Publications
635 results found
Bond T, Richmond R, Karhunen V, et al., 2022, Exploring the causal effect of maternal pregnancy adiposity on offspring adiposity: Mendelian randomization using polygenic risk scores, BMC Medicine, Vol: 20, ISSN: 1741-7015
BackgroundGreater maternal adiposity before or during pregnancy is associated with greater offspring adiposity throughout childhood, but the extent to which this is due to causal intrauterine or periconceptional mechanisms remains unclear. Here we use Mendelian Randomization (MR) with polygenic risk scores (PRS) to investigate whether associations between maternal pre-/early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and offspring adiposity from birth to adolescence are causal.MethodsWe undertook confounder adjusted multivariable (MV) regression and MR using mother-offspring pairs from two UK cohorts: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and Born in Bradford (BiB). In ALSPAC and BiB the outcomes were birthweight (BW; N = 9339) and BMI at age 1 and 4 years (N = 8659 to 7575). In ALSPAC only we investigated BMI at 10 and 15 years (N = 4476 to 4112) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) determined fat mass index (FMI) from age 10–18 years (N = 2659 to 3855). We compared MR results from several PRS, calculated from maternal non-transmitted alleles at between 29 and 80,939 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).ResultsMV and MR consistently showed a positive association between maternal BMI and BW, supporting a moderate causal effect. For adiposity at most older ages, although MV estimates indicated a strong positive association, MR estimates did not support a causal effect. For the PRS with few SNPs, MR estimates were statistically consistent with the null, but had wide confidence intervals so were often also statistically consistent with the MV estimates. In contrast, the largest PRS yielded MR estimates with narrower confidence intervals, providing strong evidence that the true causal effect on adolescent adiposity is smaller than the MV estimates (Pdifference = 0.001 for 15 year BMI). This suggests that the MV estimates are affected by residual confounding, therefore do not provide an accurate indication of the causal effect size.ConclusionsOur re
Dashti SG, Simpson JA, Viallon V, et al., 2022, Adiposity and breast, endometrial, and colorectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women: Quantification of the mediating effects of leptin, C-reactive protein, fasting insulin, and estradiol, CANCER MEDICINE, Vol: 11, Pages: 1145-1159, ISSN: 2045-7634
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- Citations: 10
Zouiouich S, Mariadassou M, Rue O, et al., 2022, Comparison of Fecal Sample Collection Methods for Microbial Analysis Embedded within Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs, CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION, Vol: 31, Pages: 305-314, ISSN: 1055-9965
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- Citations: 7
Harbs J, Rinaldi S, Gicquiau A, et al., 2022, Circulating sex hormone levels and colon cancer risk in men: a nested case-control study and meta-analysis, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, Vol: 31, Pages: 793-803, ISSN: 1055-9965
BACKGROUND: Endogenous sex hormones may contribute to higher colorectal cancer incidence rates in men compared to women, but despite an increased number of studies, clear evidence is lacking. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive nested case-control study of circulating concentrations of sex hormones, sex hormone precursors and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in relation to subsequent colon cancer risk in European men. Concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in prospectively collected plasma samples from 690 cases and 690 matched controls from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS) cohorts. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In addition, we conducted a meta-analysis of previous studies on men. RESULTS: Circulating levels of testosterone (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.51-0.89) and SHBG (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62-0.96) were inversely associated with colon cancer risk. For free testosterone, there was a nonsignificant inverse association (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.58-1.18). In a dose-response meta-analysis of endogenous sex hormone levels, inverse associations with colorectal/colon cancer risk were found for testosterone (RR per 100 ng/dL = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96-1.00, I2 = 22%) and free testosterone (RR per 10 ng/mL = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.95-1.00, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide suggestive evidence for the association between testosterone, SHBG and male colon cancer development. IMPACT: Additional support for the involvement of sex hormones in male colon cancer.
Martin S, Tyrrell J, Thomas EL, et al., 2022, Disease consequences of higher adiposity uncoupled from its adverse metabolic effects using Mendelian randomisation, ELIFE, Vol: 11, ISSN: 2050-084X
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- Citations: 12
Tsilidis K, 2022, Circulating inflammatory cytokines and risk of five cancers: a mendelian randomization analysis, BMC Medicine, Vol: 20, ISSN: 1741-7015
Background: Epidemiological and experimental evidence has linked chronic inflammation to cancer etiology. It is unclear whether associations for specific inflammatory biomarkers are causal or due to bias. In order to examine whether altered genetically-predicted concentration of circulating cytokines are associated with cancer development, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Methods: Up to 31,112 individuals of European descent were included in genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses of 47 circulating cytokines. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) robustly associated with the cytokines, located in or close to their coding gene (cis), were used as instrumental variables. Inverse-variance weighted MR was used as the primary analysis, and the MR assumptions were evaluated in sensitivity and colocalization analyses and a false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons was applied. Corresponding germline GWAS summary data for five cancer outcomes (breast, endometrial, lung, ovarian and prostate) and their subtypes were selected from the largest cancer-specific GWASs available (cases ranging from 12 906 for endometrial to 133 384 for breast cancer). Results: There was evidence of inverse associations of macrophage migration inhibitory factor with breast cancer (OR per SD = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.83 to 0.94), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist with endometrial cancer (0.86, 0.80 to 0.93), interleukin-18 with lung cancer (0.87, 0.81 to 0.93), and beta-chemokine-RANTES with ovarian cancer (0.70, 0.57 to 0.85); and positive associations of monokine induced by gamma interferon with endometrial cancer (3.73, 1.86 to 7.47) and cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine with lung cancer (1.51, 1.22 to 1.87). These associations were similar in sensitivity analyses and supported in colocalization analyses. Conclusions: Our study adds to current knowledge on the role of specific inflammatory biomarker pathways in cancer etiology. Further va
Labadie JD, Savas S, Harrison TA, et al., 2022, Genome-wide association study identifies tumor anatomical site-specific risk variants for colorectal cancer survival, SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, Vol: 12, ISSN: 2045-2322
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- Citations: 5
El Asri A, Ouldim K, Bouguenouch L, et al., 2022, Dietary Fat Intake and <i>KRAS</i> Mutations in Colorectal Cancer in a Moroccan Population, NUTRIENTS, Vol: 14
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- Citations: 4
Iguacel I, Perez-Cornago A, Schmidt JA, et al., 2021, Evaluation of protein and amino acid intake estimates from the EPIC dietary questionnaires and 24-h dietary recalls using different food composition databases, Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Vol: 32, Pages: 80-89, ISSN: 0939-4753
Background and aimsThis study aimed to expand the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) nutrient database (ENDB) by adding amino acid (AA) values, using the U.S. nutrient database (USNDB). Additionally, we aimed to evaluate these new protein and AA intake estimates from the EPIC dietary questionnaires (DQ) and 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) using different matching procedures.Methods and resultsDietary energy, protein and AA intakes were assessed via DQ and 24-HDR by matching with the USNDB food composition table. Energy and protein intakes calculated using USNDB matching were compared with those calculated using ENDB, that uses country specific food composition tables. Pearson correlations, Cohen's weighted kappa statistic and Bland–Altman plots were used to compare data resulting from USNDB matching with our reference from ENDB matching.Very high correlations were found when comparing daily energy (r = 0.99) and dietary protein intakes (r = 0.97) assessed via USNDB with those obtained via ENDB (matching for DQ and 24-HDR). Significant positive correlations were also found with energy and protein intakes acquired via 24-HDRs in the EPIC calibration sample.ConclusionVery high correlations between total energy and protein intake obtained via the USDA matching and those available in ENDB suggest accuracy in the food matching. Individual AA have been included in the extended EPIC Nutrient database that will allow important analyses on AA disease prospective associations in the EPIC study.
Ellingjord-Dale M, Christakoudi S, Weiderpass E, et al., 2021, Long-term weight change and risk of breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol: 50, Pages: 1914-1926, ISSN: 0300-5771
BACKGROUND: The role of obesity and weight change in breast-cancer development is complex and incompletely understood. We investigated long-term weight change and breast-cancer risk by body mass index (BMI) at age 20 years, menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and hormone-receptor status. METHODS: Using data on weight collected at three different time points from women who participated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, we investigated the association between weight change from age 20 years until middle adulthood and risk of breast cancer. RESULTS: In total, 150 257 women with a median age of 51 years at cohort entry were followed for an average of 14 years (standard deviation = 3.9) during which 6532 breast-cancer cases occurred. Compared with women with stable weight (±2.5 kg), long-term weight gain >10 kg was positively associated with postmenopausal breast-cancer risk in women who were lean at age 20 [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.42; 95% confidence interval 1.22-1.65] in ever HRT users (HR = 1.23; 1.04-1.44), in never HRT users (HR = 1.40; 1.16-1.68) and in oestrogen-and-progesterone-receptor-positive (ER+PR+) breast cancer (HR = 1.46; 1.15-1.85). CONCLUSION: Long-term weight gain was positively associated with postmenopausal breast cancer in women who were lean at age 20, both in HRT ever users and non-users, and hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer.
Mori N, Keski-Rahkonen P, Gicquiau A, et al., 2021, Endogenous circulating sex hormone concentrations and colon cancer risk in postmenopausal women: a prospective study and meta-analysis, JNCI Cancer Spectrum, Vol: 5, Pages: 1-10, ISSN: 2515-5091
BackgroundObservational studies have consistently reported that postmenopausal hormone therapy use is associated with lower colon cancer risk. However, epidemiological studies examining the associations between circulating concentrations of endogenous estrogens and colorectal cancer have reported inconsistent results.MethodsWe investigated the associations between circulating concentrations of estrone, estradiol, free estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), progesterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with colon cancer risk in a nested case–control study of 1,028 postmenopausal European women (512 colon cancer cases, 516 matched controls) who were non-current users of exogenous hormones at blood collection. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the association between circulating sex hormones and colon cancer risk. We also conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies of circulating estrone and estradiol with colorectal, colon, and rectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women. All statistical tests were 2-sided.ResultsIn the multivariable model, a non-statistically significant positive relationship was found between circulating estrone and colon cancer risk (OR per log2-1 unit increment = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.00–1.38; ORquartile4-quartile1 = 1.33, 95%CI = 0.89–1.97, Ptrend = 0.20). Circulating concentrations of estradiol, free estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA, progesterone, and SHBG were not associated with colon cancer risk. In the dose-response meta-analysis, no clear evidence of associations were found between circulating estradiol, and estrone concentrations with colorectal, colon, and rectal cancer risk.ConclusionOur observational and meta-analysis results do not support an association between circulating concentrations of endogenous sex horm
His M, Viallon V, Dossus L, et al., 2021, Lifestyle correlates of eight breast cancer-related metabolites: a cross-sectional study within the EPIC cohort, BMC Medicine, Vol: 19, Pages: 1-15, ISSN: 1741-7015
BackgroundMetabolomics is a promising molecular tool for identifying novel etiological pathways leading to cancer. In an earlier prospective study among pre- and postmenopausal women not using exogenous hormones, we observed a higher risk of breast cancer associated with higher blood concentrations of one metabolite (acetylcarnitine) and a lower risk associated with higher blood concentrations of seven others (arginine, asparagine, phosphatidylcholines (PCs) aa C36:3, ae C34:2, ae C36:2, ae C36:3, and ae C38:2).MethodsTo identify determinants of these breast cancer-related metabolites, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis to identify their lifestyle and anthropometric correlates in 2358 women, who were previously included as controls in case-control studies nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort and not using exogenous hormones at blood collection. Associations of each metabolite concentration with 42 variables were assessed using linear regression models in a discovery set of 1572 participants. Significant associations were evaluated in a validation set (n = 786).ResultsFor the metabolites previously associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, concentrations of PCs ae C34:2, C36:2, C36:3, and C38:2 were negatively associated with adiposity and positively associated with total and saturated fat intakes. PC ae C36:2 was also negatively associated with alcohol consumption and positively associated with two scores reflecting adherence to a healthy lifestyle. Asparagine concentration was negatively associated with adiposity. Arginine and PC aa C36:3 concentrations were not associated to any of the factors examined. For the metabolite previously associated with a higher risk of breast cancer, acetylcarnitine, a positive association with age was observed.ConclusionsThese associations may indicate possible mechanisms underlying associations between lifestyle and anthropometric factors, and risk of breast cancer. Further
Murphy N, Campbell PT, Gunter MJ, 2021, Are sugar-sweetened beverages contributing to the rising occurrence of colorectal cancer in young adults?, GUT, Vol: 70, Pages: 2222-2223, ISSN: 0017-5749
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- Citations: 4
Charvat H, Freisling H, Noh H, et al., 2021, Excess body fatness during early to mid-adulthood and survival from colorectal and breast cancer: a pooled analysis of five international cohort studies, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, Vol: 31, Pages: 325-333, ISSN: 1055-9965
BACKGROUND: Here, we explore the association between excess weight during early to mid-adulthood and survival in patients diagnosed with breast and colorectal cancer, using a pooled analysis of five cohort studies and study participants from 11 countries. METHODS: Participant-level body mass index (BMI) trajectories were estimated by fitting a growth curve model using over 2 million repeated BMI measurements from close to 600,000 cohort participants. Cumulative measures of excess weight were derived. Data from over 23,000 patients with breast and colorectal cancer were subsequently analyzed using time-to-event models for death with the date of diagnosis as start of follow-up. Study-specific results were combined through a random effect meta-analysis. RESULTS: We found a significant dose-response relationship (P trend = 0.013) between the average BMI during early and mid-adulthood and death from breast cancer, with a pooled HR of 1.31 (1.07-1.60) and the time to death shortened by 16% for average BMI above 25 kg/m2 compared with average BMI less than or equal to 22.5 kg/m2, respectively. Similar results were found for categories of cumulative time spent with excess weight. There was no association between excess body fatness during early to mid-adulthood and death in patients with colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Excess body fatness during early to mid-adulthood is associated not only with an increased risk of developing cancer, but also with a lower survival in patients with breast cancer. IMPACT: Our results emphasize the importance of public health policies aimed at reducing overweight during adulthood and inform future studies on the relationship between excess weight and cancer outcomes.
Papadimitriou N, Gunter MJ, Murphy N, et al., 2021, Circulating tryptophan metabolites and risk of colon cancer: Results from case-control and prospective cohort studies, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Vol: 149, Pages: 1659-1669, ISSN: 0020-7136
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- Citations: 15
Loftfield E, Stepien M, Viallon V, et al., 2021, Novel Biomarkers of Habitual Alcohol Intake and Associations With Risk of Pancreatic and Liver Cancers and Liver Disease Mortality, JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE, Vol: 113, Pages: 1542-1550, ISSN: 0027-8874
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- Citations: 13
Nounu A, Richmond RC, Stewart ID, et al., 2021, Salicylic Acid and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study, NUTRIENTS, Vol: 13
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- Citations: 2
Huybrechts I, Kliemann N, Perol O, et al., 2021, Feasibility Study to Assess the Impact of a Lifestyle Intervention during Colorectal Cancer Screening in France, NUTRIENTS, Vol: 13
Laine J, Huybrechts I, Gunter M, et al., 2021, Co-benefits from sustainable dietary shifts for population and environmental health: an assessment from a large European cohort study, The Lancet Planetary Health, Vol: 5, Pages: e786-e796, ISSN: 2542-5196
Background: Unhealthy diets, the rise of non-communicable diseases, and the declining health of the planet are highly intertwined, where food production and consumption are major drivers of increases in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, substantial land use, (LU) and adverse health outcomes such as cancer and mortality. Methods: In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a multi-centre prospective cohort study (n=443,991), we estimated associations between dietary contributions to GHG emissions and LU and all-cause and cause-specific mortality and incident cancers using Cox proportional-hazard regression models. Co-benefits, encompassing the potential effects of alternative diets on all-cause mortality and cancer and potential reduction in GHG emissions and LU, were estimated using counterfactual attributable fraction (AF) intervention models, simulating potential effects from dietary shifts based on the EAT-Lancet reference diet. Findings: There was an association between levels of dietary-based GHG emissions and LU and all-cause mortality, with a Hazard Ratio and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of 1.13 (1.10, 1.16) and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.21), respectively, comparing the fourth quartile to the first (HRQ4 vs Q1). Similar associations were observed for cause-specific mortality. There were also associations between overall cancer rates and GHG emissions (HRQ4 vs Q1: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.14) and LU (HRQ4 vs Q1: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.15); however, estimates differed by cancer type. Through counterfactual AF modelling of shifts in diets, we find that between 19 to 63% of deaths and 10 to 39% of cancers could be prevented, over a 20-year risk period, from adhering to different scores of the EAT-Lancet reference diet. Additionally, switching from a lower score of the EAT-Lancet reference diet to a higher score could reduce food-associated GHG and LU levels by 50% and 62%, respectively.Interpretation: Our results support shifts in diets that
Mullee A, Dimou N, Allen N, et al., 2021, Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and endometrial cancer risk: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses, BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER, Vol: 125, Pages: 1308-1317, ISSN: 0007-0920
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- Citations: 12
Rothwell JA, Jenab M, Karimi M, et al., 2021, Metabolic syndrome and risk of gastrointestinal cancers: an investigation using large-scale molecular data, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol: 20, ISSN: 1542-3565
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gastrointestinal cancer risk is influenced by the presence of metabolic syndrome [MetS]. However, previous epidemiological studies lacked full serological biomarker data for the classification of MetS and the interaction of MetS with germline cancer risk variants is unknown. METHODS: We investigated the associations between MetS and gastrointestinal cancer risk (overall, colorectal, pancreatic, esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, stomach cardia, stomach non-cardia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and intrahepatic bile duct cancer) in 366,016 UK Biobank participants with comprehensive serum biomarker and genotype data. MetS status was determined by three different definitions at baseline and, in 15,152 participants, at a repeat assessment after a median of 4.3 years of follow-up. Multivariable hazard ratios [HR] and 95% confidence intervals [CI] for cancer outcomes were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Analyses stratified by polygenic risk score [PRS] were conducted for colorectal and pancreatic cancers. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 7.1 years, 4,238 incident cases of a gastrointestinal cancer occurred. MetS at baseline was associated with higher risk of overall gastrointestinal cancer by any definition (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13-1.29, harmonized definition). MetS was associated with increased risks of colorectal cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer in women, and esophageal adenocarcinoma in men. Associations for colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer did not differ by PRS strata (P-heterogeneity 0.70 and 0.69, respectively), and 80% of participants with MetS at baseline retained this status at the repeat assessment. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of maintaining good metabolic health in reducing the burden of gastrointestinal cancers, irrespective of genetic predisposition.
Hanley-Cook GT, Huybrechts I, Biessy C, et al., 2021, Food biodiversity and total and cause-specific mortality in 9 European countries: An analysis of a prospective cohort study, PLoS Medicine, Vol: 18, ISSN: 1549-1277
BackgroundFood biodiversity, encompassing the variety of plants, animals, and other organisms consumed as food and drink, has intrinsic potential to underpin diverse, nutritious diets and improve Earth system resilience. Dietary species richness (DSR), which is recommended as a crosscutting measure of food biodiversity, has been positively associated with the micronutrient adequacy of diets in women and young children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the relationships between DSR and major health outcomes have yet to be assessed in any population.Methods and findingsWe examined the associations between DSR and subsequent total and cause-specific mortality among 451,390 adults enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study (1992 to 2014, median follow-up: 17 years), free of cancer, diabetes, heart attack, or stroke at baseline. Usual dietary intakes were assessed at recruitment with country-specific dietary questionnaires (DQs). DSR of an individual’s yearly diet was calculated based on the absolute number of unique biological species in each (composite) food and drink. Associations were assessed by fitting multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. In the EPIC cohort, 2 crops (common wheat and potato) and 2 animal species (cow and pig) accounted for approximately 45% of self-reported total dietary energy intake [median (P10–P90): 68 (40 to 83) species consumed per year]. Overall, higher DSR was inversely associated with all-cause mortality rate. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing total mortality in the second, third, fourth, and fifth (highest) quintiles (Qs) of DSR to the first (lowest) Q indicate significant inverse associations, after stratification by sex, age, and study center and adjustment for smoking status, educational level, marital status, physical activity, alcohol intake, and total energy intake, Mediterranean diet score, red
Guida F, Tan VY, Corbin LJ, et al., 2021, The blood metabolome of incident kidney cancer: A case-control study nested within the MetKid consortium, PLoS Medicine, Vol: 18, ISSN: 1549-1277
BACKGROUND: Excess bodyweight and related metabolic perturbations have been implicated in kidney cancer aetiology, but the specific molecular mechanisms underlying these relationships are poorly understood. In this study, we sought to identify circulating metabolites that predispose kidney cancer and to evaluate the extent to which they are influenced by body mass index (BMI). METHODS AND FINDINGS: We assessed the association between circulating levels of 1,416 metabolites and incident kidney cancer using pre-diagnostic blood samples from up to 1,305 kidney cancer case-control pairs from 5 prospective cohort studies. Cases were diagnosed on average 8 years after blood collection. We found 25 metabolites robustly associated with kidney cancer risk. In particular, 14 glycerophospholipids (GPLs) were inversely associated with risk, including 8 phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and 2 plasmalogens. The PC with the strongest association was PC ae C34:3 with an odds ratio (OR) for 1 standard deviation (SD) increment of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68 to 0.83, p = 2.6 × 10-8). In contrast, 4 amino acids, including glutamate (OR for 1 SD = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.60, p = 1.6 × 10-5), were positively associated with risk. Adjusting for BMI partly attenuated the risk association for some-but not all-metabolites, whereas other known risk factors of kidney cancer, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, had minimal impact on the observed associations. A mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis of the influence of BMI on the blood metabolome highlighted that some metabolites associated with kidney cancer risk are influenced by BMI. Specifically, elevated BMI appeared to decrease levels of several GPLs that were also found inversely associated with kidney cancer risk (e.g., -0.17 SD change [ßBMI] in 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-linoleoyl-GPC (P-16:0/18:2) levels per SD change in BMI, p = 3.4 × 10-5). BMI was also associated with increased levels of glutamate (&sz
Aglago EK, Mayén A-L, Knaze V, et al., 2021, Dietary advanced glycation end-products and colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, Nutrients, Vol: 13, Pages: 1-13, ISSN: 2072-6643
Dietary advanced glycation end-products (dAGEs) have been hypothesized to be associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) by promoting inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and oxidative stress in the colonic epithelium. However, evidence from prospective cohort studies is scarce and inconclusive. We evaluated CRC risk associated with the intake of dAGEs in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Dietary intakes of three major dAGEs: Nε-carboxy-methyllysine (CML), Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL), and Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) were estimated in 450,111 participants (median follow-up = 13 years, with 6162 CRC cases) by matching to a detailed published European food composition database. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of dAGEs with CRC were computed using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. Inverse CRC risk associations were observed for CML (HR comparing extreme quintiles: HRQ5vs.Q1 = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85–1.00) and MG-H1 (HRQ5vs.Q1 = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85–1.00), but not for CEL (HRQ5vs.Q1 = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.89–1.05). The associations did not differ by sex or anatomical location of the tumor. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, our findings suggest an inverse association between dAGEs and CRC risk. More research is required to verify these findings and better differentiate the role of dAGEs from that of endogenously produced AGEs and their precursor compounds in CRC development.
Viallon V, His M, Rinaldi S, et al., 2021, A New Pipeline for the Normalization and Pooling of Metabolomics Data, METABOLITES, Vol: 11
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- Citations: 11
Harlid S, Gunter MJ, Van Guelpen B, 2021, Risk-Predictive and Diagnostic Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer; a Systematic Review of Studies Using Pre-Diagnostic Blood Samples Collected in Prospective Cohorts and Screening Settings, CANCERS, Vol: 13
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- Citations: 11
Aleksandrova K, Reichmann R, Jenab M, et al., 2021, Colorectal cancer risk prediction models incorporating lifestyle and biomarker data: Results from the EPIC cohort, World Congress of Epidemiology of the International-Epidemiological-Association (IEA), Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, ISSN: 0300-5771
Jayasekara H, MacInnis R, Yang Y, et al., 2021, Lifetime alcohol intake and stomach cancer risk: a pooled analysis of two prospective cohort studies, Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, Pages: 114-114, ISSN: 0300-5771
Cordova R, Kliemann N, Huybrechts I, et al., 2021, Consumption of ultra-processed foods associated with weight gain and obesity in adults: A multi-national cohort study, Clinical Nutrition, Vol: 40, Pages: 5079-5088, ISSN: 0261-5614
BackgroundThere is a worldwide shift towards increased consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) with concurrent rising prevalence of obesity. We examined the relationship between the consumption of UPF and weight gain and risk of obesity.MethodsThis prospective cohort included 348 748 men and women aged 25–70 years. Participants were recruited between 1992 and 2000 from 9 European countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Two body weight measures were available, at baseline and after a median follow-up time of 5 years. Foods and drinks were assessed at baseline by dietary questionnaires and classified according to their degree of processing using NOVA classification. Multilevel mixed linear regression was used to estimate the association between UPF consumption and body weight change (kg/5 years). To estimate the relative risk of becoming overweight or obese after 5 years we used Poisson regression stratified according to baseline body mass index (BMI).ResultsAfter multivariable adjustment, higher UPF consumption (per 1 SD increment) was positively associated with weight gain (0·12 kg/5 years, 95% CI 0·09 to 0·15). Comparing highest vs. lowest quintile of UPF consumption was associated with a 15% greater risk (95% CI 1·11, 1·19) of becoming overweight or obese in normal weight participants, and with a 16% greater risk (95% CI 1·09, 1·23) of becoming obese in participants who were overweight at baseline.ConclusionsThese results are supportive of public health campaigns to substitute UPF for less processed alternatives for obesity prevention and weight management.
Cairat M, Al Rahmoun M, Gunter MJ, et al., 2021, Use of systemic glucocorticoids and risk of breast cancer in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women, BMC MEDICINE, Vol: 19, ISSN: 1741-7015
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- Citations: 4
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