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC 2014)

Conference paper

Li K, Cong S, 2014, A robust compressive quantum state tomography algorithm using ADMM, 19th World Congress of the International Federation of Automation Control (IFAC 2014)

Conference paper

Li K, Gan L, Ling C, 2013, Convolutional Compressed Sensing Using Deterministic Sequences, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, Vol: 61, ISSN: 1053-587X

Journal article

Li K, 2013, Structured Compressed Sensing Using Deterministic Sequences

Book

Gan L, Li K, Ling C, 2012, Golay Meets Hadamard: Golay-Paired Hadamard Matrices for Fast Compressed Sensing, IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 637-641

Conference paper

Li K, Ling C, Gan L, 2011, DETERMINISTIC COMPRESSED-SENSING MATRICES: WHERE TOEPLITZ MEETS GOLAY, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Publisher: IEEE, Pages: 3748-3751, ISSN: 1520-6149

Conference paper

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