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@article{Umrekar:2021:10.3389/fmicb.2021.773386,
author = {Umrekar, T and Winterborn, Y and Sivabalasarma, S and Brantl, J and Albers, S-V and Beeby, M},
doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2021.773386},
journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
pages = {1--10},
title = {Evolution of archaellum rotation involved invention of a stator complex by duplicating and modifying a core component},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.773386},
volume = {12},
year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Novelty in biology can arise from opportunistic repurposing of nascent characteristics ofexisting features. Understanding how this process happens at the molecular scale, however,suffers from a lack of case studies. The evolutionary emergence of rotary motors is aparticularly clear example of evolution of a new function. The simplest of rotary motors is thearchaellum, a molecular motor that spins a helical propeller for archaeal motility analogous tothe bacterial flagellum. Curiously, emergence of archaellar rotation may have pivoted on thesimple duplication and repurposing of a pre-existing component to produce a stator complexthat anchors to the cell superstructure to enable productive rotation of the rotor component.This putative stator complex is composed of ArlF and ArlG, gene duplications of the filamentcomponent ArlB, providing an opportunity to study how gene duplication andneofunctionalization contributed to the radical innovation of rotary function. Towardunderstanding how this happened, we used electron cryomicroscopy to determine thestructure of isolated ArlG filaments, the major component of the stator complex. Using ahybrid modeling approach incorporating structure prediction and validation, we show thatArlG filaments are open helices distinct to the closed helical filaments of ArlB. Curiously,further analysis reveals that ArlG retains a subset of the inter-protomer interactions ofhomologous ArlB, resulting in a superficially different assembly that nevertheless reflects thecommon ancestry of the two structures. This relatively simple mechanism to changequaternary structure was likely associated with the evolutionary neofunctionalization of thearchaellar stator complex, and we speculate that the relative deformable elasticity of an openhelix may facilitate elastic energy storage during the transmission of the discrete bursts ofenergy released by ATP hydrolysis to continuous archaellar rotation, allowing the inherentproperties of a duplicated ArlB to be
AU  - Umrekar,T
AU  - Winterborn,Y
AU  - Sivabalasarma,S
AU  - Brantl,J
AU  - Albers,S-V
AU  - Beeby,M
DO  - 10.3389/fmicb.2021.773386
EP  - 10
PY  - 2021///
SN  - 1664-302X
SP  - 1
TI  - Evolution of archaellum rotation involved invention of a stator complex by duplicating and modifying a core component
T2  - Frontiers in Microbiology
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.773386
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.773386/full
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/92740
VL  - 12
ER  -

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