Imperial College London
Portrait Picture

Dr Alan King Lun Liu

Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences

Honorary Clinical Research Fellow
 
 
 
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Contact

 

king.liu09

 
 
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Location

 

Burlington DanesHammersmith Campus

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Summary

 

Publications

Publication Type
Year
to

69 results found

Harrison CH, Buckland GR, Brooks SE, Johnston DA, Liu AKL, Gentleman SM, Boche D, Nicoll JARet al., 2016, Methods to demonstrate the three dimensional organization of the cerebral cortical vasculature-relevance to Alzheimer's disease, 117th Meeting of the British-Neuropathological-Society, Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL, Pages: 23-23, ISSN: 0305-1846

Conference paper

Lim EJ, Liu AKL, Ahmed I, Pearce RKB, Gentleman SMet al., 2016, Clinicopathological correlations of the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca in Lewy body disorders, 117th Meeting of the British-Neuropathological-Society, Publisher: WILEY, Pages: 12-13, ISSN: 0305-1846

Conference paper

Liu AKL, Hurry MED, Ng OTW, DeFelice J, Lai HM, Pearce RKB, Wong GTC, Chang RCC, Gentleman SMet al., 2015, Bringing CLARITY to the human brain: visualization of Lewy pathology in three dimensions, Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, Vol: 42, Pages: 573-587, ISSN: 1365-2990

Aims: CLARITY is a novel technique which enables three-dimensional visualisation of immunostained tissue for the study of circuitry and spatial interactions between cells and molecules in the brain. In this study we aimed to compare methodological differences in the application of CLARITY between rodent and large human post-mortem brain samples. In addition, we aimed to investigate if this technique could be used to visualise Lewy pathology in a post-mortem Parkinson’s brain. Methods: Rodent and human brain samples were clarified and immunostained using the passive version of the CLARITY technique. Samples were then immersed in different refractive index matching media before mounting and visualising under a confocal microscope. Results: We found that tissue clearing speed using passive CLARITY differs according to species (human vs rodents), brain region and degree of fixation (fresh vs formalin-fixed tissues). Furthermore, there were advantages to using specific refractive index matching media. We have applied this technique and have successfully visualised Lewy body inclusions in three dimensions within the nucleus basalis of Meynert, and the spatial relationship between monoaminergic fibres and Lewy pathologies among nigrostriatal fibres in the midbrain without the need for physical serial sectioning of brain tissue. Conclusions: The effective use of CLARITY on large samples of human tissue opens up many potential avenues for detailed pathological and morphological studies.

Journal article

Alexandris A, Liu AKL, Chang RCC, Pearce RKB, Gentleman Set al., 2015, Differential expression of galanin in the cholinergic basal forebrain of patients with Lewy body disorders., Acta Neuropathologica Communications, Vol: 3, ISSN: 2051-5960

IntroductionDepletion of cholinergic neurons within the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) is thought to contribute to the development of cognitive impairments in both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy body disorders (LBD). It has been reported that, in late stage AD, a network of fibres that contain the neuropeptide galanin displays significant hypertrophy and ‘hyperinnervates’ the surviving cholinergic neurons. Galanin is considered as a highly inducible neuroprotective factor and in AD this is assumed to be part of a protective tissue response. The aim of this study was to determine if a similar galanin upregulation is present in the nbM in post-mortem tissue from patients with LBD. Gallatin immunohistochemistry was carried out on anterior nbM sections from 76 LBD cases (27 PD, 15 PD with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 34 PD with dementia (PDD) and 4 aged-matched controls. Galaninergic innervation of cholinergic neurons was assessed on a semi-quantitative scale.ResultsThe LBD group had significantly higher galaninergic innervation scores (p = 0.016) compared to controls. However, this difference was due to increased innervation density only in a subgroup of LBD cases and this correlated positively with choline acetyltransferase–immunopositive neuron density.ConclusionGalanin upregulation within the basal forebrain cholinergic system in LBD, similar to that seen in AD, may represent an intrinsic adaptive response to neurodegeneration that is consistent with its proposed roles in neurogenesis and neuroprotection.

Journal article

Liu AKL, Chang RC-C, Pearce RKB, Gentleman SMet al., 2015, Nucleus basalis of Meynert revisited: anatomy, history and differential involvement in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA, Vol: 129, Pages: 527-540, ISSN: 0001-6322

Journal article

Liu AKL, Chang RCC, Pearce RKB, Gentleman SMet al., 2015, Sub-regional nucleus basalis of Meynert pathology in Lewy body disorders, 116th Meeting of the British-Neuropathological-Society, Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL, Pages: 11-12, ISSN: 0305-1846

Conference paper

Liu AKL, Chang RCC, Pearce RKB, Gentleman SMet al., 2015, Where is the human nucleus basalis of Meynert?, 116th Meeting of the British-Neuropathological-Society, Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL, Pages: 34-35, ISSN: 0305-1846

Conference paper

Alexandris A, Liu AKL, Pearce RKB, Gentleman SMet al., 2015, Differential expression of galanin in the basal forebrain in Lewy body disorders, 116th Meeting of the British-Neuropathological-Society, Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL, Pages: 34-34, ISSN: 0305-1846

Conference paper

Gentleman S, Liu A, Cole P, Carvalho J, Dhillon Met al., 2014, CTE in boxers: modern findings in classic cases, 18th International Congress of Neuropathology, Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL, Pages: 84-84, ISSN: 1015-6305

Conference paper

Gentleman S, Liu A, Pearce R, Alexandris Aet al., 2014, Differential expression of galanin in the basal forebrain of patients with Lewy body disorders, 18th International Congress of Neuropathology, Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL, Pages: 70-71, ISSN: 1015-6305

Conference paper

Liu AKL, Pearce RKB, Gentleman SM, 2014, Assessing cortical cholinergic projections in Lewy body disorders using M2 muscarinic receptor immunohistochemistry, 115th Meeting of the British-Neuropathological-Society, Institute-of-Child-Health, Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL, Pages: 37-38, ISSN: 0305-1846

Conference paper

Liu AKL, 2013, Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease: Hype or hope?, Bioscience Horizons, Vol: 6

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting millions of people in the world. Cognitive impairments such as progressive memory loss are devastating manifestations from this disease. Current pharmacological treatment has limited efficacy and only provides symptomatic relief without long-term cure. As a result, cell-replacement therapy using stem cells is an emerging potential treatment to AD. In the last decade, there have been animal trials using stem cells to treat and modulate cognitive impairment in AD models via three different mechanisms - replacing the damaged or dead cholinergic neurons; protecting neurons by reducing toxic amyloid protein aggregates or insoluble tau neurofibrillary tangles and promoting neurogenesis in hippocampus by neurotrophic secretions from stem cells. All of the trials showed promising results and improved our understandings about the mechanism of dementia in AD. With the continued improvement in safety profile of stem cell therapy and the creation of a better animal AD model in which to test them, it is feasible that stem cells could be trialled in humans for AD treatment in the next 5-10 years. © 2013 The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press.

Journal article

Williams DT, Liu AK, 2006, Cerebral venous thrombosis: Hemorrhagic stroke requiring acute heparin anticoagulation, JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Vol: 31, Pages: 111-113, ISSN: 0736-4679

Journal article

Liu AK, Marcus KJ, Fischl B, Grant PE, Poussaint TY, Rivkin MJ, Davis P, Tarbell NJ, Yock TIet al., 2006, Changes in the cerebral cortex of children treated for medulloblastoma, 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology (ASTRO), Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, Pages: S528-S529, ISSN: 0360-3016

Conference paper

Williams DT, Sue MW, Gabriel EA, Liu AKet al., 2004, Cerebral venous thrombosis: Hemorrhagic stroke requiring acute heparin anticoagulation, JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Vol: 27, Pages: 295-297, ISSN: 0736-4679

Journal article

Williams DT, Liu AK, 2004, Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: The presence and morphology of sinovenous stenosis, NEUROLOGY, Vol: 62, Pages: 838-839, ISSN: 0028-3878

Journal article

Rietzel E, Liu AK, Chen GT, Doppke KP, Choi NCet al., 2004, Clinical implementation: 4D computed tomography for thoracic tumor treatment planning, 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, Pages: S609-S610, ISSN: 0360-3016

Conference paper

Liu AK, Shabshin N, Schweitzer ME, Carrino JAet al., 2002, Conspicuity of lumbar spine abnormalities: Comparison between STIR and FSE T2W sequences, 88th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological-Society-of-North-America, Publisher: RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA, Pages: 563-564, ISSN: 0033-8419

Conference paper

Liu AK, Dale AM, Belliveau JW, 2002, Monte Carlo simulation studies of EEG and MEG localization accuracy, HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Vol: 16, Pages: 47-62, ISSN: 1065-9471

Journal article

Sasaki Y, Hadjikhani N, Fischl B, Liu AK, Marret S, Dale AM, Tootell RBHet al., 2002, Local and global attention are mapped retinotopically in human occipital cortex (vol 98, pg 2077, 2001), PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 99, Pages: 4752-4752, ISSN: 0027-8424

Journal article

Rosas HD, Liu AK, Hersch S, Glessner M, Ferrante RJ, Salat DH, van der Kouwe A, Jenkins BG, Dale AM, Fischl Bet al., 2002, Regional and progressive thinning of the cortical ribbon in Huntington's disease, NEUROLOGY, Vol: 58, Pages: 695-701, ISSN: 0028-3878

Journal article

Witzel T, Halgren E, Fischl BR, Liu AK, Ahlfors SP, Dale AMet al., 2001, Spatiotemporal imaging of brain activation using FreeSurfer, Publisher: ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, Pages: S286-S286, ISSN: 1053-8119

Conference paper

Lin FH, Ahlfors SP, Witzel T, Dale AM, Fischl BR, Liu AK, Belliveau JW, Halgren Eet al., 2001, Cancellation of MEG and EEG signals with distributed source activation on realistic cortical surface, Publisher: ACADEMIC PRESS INC, Pages: S186-S186, ISSN: 1053-8119

Conference paper

Bonmassar G, Schwartz DP, Liu AK, Kwong KK, Dale AM, Belliveau JWet al., 2001, Spatiotemporal brain imaging of visual-evoked activity using interleaved EEG and fMRI recordings, NEUROIMAGE, Vol: 13, Pages: 1035-1043, ISSN: 1053-8119

Journal article

Sasaki Y, Hadjikhani N, Fischl B, Liu AK, Marret S, Dale AM, Tootell RBHet al., 2001, Local and global attention are mapped retinotopically in human occipital cortex, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 98, Pages: 2077-2082, ISSN: 0027-8424

Journal article

Dale AM, Liu AK, Fischl BR, Buckner RL, Belliveau JW, Lewine JD, Halgren Eet al., 2000, Dynamic statistical parametric mapping: Combining fMRI and MEG for high-resolution imaging of cortical activity, NEURON, Vol: 26, Pages: 55-67, ISSN: 0896-6273

Journal article

Liu AK, Sereno MI, Rosen BR, Belliveau JW, Dale AMet al., 2000, fMRI constrained linear estimation of cortical activity from MEG measurements: A model study, 10th International Conference on Biomagnetism, Publisher: SPRINGER, Pages: 1142-1145

Conference paper

Ahlfors SP, Simpson GV, Dale AM, Belliveau JW, Liu AK, Korvenoja A, Virtanen J, Huotilainen M, Tootell RBH, Aronen HJ, Ilmoniemi RJet al., 1999, Spatiotemporal activity of a cortical network for processing visual motion revealed by MEG and fMRI, JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, Vol: 82, Pages: 2545-2555, ISSN: 0022-3077

Journal article

Mendola JD, Dale AM, Fischl B, Liu AK, Tootell RBHet al., 1999, The representation of illusory and real contours in human cortical visual areas revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging, JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Vol: 19, Pages: 8560-8572, ISSN: 0270-6474

Journal article

Liu AK, Belliveau JW, Dale AM, 1998, Spatiotemporal imaging of human brain activity using functional MRI constrained magnetoencephalography data: Monte Carlo simulations, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 95, Pages: 8945-8950, ISSN: 0027-8424

Journal article

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