Publications
9 results found
Bonkile MP, Jiang Y, Kirkaldy N, et al., 2023, Coupled electrochemical-thermal-mechanical stress modelling in composite silicon/graphite lithium-ion battery electrodes, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol: 73, ISSN: 2352-152X
Silicon is often added to graphite battery electrodes to enhance the electrode-specific capacity, but it undergoes significant volume changes during (de)lithiation, which results in mechanical stress, fracture, and performance degradation. To develop long-lasting and energy-dense batteries, it is critical to understand the non-linear stress behaviour in composite silicon-graphite electrodes. In this study, we developed a coupled electrochemical-thermal-mechanical model of a composite silicon/graphite electrode in PyBaMM (an open-source physics-based modelling platform). The model is experimentally validated against a commercially available LGM50T battery, and the effects of C-rates, depth-of-discharge (DoD), and temperature are investigated. The developed model can reproduce the voltage hysteresis from the silicon and provide insights into the stress response and crack growth/propagation in the two different phases. The stress in the silicon is relatively low at low DoD but rapidly increases at a DoD >~80%, whereas the stress in the graphite increases with decreasing temperature and DoD. At higher C-rates, peak stress in the graphite increases as expected, however, this decreases for silicon due to voltage cut-offs being hit earlier, leading to lower active material utilisation since silicon is mostly active at high DoD. Therefore, this work provides an improved understanding of stress evolution in composite silicon/graphite lithium-ion batteries.
Bonkile MP, Ramadesigan V, 2022, Power control strategy and economic analysis using physics-based battery models in standalone wind-battery systems, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS, Vol: 54, ISSN: 2213-1388
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Bonkile MP, Ramadesigan V, 2022, Effects of sizing on battery life and generation cost in PV–wind battery hybrid systems, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol: 340, Pages: 130341-130341, ISSN: 0959-6526
Battery energy storage system (BESS) is a crucial part of standalone renewable hybrid power systems. Dynamic battery degradation analysis and life prediction are essential for better techno-economic estimation of standalone PV–wind battery hybrid power systems. With this viewpoint, this paper aims to study battery degradation using a physics-based pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) thermal battery model integrated with renewable PV–wind hybrid power systems and investigates the impact of BESS size variation on its degradation and its effect on the energy generation costs A power management and control strategy is developed to ensure continuous power flow with two regulation modes; (a) maximum power point tracking and (b) controlled power generation. Yearly real-world load data, operating, and ambient conditions are used to study five different percentage mixes of PV and wind power generation scenarios. For example, a mix of 70% PV-30% wind, 350 kWh BESS is needed (base case) based on the demand. The yearly degradation rate for this case is calculated to be 3.80%. The degradation rates vary from 3.80 to 2.33% per year for every 10% increment in the BESS size from the base case. Performing a techno-economic analysis reveals that the least energy generation cost is achieved when increasing the BESS size by 20%. This increases BESS life from 5.3 years to 7.3 years and reduces the generation cost from 35.19 ₹ kWh−1 (0.482 $ kWh−1) to 34.34 ₹ kWh−1 (0.470 $ kWh−1). These results provide essential insights to analyse the impact of BESS sizing on degradation and energy generation cost in a standalone PV–wind battery hybrid power system framework. The oversized BESS provides extended life and reduces the energy generation cost for a standalone PV–wind–battery hybrid power system.
Bonkile MP, Ramadesigan V, 2020, Physics-based models in PV-battery hybrid power systems: Thermal management and degradation analysis, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol: 31, Pages: 101458-101458, ISSN: 2352-152X
This paper presents a thermal management and control strategy to minimise thermal degradation in Li-ion batteries in a standalone solar-PV – Battery Energy Storage (BES) hybrid power system. The main objectives of this work are: (a) to analyse the effect of temperature on the performance and degradation of the BES system, and (b) to develop a simple, cost-effective thermal management strategy to maintain the BES system temperature (during charging) in a safe operating window. Typically, battery manufacturers estimate the battery life based on standard test conditions, which may be different from the various real-world climatic conditions throughout the year. The change in temperature has a significant effect on battery degradation processes. This paper employs a physics-based electrochemical-thermal single particle model for simulating a Li-ion battery capable of capturing these effects to analyse and address this issue. Simulations for an entire year are performed using real-world solar insolation and household energy consumption data of a residential area in India. The use of physics-based model helps in understanding the thermal aspects of degradation of the BES system. The BES system is better protected against thermally driven capacity fade using the proposed thermal management and control strategy that does not use any external cooling systems.
Bonkile MP, Ramadesigan V, 2019, PV-Wind-Battery Hybrid Power Systems: Power Management Control Strategy Using P2D Battery Model, ECS Meeting Abstracts, Vol: MA2019-02, Pages: 55-55
A standalone hybrid power system (SHPS) using renewable energy resources (RERs) like wind, solar, hydro and biomass can be installed at any remote location where power grid extension is either not possible or too expensive. However, these RERs have drawbacks like unpredictable nature, intermittency, dependence on location and mismatch of generated power with load demand. To overcome the above limitations SHPSs are often integrated with battery energy storage system (BESS) [1]. Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are one of the most popular and emerging options for energy storage for SHPSs [2]. The financial feasibility of the SHPSs depends on the operation and performance of LiBs which is one of the most expensive components. Improperly designed BESS leads to a high life cycle cost or failure of the system to provide a reliable power supply and hence the power management and control in the SHPS is an active area of research. It is essential to manage the power flow between the load, the power generated by RERs and the battery to ensure the power stability in the system and guarantee continuous power supply to the end user [3]. Till now various researchers successfully implemented empirical/equivalent circuit models (ECM), which are less reliable under dynamic operating conditions, to design battery management systems and control algorithms due to the ease of their implementation in the control and operation of SHPSs [4, 5]. We present the use of physics-based battery (pseudo-2D) models representing the transport and kinetic processes that take place in the LiBs [6] which provides better control and prediction of battery performance to design robust power management control strategy for the SHPS consisting of PV-wind based generators integrated with Li-ion battery. The wind velocity is negatively correlated to solar insolation [7] and therefore we consider the solar-wind combination to utilize their complementary nature. This framework comprises of PV panels, wind turbines
Bonkile MP, Ramadesigan V, Bandyopadhyay S, 2019, Energy Storage Design Using Physics-Based Battery Models in Hybrid Power Systems with Uncertainties, ECS Meeting Abstracts, Vol: MA2019-02, Pages: 54-54
Renewable energy resources (RERs) have the potential to satisfy the continuously growing energy demand and provide power to un-electrified remote locations. The power generated by RERs is not always reliable due to its dependence on atmospheric conditions like solar radiation, wind speed, and temperature. To provide uninterrupted power throughout day and night, and to ensure the power stability in the system, a battery energy storage (BES) system may be coupled with a standalone RER system [1]. Proper sizing of the BES system is crucial to make such hybrid power systems technically and economically feasible. Generally, empirical or equivalent circuit models (ECM) are used to calculate different battery parameters which are easy to solve, but not accurate enough to accommodate rapid changes in operating conditions and their effects on the battery’s transport and kinetic parameters which might lead to under-utilization and over-stacking of batteries, increasing the cost of the BES systems. Physics-based battery models can offer better prediction of battery parameters like the state of charge, cell degradation, and amount of energy remaining in the battery thereby enabling us to get the best energy storage design results. This presentation will illustrate the use of physics-based battery models to design the BES system for a standalone PV-BES hybrid power system. The graphical and numerical Pinch Analysis techniques help in finding the minimum resource targets and the detailed design of the standalone RER system. A Power Pinch Analysis (PoPA) framework [2] is used for determining the minimum PV area, and the battery capacity is calculated using physics-based battery models. A single particle model (SPM) [3] and a pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) model [4] are used for simulating the dynamic behavior of the lithium-ion battery. A framework is developed to evaluate the performance of a PV-BES hybrid power system using SPM [5], and LIONSIMBA [6] is used for the simulati
Bonkile MP, Ramadesigan V, 2019, Power management control strategy using physics-based battery models in standalone PV-battery hybrid systems, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol: 23, Pages: 258-268, ISSN: 2352-152X
The rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are becoming a technology of choice for energy storage applications, due to its high energy and power density. In this paper, a power management control strategy is proposed for a standalone PV-Battery Energy Storage (BES) hybrid system. The proposed control algorithm tracks the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the solar-cells while avoiding overcharging of LiBs under different solar radiation and load conditions. The controller has two regulation modes; (a) MPP Tracking mode, (b) battery state of charge limit mode. The standalone PV-BES hybrid system is represented as a system of differential algebraic equations and enables effective implementation of control algorithms. A physics-based single particle model accounting for internal states of a battery is implemented in the simulation and control algorithm. A mixed-order finite difference method with optimal node spacing and strong stability-preserving time-stepping Runge–Kutta scheme is used to solve the battery model. A case study is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy using real world data. The study reveals that the proposed power control strategy is robust and meets multiple objectives of standalone PV-BES hybrid systems such as no overcharging, 0% excess output power production, and ensuring no energy is transferred to the dump load.
Bonkile MP, Awasthi A, Lakshmi C, et al., 2018, A systematic literature review of Burgers’ equation with recent advances, Pramana, Vol: 90, ISSN: 0973-7111
Even if numerical simulation of the Burgers’ equation is well documented in the literature, a detailed literature survey indicates that gaps still exist for comparative discussion regarding the physical and mathematical significance of the Burgers’ equation. Recently, an increasing interest has been developed within the scientific community, for studying non-linear convective–diffusive partial differential equations partly due to the tremendous improvement in computational capacity. Burgers’ equation whose exact solution is well known, is one of the famous non-linear partial differential equations which is suitable for the analysis of various important areas. A brief historical review of not only the mathematical, but also the physical significance of the solution of Burgers’ equation is presented, emphasising current research strategies, and the challenges that remain regarding the accuracy, stability and convergence of various schemes are discussed. One of the objectives of this paper is to discuss the recent developments in mathematical modelling of Burgers’ equation and thus open doors for improvement. No claim is made that the content of the paper is new. However, it is a sincere effort to outline the physical and mathematical importance of Burgers’ equation in the most simplified ways. We throw some light on the plethora of challenges which need to be overcome in the research areas and give motivation for the next breakthrough to take place in a numerical simulation of ordinary / partial differential equations.
Prakash BM, Awasthi A, Jayaraj S, 2015, A Numerical Simulation Based on Modified Keller Box Scheme for Fluid Flow: The Unsteady Viscous Burgers’ Equation, New Delhi, Publisher: Springer India, Pages: 565-575
In this paper the numerical solution of unsteady viscous Burgers’ equation is presented. A combination of Modified Keller Box difference scheme and Hopf-Cole transformation is proposed to solve the Burgers’ equation. The proposed scheme is an implicit scheme with second-order accuracy in space and time. Two test problems are considered to validate the proposed algorithm. Numerical results which are calculated for various values of kinematic viscosity and time steps are matching with the exact solution. It is also observed that, the proposed method yields satisfactory results for all the cases considered.
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