Publications
271 results found
Hamelin FM, Allen LJS, Prendeville HR, et al., 2016, The evolution of plant virus transmission pathways, Journal of Theoretical Biology, Vol: 396, Pages: 75-89, ISSN: 1095-8541
The evolution of plant virus transmission pathways is studied through transmission via seed, pollen, or a vector. We address the questions: under what circumstances does vector transmission make pollen transmission redundant? Can evolution lead to the coexistence of multiple virus transmission pathways? We restrict the analysis to an annual plant population in which reproduction through seed is obligatory. A semi-discrete model with pollen, seed, and vector transmission is formulated to investigate these questions. We assume vector and pollen transmission rates are frequency-dependent and density-dependent, respectively. An ecological stability analysis is performed for the semi-discrete model and used to inform an evolutionary study of trade-offs between pollen and seed versus vector transmission. Evolutionary dynamics critically depend on the shape of the trade-off functions. Assuming a trade-off between pollen and vector transmission, evolution either leads to an evolutionarily stable mix of pollen and vector transmission (concave trade-off) or there is evolutionary bi-stability (convex trade-off); the presence of pollen transmission may prevent evolution of vector transmission. Considering a trade-off between seed and vector transmission, evolutionary branching and the subsequent coexistence of pollen-borne and vector-borne strains is possible. This study contributes to the theory behind the diversity of plant–virus transmission patterns observed in nature.
Pautasso M, Jeger MJ, 2016, How long does it take to deliver a peer review report? A decade of data from the European Journal of Plant Pathology, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, Vol: 144, Pages: 231-233, ISSN: 0929-1873
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- Citations: 2
Kiss L, Holb IJ, Rossi V, et al., 2015, Foreword: Special issue on fungal grapevine diseases, European Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol: 144, Pages: 693-694, ISSN: 1573-8469
Brown N, Jeger M, Kirk S, et al., 2015, Spatial and temporal patterns in symptom expression within eight woodlands affected by Acute Oak Decline, Forest Ecology and Management, Vol: 360, Pages: 97-109, ISSN: 0378-1127
Acute Oak Decline (AOD) is a newly defined condition in the UK that forms a distinct component within the wider oak decline complex. It can be identified by distinctive stem symptoms, dark liquid seeping out between the bark plates from areas of necrosis in the cambial tissue, which are found in conjunction with signs of the two spotted oak buprestid Agrilus biguttatus. Novel bacterial species have been isolated from the inner bark necrosis, but little is known regarding the spatial and temporal patterns of AOD symptoms expression. This study presents the results from eight plots across southern and central England monitored for three to four years between 2009 and 2012. These data give a first description of the epidemiology of AOD. Findings suggest affected trees occur in localised clusters rather than at random through the plots, pointing to biotic rather than wider scale environmental effects such as drought. In addition, contagion (spread of symptoms between neighbouring trees) was demonstrated. Previously, mortality was described as occurring soon after infection; current data suggests this is longer than two years. 23.5% of oak with both stem bleeds and exit holes in 2009 died during the monitoring period. Exit holes were observed on hosts for the first time in the final years before death linking them to the later stages of decline. Finally, a large proportion of lightly infected individuals have been shown to form callus over the previous year’s stem symptoms and enter remission. This finding suggests host resistance may provide some scope for management of AOD.
Jeger MJ, Xu X-M, 2015, Modelling the dynamics of a plant pathogen and a biological control agent in relation to flowering pattern and populations present on leaves, Ecological Modelling, Vol: 313, Pages: 13-28, ISSN: 0304-3800
A flexible model for biological control of a plant pathogen affecting host flowers is developed which takes into account the transfer of both the plant pathogen and the biological control agent (BCA) from the leaves to flowers. Because flowers, other than in ornamental plants, are largely ephemeral, the emphasis in analysis is on the rates of transfer and establishment on flowers. The form of the model analysed depends upon: the pattern of flowering for a particular host plant, a single instantaneous flush or continuous seasonal production; the effect of flowering phenology and morphology on transfer of both the pathogen and BCA; and the transient dynamics of such transfer. In the case of a single instantaneous flush, the relative importance of mycoparasitism and competition in protecting flowers during their short period of blooming is assessed. Where flowering is continuous but transfer lags behind because of floral phenology or morphology, a comparison is made between the initial levels of the pathogen and the BCA as they transfer to the flowers, depending again on the relative contribution of mycoparasitism and competition over the extended period of blooming. Differential rates of transfer of the pathogen and the BCA, depending on their time-dependent population densities on leaves, have a major impact on eventual biocontrol outcomes. The model results are used to analyse biocontrol strategies for contrasting host-pathogen systems which show different flowering patterns and biological control mechanisms. For Erwinia amylovora causing fireblight in pome fruit trees, an inundative biocontrol strategy targeting flowers is supported. In Botrytis cinerea, there is considerable potential for a strategy based on the establishment of BCAs on leaves for some of the plant hosts affected.
Baker R, Bragard C, Caffier D, et al., 2015, Risk to plant health in the EU territory of the intentional release of the bud- galling wasp <i>Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae</i> for the control of the invasive alien plant <i>Acacia longifolia</i>, EFSA JOURNAL, Vol: 13
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- Citations: 7
Jeger MJ, van den Bosch F, McRoberts N, 2015, Modelling transmission characteristics and epidemic development of the tospovirus-thrip interaction, ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS, Vol: 9, Pages: 107-120, ISSN: 1872-8855
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- Citations: 9
Jeger MJ, Stancanelli G, Pautasso M, 2015, Network epidemiology and plant trade, Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol: 97, ISSN: 1125-4653
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- Citations: 1
Brown N, Inward DJG, Jeger M, et al., 2014, A review of Agrilus biguttatus in UK forests and its relationship with acute oak decline, Forestry, Vol: 88, Pages: 53-63, ISSN: 0015-752X
Agrilus biguttatus Fab. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a European bark-boring beetle whose larvae feed in the vascular tissue of oak trees. Until recently, it was considered rare in Britain, but sightings have become more frequent and it is often found on weakened trees suffering from Acute Oak Decline (AOD). This rapidly acting syndrome is characterized by patches of dark sticky fluid exuding from cracks on the trunk, with areas of necrotic tissue beneath, probably caused by a pathogenic bacterial component. However, the frequent association of AOD with the larval galleries and distinctive adult exit holes of A. biguttatus has raised concerns that the beetle may be contributing to the AOD syndrome or hastening the mortality of affected trees. This review evaluates the potential role of A. biguttatus in the AOD complex. Information on the beetle's life cycle and ecology is assessed along with the apparent increase in its abundance and distribution in the UK, and likely mechanisms of host selection. Oak tree defences against the beetle are discussed, as well as risk factors influencing susceptibility. Research on related Agrilus species is reviewed so that insights into the relationship between the beetle, the bacteria and the host tree can be made through comparisons with more extensively studied species. Possible management options in an AOD context are considered, and priority areas for future research are identified.
Denman S, Brown N, Kirk S, et al., 2014, A description of the symptoms of Acute Oak Decline in Britain and a comparative review on causes of similar disorders on oak in Europe, FORESTRY, Vol: 87, Pages: 535-551, ISSN: 0015-752X
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- Citations: 85
Sharp JM, Edwards GR, Jeger MJ, 2014, A spatially explicit population model of the effect of spatial scale of heterogeneity in grass-clover grazing systems, JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE, Vol: 152, Pages: 394-407, ISSN: 0021-8596
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- Citations: 5
Jeger MJ, Salama NKG, Shaw MW, et al., 2014, Effects of plant pathogens on population dynamics and community composition in grassland ecosystems: two case studies, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, Vol: 138, Pages: 513-527, ISSN: 0929-1873
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- Citations: 16
Lebeda A, Burdon JJ, Thrall P, et al., 2014, Foreword "Wild Plant Pathosystems", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, Vol: 138, Pages: 415-415, ISSN: 0929-1873
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- Citations: 1
Pautasso M, Jeger MJ, 2014, Network epidemiology and plant trade networks, AoB Plants, Vol: 6, ISSN: 2041-2851
Models of epidemics in complex networks are improving our predictive understanding of infectious dis-ease outbreaks. Nonetheless, applying network theory to plant pathology is still a challenge. This overview sum-marizes some key developments in network epidemiologythat are likely to facilitate its application in the studyand management of plant diseases. Recent surveys have provided much-needed datasets on contact patterns andhuman mobility in social networks, but plant trade networks are still understudied. Human (and plant) mobility levelsacross the planet are unprecedented—there is thus much potential in the use of network theory by plant health au-thorities and researchers. Given the directed and hierarchical nature of plant trade networks, there is a need for plantepidemiologists to further develop models based on undirected and homogeneous networks. More realistic plant healthscenarios would also be obtained by developing epidemic models in dynamic, rather than static, networks. For plantdiseases spread by the horticultural and ornamental trade, there is the challenge of developing spatio-temporal epi-demic simulations integrating network data. The use of network theory in plant epidemiology is a promising avenue andcould contribute to anticipating and preventing plant health emergencies such as European ash dieback.
Rossi V, Candresse T, Jeger MJ, et al., 2014, Diagnosis of plant pathogens and implications for plant quarantine: A risk assessment perspective, Detection and Diagnostics of Plant Pathogens, Pages: 167-193, ISBN: 9789401790192
The Scientific Panel on Plant Health (PLH) of the European Food Safety Authority was established in 2006 as the reference EU body for risk assessment in the plant health area in the frame of phytosanitary measures to prevent the introduction and further spread of organisms harmful (pests) to plants or plants products. Proper diagnosis and detection are critical for the categorization and assessment of pests that are or may qualify as quarantine pests, and for appropriate application of phytosanitary measures. In carrying out its responsibilities, the PLH Panel is frequently faced by the changes in taxonomy and nomenclature: these may often lead to a re-evaluation of previous pest records, concerns with published literature, and in some cases with the increased use of molecular taxonomic and identification tools. Pathogens that were previously considered strains/varieties of a single species, in some cases have now been elevated to specific status. In other cases pathogens previously recognised as species complexes have now been partitioned into named species, using molecular criteria rather than traditional methods. The problems that can arise are illustrated in this Chapter by examples representative of the main pathogen taxa.
Termorshuizen AJ, Jeger MJ, 2014, Assessing Inoculum of Soilborne Plant Pathogens: Theory and Practice in Decision-Making for Soil Disinfestation, 8th International Symposium on Chemical and Non-Chemical Soil and Substrate Disinfestation, Publisher: INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, Pages: 75-80, ISSN: 0567-7572
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- Citations: 6
Pautasso M, Jeger MJ, 2014, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PLANT DISEASES: NEW SCENARIOS FOR THE FUTURE, INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASE DYNAMICS: WORKSHOP SUMMARY, Publisher: NATL ACADEMIES PRESS, Pages: 359-374
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- Citations: 2
Sharp JM, Edwards GR, Jeger MJ, 2013, Impact of spatial heterogeneity of plant species on herbage productivity, herbage quality and ewe and lamb performance of continuously stocked, perennial ryegrass-white clover swards, GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE, Vol: 68, Pages: 537-547, ISSN: 0142-5242
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- Citations: 2
Xu X-M, Jeger MJ, 2013, Theoretical Modeling Suggests that Synergy May Result from Combined Use of Two Biocontrol Agents for Controlling Foliar Pathogens Under Spatial Heterogeneous Conditions, PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Vol: 103, Pages: 768-775, ISSN: 0031-949X
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- Citations: 24
Tivoli B, Andrivon D, Baranger A, et al., 2013, Foreword: plant and canopy architecture impact on disease epidemiology and pest development, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, Vol: 135, Pages: 453-454, ISSN: 0929-1873
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- Citations: 2
Xu X-M, Jeger MJ, 2013, Combined Use of Two Biocontrol Agents with Different Biocontrol Mechanisms Most Likely Results in Less Than Expected Efficacy in Controlling Foliar Pathogens Under Fluctuating Conditions: A Modeling Study, PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Vol: 103, Pages: 108-116, ISSN: 0031-949X
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- Citations: 25
Jeger MJ, Stancanelli G, Ceglarska E, 2012, Plant health in the European Union: Emerging risks, challenges, and future perspectives, Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol: 94, ISSN: 1125-4653
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- Citations: 1
Pautasso M, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Ilbery B, et al., 2012, Plant health challenges for a sustainable land use and rural economy, CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, Vol: 7
Plant health is a key condition for a sustainable land use and rural economy. Drawing on a Rural Economy and Land Use (RELU)-funded project on the growing risk of plant diseases in the UK, current and future challenges to plant health are discussed. It is well recognized that farmers have an important role in shaping plant health policies at a time of major structural changes in agricultural industries. However, the role of consumers has also much potential to improve sustainability of plant disease management options. The phytosanitary legislation is catching up with the many recent developments in plant health, but needs to be integrated with policies aimed at achieving animal and human health. Interdisciplinary approaches in research on plant health, as well as an increasing involvement of stakeholders in the management of plant epidemics, are to be welcomed. Plant diseases also influence (and are influenced by) land use and environmental regulations in general. Climate change is likely to increase the frequency and magnitude of new plant disease outbreaks, particularly when combined with globalization of trade, intensification of land use and structural evolution of the agricultural sector. To tackle the many challenges to plant health, it is mandatory to ensure long-term funding for interdisciplinary plant health research and management. © CAB International 2012.
Sharp JM, Edwards GR, Jeger MJ, 2012, Impact of the spatial scale of grass-legume mixtures on sheep grazing behaviour, preference and intake, and subsequent effects on pasture, ANIMAL, Vol: 6, Pages: 1848-1856, ISSN: 1751-7311
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- Citations: 6
Jeger M, Schans J, Lövei GL, et al., 2012, Risk assessment in support of plant health, EFSA Journal, Vol: 10
With the establishment of the Plant Health Panel in 2006, EFSA became the body responsible for risk assessment in the plant health area for the European Union (EU). Since then more than 70 outputs have been produced dealing with the full range of organisms harmful to plant health across all crop types and plants in the environment. There has been an increasing trend towards producing scientific opinions which are full pest risk assessments for the whole EU territory. In its work, and as a contribution to the wider development of risk assessment methodology, the Panel has developed a series of guidance documents. These deal with the peer review of existing pest risk assessments, a framework for conducting risk assessments which harmonise standards set by the International Plant Protection Convention and the legislative requirements of the EU, and extension of this framework to include environmental risk assessment and the evaluation of risk reducing options. Quantitative approaches have become increasingly important during this time. The Panel has developed such methods in climatic mapping (in association with the Joint Research Councils), application of spatial spread models, re-evaluation of quantitative pathway analyses, and in statistical modelling of experimental data. A Plant Health Network has been established to facilitate interaction with EU Member States, especially in relation to data collection and co-ordination of risk assessment activities. At the current time a revision of the EU Plant Health Regime is being formulated. The legislative consequences of the revision will be of considerable significance for the work of the Plant Health Panel.
Salama NKG, Van den Bosch F, Edwards GR, et al., 2012, Population dynamics of a non-cultivated biennial plant <i>Tragopogon pratensis</i> infected by the autoecious demicyclic rust fungus <i>Puccinia hysterium</i>, FUNGAL ECOLOGY, Vol: 5, Pages: 530-542, ISSN: 1754-5048
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- Citations: 8
Pautasso M, Doering TF, Garbelotto M, et al., 2012, Impacts of climate change on plant diseases-opinions and trends, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, Vol: 133, Pages: 295-313, ISSN: 0929-1873
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- Citations: 169
Jeger M, da Clara MI, Phillips A, et al., 2012, Foreword: Integrated plant disease management, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, Vol: 133, Pages: 1-1, ISSN: 0929-1873
Jeger M, Chen Z, Cunningham E, et al., 2012, Population biology and epidemiology of plant virus epidemics: from tripartite to tritrophic interactions, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, Vol: 133, Pages: 3-23, ISSN: 0929-1873
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- Citations: 22
Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Harwood T, Jeger MJ, et al., 2012, SIS along a continuum (SIS<sub>c</sub>) epidemiological modelling and control of diseases on directed trade networks, MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES, Vol: 236, Pages: 44-52, ISSN: 0025-5564
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- Citations: 14
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