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Tudor KI, Pašiü MB, Škegro SN, et al., 2021, Lower urinary tract symptoms and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis, Psychiatria Danubina, Vol: 32, Pages: 113-121, ISSN: 0353-5053
Background: Both depression and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) may be present in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study was to give an insight on depression and LUTS in patients with MS in Croatia and to determine the possible association between LUTS and depression in patients with MS. Subjects and methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary healthcare center in Croatia. Hundred and one consecutive patients with MS (75 female, 26 male, mean age 42.09 (range 19-77) years, mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score 3.1 (range 0.0-7.0)) participated in this study. We evaluated LUTS and related quality of life (QoL) using three International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaires (ICIQ) enquiring about overactive bladder (ICIQ-OAB), urinary incontinence short form (ICIQ-UI SF) and lower urinary tract symptoms related quality of life (ICIQLUTS-QoL). ICIQ-OAB and ICIQLUTS-QoL were for this purpose with permission successfully translated and validated into Croatian, while ICIQ-UI SF was already previously validated for the Croatian language. Information regarding treatment for depression was obtained during the medical interview. Data were analyzed and interpreted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). Results: 89.10% (N=90) patients with MS reported urgency with urge urinary incontinence (UUI) present in 70.29% (N=71). 81.18% (N=82) patients reported nocturia, and 90.09% (N=91) reported feeling drowsy or sleepy during the day due to bladder symptoms. Neurological deficit measured by EDSS was found to positively correlate with LUTS on all three questionnaires: ICIQ-OAB (r=0.390, p<0.05), ICIQ-UI SF (r=0.477, p<0.01) and ICIQ-LUTSQoL (r=0.317, p<0.05). 25 patients were in treatment for depression. There were no significant differences between female and male patients regarding treatment for depression (Ȥ2=0.018, df=1, p>0.05). Results on
Alattas A, Teepe GW, Leidenberger K, et al., 2021, To What Scale Are Conversational Agents Used by Top-funded Companies Offering Digital Mental Health Services for Depression?, 14th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies (BIOSTEC) / 14th Int Conf on Bio-inspired Systems and Signal Processing (BIOSIGNALS) / 14th Int Conf on Biomedical Electronics and Devices (BIODEVICES), Publisher: SCITEPRESS, Pages: 801-808
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Mönninghoff A, Kramer JN, Hess AJ, et al., 2020, Long-term Effectiveness of mHealth Physical Activity Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Preprint)
<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> <p>Mobile health (mHealth) interventions can increase physical activity (PA); however, their long-term impact is not well understood.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> <p>The primary aim of this study is to understand the immediate and long-term effects of mHealth interventions on PA. The secondary aim is to explore potential effect moderators.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> <p>We performed this study according to the Cochrane and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO in July 2020. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials of mHealth interventions targeting PA as a primary outcome in adults. Eligible outcome measures were walking, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total physical activity (TPA), and energy expenditure. Where reported, we extracted data for 3 time points (ie, end of intervention, follow-up ≤6 months, and follow-up &gt;6 months). To explore effect moderators, we performed subgroup analyses by population, intervention design, and control group type. Results were summarized using random effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> <p>Of the 2828 identified studies, 117 were included. These studies reported on 21,118 participants with a mean age of 52.03 (SD 14.14) years, of whom 58.99% (n=12,459) were female. mHealth interventions significantly inc
Nazeha N, Pavagadhi D, Kyaw BM, et al., 2020, Digitally competent health workforce: a scoping review of educational frameworks, Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol: 22, Pages: 1-20, ISSN: 1438-8871
Background: Digital health technologies can be key to improving health outcomes, provided health workers are adequately trained to utilize these technologies. There have been efforts to identify digital competencies for different health worker groups, however, an overview of these efforts has yet to be consolidated and analysed.Objective: The objective of this review is to identify and study the existing digital health competency frameworks for health workers and provide recommendations for future digital health training initiatives and framework development.Methods: A literature search was performed to collate digital health competency frameworks published from year 2000. Six databases, including grey literature sources such as OpenGrey, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Google, and websites of relevant associations were searched in November 2019. Screening and data extraction were performed in parallel by reviewers. The included evidence is narratively described in terms of characteristics, evolution, and structural composition of frameworks. A thematic analysis was also performed to identify common themes across the included frameworks. Findings: Thirty frameworks were included in this review, a majority of which aimed at nurses, originated from high-income countries, published since 2016 and developed via literature reviews, followed by expert consultations. The thematic analysis uncovered 28 digital health competency domains across the included frameworks. The most prevalent domains were pertaining to basic IT literacy, health information management, digital communication, ethical/legal/regulatory requirements, and data privacy/security. The HITCOMP framework was found to be the most comprehensive framework, as it presented 21 out of the 28 identified domains, had the highest number of competencies, and targeted a wide variety of health workers.Conclusions: Digital health training initiatives should focus on competencies relevant to a particular health worker grou
Tudor KI, Bošnjak Pašić M, Nađ Škegro S, et al., 2020, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Depression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis., Psychiatr Danub, Vol: 32, Pages: 511-519, ISSN: 0353-5053
BACKGROUND: Both depression and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) may be present in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study was to give an insight on depression and LUTS in patients with MS in Croatia and to determine the possible association between LUTS and depression in patients with MS. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary healthcare center in Croatia. Hundred and one consecutive patients with MS (75 female, 26 male, mean age 42.09 (range 19-77) years, mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score 3.1 (range 0.0-7.0)) participated in this study. We evaluated LUTS and related quality of life (QoL) using three International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaires (ICIQ) enquiring about overactive bladder (ICIQ-OAB), urinary incontinence short form (ICIQ-UI SF) and lower urinary tract symptoms related quality of life (ICIQLUTS-QoL). ICIQ-OAB and ICIQLUTS-QoL were for this purpose with permission successfully translated and validated into Croatian, while ICIQ-UI SF was already previously validated for the Croatian language. Information regarding treatment for depression was obtained during the medical interview. Data were analyzed and interpreted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). RESULTS: 89.10% (N=90) patients with MS reported urgency with urge urinary incontinence (UUI) present in 70.29% (N=71). 81.18% (N=82) patients reported nocturia, and 90.09% (N=91) reported feeling drowsy or sleepy during the day due to bladder symptoms. Neurological deficit measured by EDSS was found to positively correlate with LUTS on all three questionnaires: ICIQ-OAB (r=0.390, p<0.05), ICIQ-UI SF (r=0.477, p<0.01) and ICIQ-LUTSQoL (r=0.317, p<0.05). 25 patients were in treatment for depression. There were no significant differences between female and male patients regarding treatment for depression (χ2=0.018, df=1, p>0.05). Results
Lozano R, Fullman N, Mumford JE, et al., 2020, Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, The Lancet, Vol: 396, Pages: 1250-1284, ISSN: 0140-6736
BackgroundAchieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages.MethodsBased on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (≥65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0–100 based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified
Haagsma JA, James SL, Castle CD, et al., 2020, Burden of injury along the development spectrum: associations between the Socio-demographic Index and disability-adjusted life year estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, Injury Prevention, Vol: 26, Pages: i12-i626, ISSN: 1353-8047
BACKGROUND: The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well documented in global health literature. Less focus, however, has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injury for 195 countries and territories at different levels along the development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates. METHODS: Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm-the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on surveys and inpatient and outpatient data sets for 30 cause-of-injury with 47 nature-of-injury categories each. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator that includes lagged income per capita, average educational attainment over age 15 years and total fertility rate. RESULTS: For many causes of injury, age-standardised DALY rates declined with increasing SDI, although road injury, interpersonal violence and self-harm did not follow this pattern. Particularly for self-harm opposing patterns were observed in regions with similar SDI levels. For road injuries, this effect was less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS: The overall global pattern is that of declining injury burden with increasing SDI. However, not all injuries follow this pattern, which suggests multiple underlying mechanisms influencing injury DALYs. There is a need for a detailed understanding of these patterns to help to inform national and global efforts to address injury-related health outcomes across the development spectrum.
James SL, Castle CD, Dingels ZV, et al., 2020, Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, Injury Prevention, Vol: 26, Pages: i96-i114, ISSN: 1353-8047
BACKGROUND: Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. METHODS: We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). FINDINGS: In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). INTERPRETATION: Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.
Wang H, Abbas KM, Abbasifard M, et al., 2020, Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, The Lancet, Vol: 396, Pages: 1160-1203, ISSN: 0140-6736
BackgroundAccurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019.Methods8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated usin
Foong HF, Kyaw BM, Upton Z, et al., 2020, Facilitators and barriers of using digital technology for the management of diabetic foot ulcers: A qualitative systematic review, INTERNATIONAL WOUND JOURNAL, Vol: 17, Pages: 1266-1281, ISSN: 1742-4801
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James SL, Castle CD, Dingels Z, et al., 2020, Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 26, pg i96, 2020), INJURY PREVENTION, Vol: 26, Pages: 165-165, ISSN: 1353-8047
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Murray CJL, Aravkin AY, Zheng P, et al., 2020, Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, The Lancet, Vol: 396, Pages: 1223-1249, ISSN: 0140-6736
BackgroundRigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease.MethodsGBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quant
Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, et al., 2020, Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, The Lancet, Vol: 396, Pages: 1204-1222, ISSN: 0140-6736
BackgroundIn an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries.MethodsGBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of
James SL, Castle CD, Dingels ZV, et al., 2020, Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study, Injury Prevention, Vol: 26, Pages: i125-i153, ISSN: 1353-8047
BACKGROUND: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. METHODS: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. RESULTS: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.
Tudor Car L, Dhinagaran DA, Kyaw BM, et al., 2020, Conversational agents in healthcare: a scoping review and conceptual analysis, Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol: 22, Pages: 1-21, ISSN: 1438-8871
Background: Conversational agents also known as chatbots are computer programs designed to simulate human text or verbal conversations. They are increasingly used in a range of fields, including healthcare. By enabling better accessibility, personalization and efficiency, conversational agents have the potential to improve patient care.Objectives: To review the current applications, gaps and challenges in the literature on conversational agents in healthcare and provide recommendations for their future research, design and application. Methods: We performed a scoping review. A broad literature search was done in Medline (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane central with the search terms “conversational agents”, “conversational AI”, “chatbots” and associated synonyms. We also searched grey literature using sources such as OCLC World Cat database and Research Gate in April 2019. Reference lists of relevant articles were checked for further articles. Screening and data extraction were performed in parallel by two review authors. The included evidence was analyzed narratively employing the principles of thematic analysis.Results: The literature search yielded 47 study reports (45 articles and two ongoing clinical trials) which matched the inclusion criteria. The identified conversational agents were largely smartphone applications-delivered (n=23) and used free text only as the main input (n=19) and output (n=30) modality. Case-studies describing chatbot development (n=18) were most prevalent and only 11 RCTs were identified. Three most commonly reported conversational agent applications in the literature were treatment and monitoring, healthcare service support, and patient education.Conclusions: The literature on conversational agents in healthcare is largely descriptive and aimed at treatment and monitoring and health service support. It mostly reports on text-based, AI-driven and mobile application-delivered conversa
Nazeha N, Pavagadhi D, Kyaw BM, et al., 2020, A Digitally Competent Health Workforce: Scoping Review of Educational Frameworks (Preprint)
<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> <p>Digital health technologies can be key to improving health outcomes, provided health care workers are adequately trained to use these technologies. There have been efforts to identify digital competencies for different health care worker groups; however, an overview of these efforts has yet to be consolidated and analyzed.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> <p>The review aims to identify and study existing digital health competency frameworks for health care workers and provide recommendations for future digital health training initiatives and framework development.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> <p>A literature search was performed to collate digital health competency frameworks published from 2000. A total of 6 databases including gray literature sources such as OpenGrey, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Google, and websites of relevant associations were searched in November 2019. Screening and data extraction were performed in parallel by the reviewers. The included evidence is narratively described in terms of characteristics, evolution, and structural composition of frameworks. A thematic analysis was also performed to identify common themes across the included frameworks.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> <p>In total, 30 frameworks were included in this review, a majority of which aimed at nurses, originated from high-income countries, were published since 2016, and were developed via literature reviews, followed by expert consultations. The thematic analysis uncovered 28 digit
Soriano JB, Kendrick PJ, Paulson KR, et al., 2020, Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Vol: 8, Pages: 585-596, ISSN: 2213-2600
BackgroundPrevious attempts to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases have focused only on specific disease conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. In this study, we aimed to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases globally, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis on geographical and time trends from 1990 to 2017.MethodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we estimated the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality attributable to chronic respiratory diseases through an analysis of deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and years of life lost (YLL) by GBD super-region, from 1990 to 2017, stratified by age and sex. Specific diseases analysed included asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, and other chronic respiratory diseases. We also assessed the contribution of risk factors (smoking, second-hand smoke, ambient particulate matter and ozone pollution, household air pollution from solid fuels, and occupational risks) to chronic respiratory disease-attributable DALYs.FindingsIn 2017, 544·9 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 506·9–584·8) worldwide had a chronic respiratory disease, representing an increase of 39·8% compared with 1990. Chronic respiratory disease prevalence showed wide variability across GBD super-regions, with the highest prevalence among both males and females in high-income regions, and the lowest prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. The age-sex-specific prevalence of each chronic respiratory disease in 2017 was also highly variable geographically. Chronic respiratory diseases were the third leading cause of death in 2017 (7·0% [95% UI 6·8–7·2] of all deaths), behind cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. Deaths due to chronic respiratory diseases numbered 3 914 196 (95% UI 3 790 578–
Han TC, Kyaw BM, Smith H, et al., 2020, The use of smartphones to detect diabetic retinopathy: a scoping review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies, Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol: 22, ISSN: 1438-8871
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common complication of diabetes mellitus, is the leading cause of impaired vision in adults worldwide. Smartphones ophthalmoscopy involves using a smartphone camera for digital retinal imaging. Utilizing smartphones to detect DR is potentially more affordable, accessible and easier to use than conventional methods. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of various smartphone ophthalmoscopy approaches for detecting DR in diabetic patients. Methods: We performed an electronic search on MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library for literature published from January 2000 to November 2018. We included studies involving diabetic patients which compared the diagnostic accuracy of smartphone ophthalmoscopy for detecting DR, to an accurate or commonly-employed reference standard, e.g. indirect ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and tabletop fundus photography. Two reviewers independently screened studies against the inclusion criteria, extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies using the QUADAS-2 tool, with disagreements resolved via consensus. Sensitivity and specificity were pooled using the random-effects model. A summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was constructed. This review is reported in line with the PRISMA-DTA guidelines. Results: Nine studies involving 1430 participants were included. Most were of high quality, except one study with limited applicability due to its reference standard. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for detecting: any DR was 87% (95% CI 74%–94%) and 94% (81%–98%); mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR) was 39% (10%–79%) and 95% (91%–98%); moderate NPDR was 71% (57%–81%) and 95% (88%–98%); severe NPDR was 80% (49%–94%) and 97% (88%–99%); PDR was 92% (79%–97%) and 99% (96%–99%); diabetic macular edema was 79% (63%–89%) and 93% (82%–97%); and referral-warranted DR was 91% (86%–94%) and 8
Carrillo Larco R, Tudor Car L, Pearson-Stuttard J, et al., 2020, Machine learning health-related applications in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review protocol, BMJ Open, Vol: 10, ISSN: 2044-6055
Introduction Machine learning (ML) has been used in bio-medical research, and recently in clinical and public health research. However, much of the available evidence comes from high-income countries, where different health profiles challenge the application of this research to low/middle-income countries (LMICs). It is largely unknown what ML applications are available for LMICs that can support and advance clinical medicine and public health. We aim to address this gap by conducting a scoping review of health-related ML applications in LMICs.Methods and analysis This scoping review will follow the methodology proposed by Levac et al. The search strategy is informed by recent systematic reviews of ML health-related applications. We will search Embase, Medline and Global Health (through Ovid), Cochrane and Google Scholar; we will present the date of our searches in the final review. Titles and abstracts will be screened by two reviewers independently; selected reports will be studied by two reviewers independently. Reports will be included if they are primary research where data have been analysed, ML techniques have been used on data from LMICs and they aimed to improve health-related outcomes. We will synthesise the information following evidence mapping recommendations.Ethics and dissemination The review will provide a comprehensive list of health-related ML applications in LMICs. The results will be disseminated through scientific publications. We also plan to launch a website where ML models can be hosted so that researchers, policymakers and the general public can readily access them.
Martinengo L, Yeo NJY, Markandran KDO, et al., 2020, Digital health professions education on chronic wound management: A systematic review, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES, Vol: 104, ISSN: 0020-7489
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Driscoll T, Steenland K, Pearce N, et al., 2020, Global and regional burden of chronic respiratory disease in 2016 arising from non-infectious airborne occupational exposures: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Vol: 77, Pages: 142-150, ISSN: 1351-0711
Objectives This paper presents detailed analysis of the global and regional burden of chronic respiratory disease arising from occupational airborne exposures, as estimated in the Global Burden of Disease 2016 study.Methods The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to occupational exposure to particulate matter, gases and fumes, and secondhand smoke, and the burden of asthma resulting from occupational exposure to asthmagens, was estimated using the population attributable fraction (PAF), calculated using exposure prevalence and relative risks from the literature. PAFs were applied to the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for COPD and asthma. Pneumoconioses were estimated directly from cause of death data. Age-standardised rates were based only on persons aged 15 years and above.Results The estimated PAFs (based on DALYs) were 17% (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 14%–20%) for COPD and 10% (95% UI 9%–11%) for asthma. There were estimated to be 519 000 (95% UI 441,000–609,000) deaths from chronic respiratory disease in 2016 due to occupational airborne risk factors (COPD: 460,100 [95% UI 382,000–551,000]; asthma: 37,600 [95% UI 28,400–47,900]; pneumoconioses: 21,500 [95% UI 17,900–25,400]. The equivalent overall burden estimate was 13.6 million (95% UI 11.9–15.5 million); DALYs (COPD: 10.7 [95% UI 9.0–12.5] million; asthma: 2.3 [95% UI 1.9–2.9] million; pneumoconioses: 0.58 [95% UI 0.46–0.67] million). Rates were highest in males; older persons and mainly in Oceania, Asia and sub-Saharan Africa; and decreased from 1990 to 2016.Conclusions Workplace exposures resulting in COPD, asthma and pneumoconiosis continue to be important contributors to the burden of disease in all regions of the world. This should be reducible through improved prevention and control of relevant exposures.
Driscoll T, Rushton L, Hutchings SJ, et al., 2020, Global and regional burden of disease and injury in 2016 arising from occupational exposures: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Vol: 77, Pages: 133-141, ISSN: 1351-0711
Objectives This study provides an overview of the influence of occupational risk factors on the global burden of disease as estimated by the occupational component of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2016 study.Methods The GBD 2016 study estimated the burden in terms of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) arising from the effects of occupational risk factors (carcinogens; asthmagens; particulate matter, gases and fumes (PMGF); secondhand smoke (SHS); noise; ergonomic risk factors for low back pain; risk factors for injury). A population attributable fraction (PAF) approach was used for most risk factors.Results In 2016, globally, an estimated 1.53 (95% uncertainty interval 1.39–1.68) million deaths and 76.1 (66.3–86.3) million DALYs were attributable to the included occupational risk factors, accounting for 2.8% of deaths and 3.2% of DALYs from all causes. Most deaths were attributable to PMGF, carcinogens (particularly asbestos), injury risk factors and SHS. Most DALYs were attributable to injury risk factors and ergonomic exposures. Men and persons 55 years or older were most affected. PAFs ranged from 26.8% for low back pain from ergonomic risk factors and 19.6% for hearing loss from noise to 3.4% for carcinogens. DALYs per capita were highest in Oceania, Southeast Asia and Central sub-Saharan Africa. On a per capita basis, between 1990 and 2016 there was an overall decrease of about 31% in deaths and 25% in DALYs.Conclusions Occupational exposures continue to cause an important health burden worldwide, justifying the need for ongoing prevention and control initiatives.
Driscoll T, Rushton L, Steenland K, et al., 2020, Global and regional burden of cancer in 2016 arising from occupational exposure to selected carcinogens: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Vol: 77, Pages: 151-159, ISSN: 1351-0711
Objectives This study provides a detailed analysis of the global and regional burden of cancer due to occupational carcinogens from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 study.Methods The burden of cancer due to 14 International Agency for Research on Cancer Group 1 occupational carcinogens was estimated using the population attributable fraction, based on past population exposure prevalence and relative risks from the literature. The results were used to calculate attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).Results There were an estimated 349 000 (95% Uncertainty Interval 269 000 to 427 000) deaths and 7.2 (5.8 to 8.6) million DALYs in 2016 due to exposure to the included occupational carcinogens—3.9% (3.2% to 4.6%) of all cancer deaths and 3.4% (2.7% to 4.0%) of all cancer DALYs; 79% of deaths were of males and 88% were of people aged 55 –79 years. Lung cancer accounted for 86% of the deaths, mesothelioma for 7.9% and laryngeal cancer for 2.1%. Asbestos was responsible for the largest number of deaths due to occupational carcinogens (63%); other important risk factors were secondhand smoke (14%), silica (14%) and diesel engine exhaust (5%). The highest mortality rates were in high-income regions, largely due to asbestos-related cancers, whereas in other regions cancer deaths from secondhand smoke, silica and diesel engine exhaust were more prominent. From 1990 to 2016, there was a decrease in the rate for deaths (−10%) and DALYs (−15%) due to exposure to occupational carcinogens.Conclusions Work-related carcinogens are responsible for considerable disease burden worldwide. The results provide guidance for prevention and control initiatives.
Lim VW, Car LT, Leo Y-S, et al., 2020, Passive immune therapy and other immunomodulatory agents for the treatment of severe influenza: Systematic review and meta-analysis, INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES, Vol: 14, Pages: 226-236, ISSN: 1750-2640
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Tudor Car L, 2020, Information needs and information seeking behaviour of people with dementia and their non-professional caregivers: a scoping review, BMC Geriatrics, Vol: 20, Pages: 1-17, ISSN: 1471-2318
Background: People with dementia often require full-time caregivers especially in the later stages of their condition. People with dementia and caregivers’ access to reliable information on dementia is essential as it may have an important impact on patient care and quality of life. This study aims to provide an overview of the information needs and information seeking behaviour of people with dementia and their non-professional caregivers.Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the literature and searched four electronic databases for eligible studies published up to August 2018. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. Information needs were classified according to emerging themes in the literature, and information seeking behaviour was categorized using Wilson’s model of information behaviour. Results: Twenty studies with a total of 4,140 participants, were included in this review. Reported information needs focused on: (i) disease; (ii) patient care provision; (iii) healthcare services; and (iv) caregiver self-care. The most commonly reported information need was on healthcare service-related information. Characteristics found to influence information needs were the severity of dementia as well as patient and caregiver status. People with dementia and non-professional caregivers mainly displayed active searching, information seeking behaviour and preferred using electronic sources to obtain health information. Conclusion: Current dementia information sources available in English are extensive in the information they offer, but more emphasis needs to be placed on healthcare service-related information. All studies originated from high income countries and focused on information needs of non-professional caregivers only. The only variables found to be associated to information needs were severity of dementia condition as well as patient/caregiver status. The information needs identified in this review can be used to inform de
Soong A, Au ST, Kyaw BM, et al., 2020, Information needs and information seeking behaviour of people with dementia and their non-professional caregivers: a scoping review
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Background: People with dementia often require full-time caregivers especially in the later stages of their condition. People with dementia and caregivers’ access to reliable information on dementia is essential as it may have an important impact on patient care and quality of life. This study aims to provide an overview of the information needs and information seeking behaviour of people with dementia and their non-professional caregivers.Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the literature and searched four electronic databases for eligible studies published up to August 2018. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. Information needs were classified according to emerging themes in the literature, and information seeking behaviour was categorized using Wilson’s model of information behaviour. Results: Twenty studies with a total of 4,140 participants, were included in this review. Reported information needs focused on: (i) disease; (ii) patient care provision; (iii) healthcare services; and (iv) caregiver self-care. The most commonly reported information need was on healthcare service-related information. Characteristics found to influence information needs were the severity of dementia as well as patient and caregiver status. People with dementia and non-professional caregivers mainly displayed active searching, information seeking behaviour and preferred using electronic sources to obtain health information.Conclusion: Current dementia information sources available in English are extensive in the information they offer, but more emphasis needs to be placed on healthcare service-related information. All studies originated from high income countries and focused on information needs of non-professional caregivers only. The only variables found to be associated to information needs were severity of dementia condition as well as patient/caregiver status. The inf
Wong SKW, Smith HE, Chua JJS, et al., 2020, Effectiveness of self-management interventions in young adults with type 1 and 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis, DIABETIC MEDICINE, Vol: 37, Pages: 229-241, ISSN: 0742-3071
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Soong A, Au ST, Kyaw BM, et al., 2019, Information needs and information seeking behaviour of people with dementia and their non-professional caregivers: a scoping review
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Background Patients with dementia often require full-time caregivers especially in the later stages of their condition. Patients and caregivers’ access to reliable information on dementia is essential as it may have an important impact on patient care and quality of life. This study aims to provide an overview of the information needs and information seeking behaviour of dementia patients and their caregivers.Methods We conducted a scoping review of the literature and searched four electronic databases for eligible studies published up to August 2018. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. Information needs were classified according to emerging themes in the literature, and information seeking behaviour was categorized using Wilson’s model of information behaviour.Results Twenty studies with a total of 4,140 participants, were included in this review. Reported information needs focused on: (i) disease; (ii) patient care provision; (iii) healthcare services; and (iv) caregiver self-care. The most commonly reported information need was on healthcare service-related information. Characteristics found to influence information needs were the severity of dementia as well as patient and caregiver status. Dementia patients and caregivers mainly displayed active searching information seeking behaviour and preferred using electronic sources to obtain health information.Conclusion Current dementia information sources available in English are extensive in the information they offer, but more emphasis needs to be placed on healthcare service-related information. All studies originated from high income countries and focused on information needs of caregiver only. The only variable found to significantly influence information needs was severity of dementia condition. The information needs identified in this review can be used to inform development and design of future dementia
Tan CH, Quah W-H, Tan CSH, et al., 2019, Use of smartphones for detecting diabetic retinopathy: a protocol for a scoping review of diagnostic test accuracy studies, BMJ Open, Vol: 9, ISSN: 2044-6055
Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of impaired vision in adults worldwide. Early detection and treatment for DR could improve patient outcomes. Traditional methods of detecting DR include the gold standard Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) seven standard fields fundus photography, ophthalmoscopy and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. These modalities can be expensive, difficult to access and require involvement of specialised healthcare professionals. With the development of mobile phone technology, there is a growing interest in their use for DR identification as this approach is potentially more affordable, accessible and easier to use. Smartphones can be employed in a variety of ways for ophthalmoscopy including the use of smartphone camera, various attachments and artificial intelligence for obtaining and grading of retinal images. The aim of this scoping review is to determine the diagnostic test accuracy of various smartphone ophthalmoscopy approaches for detecting DR in diabetic patients.Methods and analysis: We will perform an electronic search of MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library for literature published from 2000 onwards. Two reviewers will independently analyse studies for eligibility and assess study quality using the QUADAS-2 tool. Data for a 2⨉2 contingency table will be extracted. If possible, we will pool sensitivity and specificity data using the random-effects model and construct a summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. In case of high heterogeneity, we will present the findings narratively. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will be performed where appropriate.Ethics and dissemination: This scoping review aims to provide an overview of smartphone ophthalmoscopy in DR identification. It will present findings on the accuracy of smartphone ophthalmoscopy in detecting DR, identify gaps in the literature and provide recommendations
Au ST, Soong A, Myint Kyaw B, et al., 2019, Protocol for a scoping review on information needs and information-seeking behaviour of people with dementia and their non-professional caregivers, BMJ Open, Vol: 9, ISSN: 2044-6055
Background: Dementia is a debilitating disease that can lead to major changes in a patient’s behaviour and function. It is important to educate both dementia patients and their non-professional caregivers about the disease. Yet, currently available sources do not seem to be effective for patients and caregivers, who report a need for more information and guidance. A systematic identification of the patients’ and caregivers’ needs for information and information seeking behaviour is needed to create information resources that are relevant and beneficial to the target population. Objective: This is a protocol for a scoping review aimed at gathering knowledge on the information needs and information seeking behaviour of dementia patients and their non- professional caregivers. Our aim is also to provide recommendations for development of future dementia information resources.Methods: The study will commence in November 2018. Both quantitative and qualitative studies on the information needs of dementia patients or caregivers will be examined using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework for scoping studies. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted in electronic databases and grey literature sources. We will also screen reference lists of included studies and related systematic reviews for additional eligible studies. Two authors will perform screening of citations for eligibility, and independently extract data from the included studies in parallel. Any discrepancies will be resolved through discussion. The findings will be presented through a narrative synthesis and reported in line with PRISMA reporting guidelines. Ethics and dissemination: In this review, all included data will originate from published literature. Ethics approval is therefore not a requirement. We will present our findings at relevant conferences and will submit them for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Strengths and limitations of this study&bu
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