Publications
233 results found
Semertzidou A, Grout-Smith H, Kalliala I, et al., 2023, Diabetes and anti-diabetic interventions and the risk of gynaecological and obstetric morbidity: an umbrella review of the literature, BMC Medicine, Vol: 21, Pages: 1-15, ISSN: 1741-7015
BackgroundDiabetes has reached epidemic proportions in recent years with serious health ramifications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the strength and validity of associations between diabetes and anti-diabetic interventions and the risk of any type of gynaecological or obstetric conditions.MethodsDesign: Umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Data sources: PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, manual screening of references.Eligibility criteria: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational and interventional studies investigating the relationship between diabetes and anti-diabetic interventions with gynaecological or obstetric outcomes. Meta-analyses that did not include complete data from individual studies, such as relative risk, 95% confidence intervals, number of cases/controls, or total population were excluded.Data analysis: The evidence from meta-analyses of observational studies was graded as strong, highly suggestive, suggestive or weak according to criteria comprising the random effects estimate of meta-analyses and their largest study, the number of cases, 95% prediction intervals, I2 heterogeneity index between studies, excess significance bias, small study effect and sensitivity analysis using credibility ceilings. Interventional meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials were assessed separately based on the statistical significance of reported associations, the risk of bias and quality of evidence (GRADE) of included meta-analyses.ResultsA total of 117 meta-analyses of observational cohort studies and 200 meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials that evaluated 317 outcomes were included. Strong or highly suggestive evidence only supported a positive association between gestational diabetes and caesarean section, large for gestational age babies, major congenital malformations and heart defects and an inverse relationship between metformin use and ovarian cancer incidence. Only a fifth
Hughes KC, Herring TA, Song JN, et al., 2023, Cervical High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Burden and Standard of Care Treatment Effectiveness and Safety in the United States, 2008-2018: The EACH-WOMAN Project., J Low Genit Tract Dis, Vol: 27, Pages: 105-112
OBJECTIVE: Management of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), the immediate precursor of cervical cancer, consists largely of surgical treatment for women at higher risk for progression to cancer. The authors' objective was to describe the occurrence of cervical HSIL in the United States and various outcomes for women who received surgical treatment. METHODS: From a US commercial health insurer, a cohort of adult women with cervical HSIL diagnoses receiving surgical treatment within 3 months of diagnosis between January 2008 and September 2018 was identified. This cohort was followed for several outcomes, including cervical HSIL recurrence, human papillomavirus clearance, preterm birth, infection, and bleeding. RESULTS: The incidence rate of cervical HSIL declined from 2.34 (95% CI = 2.30-2.39) cases per 1,000 person-years in 2008 to 1.39 (95% CI = 1.35-1.43) cases per 1,000 person-years in 2014, remaining near that level through 2018. Among 65,527 women with cervical HSIL, 47,067 (72%) received surgical treatment within 3 months of diagnosis. Among the women receiving surgical treatment, cervical HSIL recurred in 6% of surgically treated women, whereas 45% of surgically treated women underwent subsequent virological testing that indicated human papillomavirus clearance. Preterm birth was observed in 5.9% by 5 years follow-up and bleeding and infection each at 2.2% by 7 days follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: From 2008 through 2018, the incidence of diagnosed cervical HSIL decreased for several years before stabilizing. Surgical treatment of HSIL may be beneficial in removing the precancerous lesion, but cervical HSIL may recur, and the surgery is associated with complications including preterm birth, infection, and bleeding.
Kesic V, Carcopino X, Preti M, et al., 2023, The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), the European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD), and the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) Consensus Statement on the Management of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia., J Low Genit Tract Dis, Vol: 27, Pages: 131-145
The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), the European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD), and the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) developed consensus statements on pre-invasive vulvar lesions in order to improve the quality of care for patients with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN). The management of VaIN varies according to the grade of the lesion: VaIN 1 (low grade vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL)) can be subjected to follow-up, while VaIN 2-3 (high-grade vaginal SIL) should be treated. Treatment needs individualization according to the patient's characteristics, disease extension and previous therapeutic procedures. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment and should be performed if invasion cannot be excluded. Total vaginectomy is used only in highly selected cases of extensive and persistent disease. Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser may be used as both an ablation method and an excisional one. Reported cure rates after laser excision and laser ablation are similar. Topical agents are useful for persistent, multifocal lesions or for patients who cannot undergo surgical treatment. Imiquimod was associated with the lowest recurrence rate, highest human papillomavirus (HPV) clearance, and can be considered the best topical approach. Trichloroacetic acid and 5-fluorouracil are historical options and should be discouraged. For VaIN after hysterectomy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3, laser vaporization and topical agents are not the best options, since they cannot reach epithelium buried in the vaginal scar. In these cases surgical options are preferable. Brachytherapy has a high overall success rate but due to late side effects should be reserved for poor surgical candidates, having multifocal disease, and with failed prior treatments. VaIN tends to recur and ensuring patient adherence to close follow-up visits is of the u
Kesic V, Carcopino X, Preti M, et al., 2023, The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), the European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD), and the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) consensus statement on the management of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER, ISSN: 1048-891X
Kamani MO, Kyrgiou M, Joura E, et al., 2023, ESGO Prevention Committee opinion: is a single dose of HPV vaccine good enough?, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER, ISSN: 1048-891X
Kechagias KS, Zafeiri M, Triantafyllidis KK, et al., 2023, Primary Melanoma of the Cervix Uteri: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Reported Cases, BIOLOGY-BASEL, Vol: 12
Giannos P, Kechagias K, Paraskevaidi M, et al., 2023, Female dynamics in authorship of scientific publications in the Public Library of Science: a 10-year bibliometric analysis of biomedical research, European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, Vol: 13, Pages: 228-237, ISSN: 2254-9625
Women are generally underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). As scientific production reflects scholarly impact and participation in the scientific process, the number of journal publications forms a pertinent measure of academic productivity. This study examined the prevalence and evolution of female representation in prominent author positions across multidisciplinary biomedical research. Publications from seven exemplar cross-specialty journals of the Public Library of Science (PLoS Medicine, PLoS Biology, PLoS One, PLoS Computational Biology, PLoS Genetics, PLoS Pathogens, and PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases) between January 2010 and December 2020 were extracted from Web of Science. Using Genderize.io, the gender of authors from their first names was estimated using a 75% threshold. The association between female prevalence in first and last authorship and journal was evaluated using a binary logistic regression, and odds ratios were estimated against a 50:50 reference on gender. In 266,739 publications, 43.3% of first authors and 26.7% of last authors were females. Across the ten-year period, female first authorship increased by 19.6% and last authorship by 3.2%. Among all journals, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases had the greatest total proportion of female first authors (45.7%) and PLoS Medicine of female last authors (32%), while PLoS Computational Biology had the lowest proportion in these categories (23.7% and 17.2%). First authors were less likely to be females in all PLoS journals (p < 0.05) except for PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases (odds ratio: 0.84, 95% confidence interval: 0.71–1.00), where the odds of female authorship were not significantly different (p = 0.054). Last authors were not more likely to be females in all PLoS journals (p < 0.001). Overall, women still appear underrepresented as first authors in biomedical publications and their representation as last authors has severely lagged. Effort
Dinoi G, Ghoniem K, Murad MH, et al., 2023, Minimally invasive compared with open surgery in high-risk endometrial cancer a systematic review and meta-analysis, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol: 141, Pages: 59-68, ISSN: 0029-7844
OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes between minimally invasive surgery and open surgery in patients with high-risk endometrial cancer.DATA SOURCES: A cohort study of all patients who underwent surgery for high-risk endometrial cancer between 1999 and 2016 at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota) and a literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus of all published studies until December 2020.METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: The systematic review identified 2,332 patients (14 studies, all retrospective except a subanalysis of a randomized comparison) and the cohort study identified 542 additional patients. Articles were included if reporting original data on overall survival and disease-free survival among patients with high-risk endometrial cancer, defined as International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grade 3 endometrioid, serous, clear cell, mixed histology, or uterine carcinosarcoma. Studies that did not report at least one of the main outcomes, those in which one surgical technique (robotic or laparoscopic surgery) was missing in the comparison analysis with open surgery, and case reports were excluded. Additional data were extracted from a retrospective cohort of patients from Mayo. A random-effect model was used for meta-analysis.TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO. Literature search and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers, as well as quality assessment using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. Meta-analysis showed that disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with high-risk endometrial cancer who underwent minimally invasive surgery were not statistically different from those of patients who underwent op
Kechagias K, Katsikas-Triantafyllidis K, Geropoulos G, et al., 2022, Diverticulitis during pregnancy: a systematic review of the reported cases, Frontiers in Medicine, Vol: 9, ISSN: 2296-858X
Background: Diverticular disease of the colon represents a common clinical condition in the western world. Its prevalence increases with age and only 5% of cases occur in adults younger than 40 years of age, making it a rare condition during pregnancy. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the reported cases of diverticulitis during pregnancy.Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature based on preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched three different electronic databases namely PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from inception to December 2021. Literature search and data extraction were completed in duplicates.Results: The initial search yielded 564 articles from which 12 were finally included in our review. Ten articles were case reports and two were observational studies. The mean age of the cases was 34 years. The presenting complain was provided for 11 cases. The majority of the patients (10/11, 91%) presented with abdominal pain located mainly on the left (6/11, 55%) or right (4/11, 36%) iliac fossa. The most common diagnostic modality used for the diagnosis of the condition was ultrasonography in nine cases (9/12, 75%) followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in two cases (2/12, 17%). In spite of clinical and radiological evaluation, the initial diagnosis was inaccurate in seven cases (7/12, 58%). The therapeutic approach was available for 11 cases and it was based on the administration of intravenous antibiotics in six cases (6/11, 55%) and surgical management in five cases (5/11, 45%). Data for the type of delivery was provided in nine studies with five patients (5/9, 56%) delivering vaginally and four patients (4/9, 44%) delivering with cesarean section.Conclusion: As advanced maternal age becomes more common, the frequency of diverticulitis in pregnancy may increase. Although available guidelines do not exist, the clinical awareness, early recognition of the disorde
Kiviharju M, Heinonen A, Jakobsson M, et al., 2022, Overtreatment rate after immediate local excision of suspected cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A prospective cohort study, GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY, Vol: 167, Pages: 167-173, ISSN: 0090-8258
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Semertzidou A, Whelan E, Smith A, et al., 2022, Microbial signatures and continuum in endometrial cancer and benign patients
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Endometrial cancer is a multifactorial disease with inflammatory, metabolic and potentially microbial cues involved in disease pathogenesis. Here we sampled different regions of the reproductive tract (vagina, cervix, endometrium, fallopian tubes and ovaries) of 61 patients and showed that the upper genital tract of a subset of women with and without endometrial cancer harbour microbiota quantitatively and compositionally distinguishable from background contaminants. A microbial continuum, defined by detection of common bacterial species along the genital tract, was noted in most women without cancer while the continuum was less cohesive in endometrial cancer patients. Vaginal microbiota were poorly correlated with rectal microbiota in the studied cohorts. Endometrial cancer was associated with reduced cervicovaginal and rectal bacterial load together with depletion of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus</jats:italic> species relative abundance, including <jats:italic>L. crispatus</jats:italic>, increased bacterial diversity and enrichment of <jats:italic>Porphyromonas</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Prevotella, Peptoniphilus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Anaerococcus</jats:italic> in the lower genital tract and endometrium. Treatment of benign and malignant endometrial organoids with <jats:italic>L. crispatus</jats:italic> conditioned media had minimal impact on cytokine and chemokine profiles. Our findings provide evidence that the upper female reproductive tract of some women contains detectable levels of bacteria, the composition of which is associated with endometrial cancer. Whether this is a cause or consequence of cancer pathophysiology remains to be elucidated.</jats:p>
Bowden S, Ellis L, Kyrgiou M, et al., 2022, High prevalence of HPV 51 in an unvaccinated population and implications for HPV vaccines, Vaccines, Vol: 10, ISSN: 2076-393X
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is detected in 99.7% of cervical cancers. Current vaccines target types 16 and 18. Prior to vaccination implementation, a prospective cohort study was conducted to determine baseline HPV prevalence in unvaccinated women in Wales; after HPV16 and HPV18, HPV 51 was found to be most prevalent. This study aimed to re-assess the unexpected high prevalence of HPV 51 and consider its potential for type-replacement. Two hundred HPV 51 positive samples underwent re-analysis by repeating the original methodology using HPV 51 GP5+/6+ PCR-enzyme immunoassay, and additionally a novel assay of HPV 51 E7 PCR. Data were correlated with age, social deprivation and cytology. Direct repeat of HPV 51 PCR-EIA identified 146/195 (75.0%) samples as HPV 51 positive; E7 PCR identified 166/195 (85.1%) samples as HPV 51 positive. HPV 51 prevalence increased with cytological grade. The prevalence of HPV 51 in the pre-vaccinated population was truly high. E7 DNA assays may offer increased specificity for HPV genotyping. Cross-protection of current vaccines against less-prevalent HPV types warrants further study. This study highlights the need for longitudinal investigation into the prevalence of non-vaccine HPV types, especially those phylogenetically different to vaccine types for potential type-replacement. Ongoing surveillance will inform future vaccines.
Kyrgiou M, Moscicki A-B, 2022, Vaginal microbiome and cervical cancer, SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY, Vol: 86, Pages: 189-198, ISSN: 1044-579X
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Kechagias K, Kalliala I, Bowden S, et al., 2022, The role of HPV vaccination on HPV infection and recurrence of HPV-related disease after local surgical treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis., The BMJ, Vol: 378, ISSN: 0959-8138
Objective: The efficacy of prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines after surgical treatment for pre-invasive genital disease remains unclear. Our aim was to explore the efficacy of HPV vaccination on HPV infection risk and risk of recurrent HPV-related disease in individuals undergoing local surgical treatment for cervical or other HPV-related disease.Methods: Design: Systematic review and meta-analysisData sources: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov were screened from inception until March 2021.Inclusion criteria: Studies reporting on HPV infection risk and recurrence of HPV-related disease after local surgical treatment of pre-invasive genital disease in vaccinated individuals. Outcome measures: Primary: Recurrence risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+)(follow-up as reported by individual studies); Secondary: risk of HPV infection, other HPV-related lesions.Data extraction and risk of bias assessment: Independent and in duplicate data extraction and quality assessment using ROBINS-I and RoB-2 tools was performed for observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was implemented for the primary outcome.Data synthesis: Observational studies and RCTs were analysed separately from post-hoc analyses of RCTs. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using a random-effects (RE) meta-analysis model. The restricted maximum likelihood was used as an estimator for heterogeneity, and the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method was used to derive confidence intervals.Results: Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria of the review; eighteen studies also reported data from a non-vaccinated group and were included in the meta-analyses (12 observational; 2 RCTs and 4 post-hoc analyses of RCTs). The risk of CIN2+ recurrence was reduced in vaccinated when compared to non-vaccinated
Kyrgiou M, Athanasiou A, Arbyn M, et al., 2022, Terminology for cone dimensions after local conservative treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and early invasive cervical cancer: 2022 consensus recommendations from ESGO, EFC, IFCPC, and ESP, The Lancet Oncology, Vol: 23, Pages: e385-e392, ISSN: 1470-2045
Local cervical treatment for squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) removes or ablates a cone-shaped or dome-shaped part of the cervix that contains abnormal cells. This Series paper introduces the 2022 terminology for cone dimensions after local conservative treatment for SIL, CIN, or early invasive cervical cancer. The terminology was prepared by the Nomenclature Committee of the European Society of Gynaecologic Oncology, the European Federation for Colposcopy, the International Federation of Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy, and the European Society of Pathology. Cone length should be tailored to the type of transformation zone. Treatment of SIL or CIN is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, which escalates with increasing cone length. There is a lack of agreement regarding terms used to report excised specimen dimensions both intraoperatively and in the pathology laboratory. Consensus is needed to make studies addressing effectiveness and safety of SIL or CIN treatment comparable, and to facilitate their use to improve accuracy of antenatal surveillance and management. This Series paper summarises the current terminology through a review of existing literature, describes new terminology as agreed by a group of experts from international societies in the field of cervical cancer prevention and treatment, and recommends use of the new terminology that will facilitate communication between clinicians and foster more specific treatment guidelines that balance obstetrical harm against therapeutic effectiveness.
Taumberger N, Joura EA, Arbyn M, et al., 2022, Myths and fake messages about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination: answers from the ESGO Prevention Committee, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER, Vol: 32, Pages: 1316-1320, ISSN: 1048-891X
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Athanasiou A, Veroniki AA, Efthimiou O, et al., 2022, Comparative effectiveness and reproductive morbidity of local treatments for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and stage 1a1 cervical cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis, The Lancet Oncology, Vol: 23, ISSN: 1213-9432
Background: In this network meta-analysis, we compared the effectiveness and reproductive morbidity associated with various treatment methods for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Methods: We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL) from inception until 9 March 2022 for randomised and non-randomised studies reporting on oncological and reproductive outcomes after excisional or ablative CIN treatments. The primary outcomes were any treatment failure (defined as any abnormal histology or cytology) and preterm birth (<37 weeks). The network for prematurity included also women with untreated CIN (colposcopy group). We extracted study-level data and conducted random-effects network meta-analyses to obtain odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals. Within- and across-study risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane tools. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018115495 and CRD42018115508.Findings: Searches retrieved 11,987 citations. The networks for treatment failure and prematurity included 19,240 and 68,817 participants across 71 (25 randomised) and 29 (two randomised) studies, respectively. Compared to large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ), risk of treatment failure was lower for other excisional (laser conisation: OR=0·59, 0·44–0·79; cold knife conisation [CKC]: OR=0·63, 0·50–0·81) and higher for ablative techniques (laser ablation: OR=1·69, 1·27–2·24; cryotherapy: OR=1·84, 1·33–2·55). Compared to colposcopy group, risk of prematurity was higher for all excisional techniques (CKC: OR=2·27, 1·70–3·02; laser conisation: OR=1·77, 1·29–2·43; LLETZ: OR=1·37, 1·16–1·62), whilst estimates were uncertain for ablative methods.Interpretation: More radical excisional techniques reduce the risk of treatment failure but increase the risk of subsequent preter
Valasoulis G, Michail G, Pouliakis A, et al., 2022, Effect of Condom Use after CIN Treatment on Cervical HPV Biomarkers Positivity: Prolonged Follow Up Study, CANCERS, Vol: 14
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Henschke N, Bergman H, Villanueva G, et al., 2022, Effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes on community rates of HPV-related disease and harms from vaccination, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Vol: 2022, ISSN: 1465-1858
Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:. We aim to assess population-level effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes on HPV-related disease and harms from vaccination.
Bergman H, Henschke N, Villanueva G, et al., 2022, Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for the prevention of cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases: a network meta-analysis, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Vol: 2022, ISSN: 1465-1858
Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:. We aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of WHO pre-qualified human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines given in different dose schedules, in females and males, to prevent cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases by undertaking a network meta-analysis (NMA). We will rank the different vaccines and dose schedules according to the critical outcomes.
Whelan E, Kalliala I, Semertzidou A, et al., 2022, Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer: An Umbrella Review of the Literature, Cancers, Vol: 14, Pages: 2708-2708
<jats:p>Several non-genetic factors have been associated with ovarian cancer incidence or mortality. To evaluate the strength and validity of the evidence we conducted an umbrella review of the literature that included systematic reviews/meta-analyses that evaluated the link between non-genetic risk factors and ovarian cancer incidence and mortality. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and performed a manual screening of references. Evidence was graded into strong, highly suggestive, suggestive or weak based on statistical significance of the random effects summary estimate and the largest study in a meta-analysis, the number of cases, between-study heterogeneity, 95% prediction intervals, small study effects, and presence of excess significance bias. We identified 212 meta-analyses, investigating 55 non-genetic risk factors for ovarian cancer. Risk factors were grouped in eight broad categories: anthropometric indices, dietary intake, physical activity, pre-existing medical conditions, past drug history, biochemical markers, past gynaecological history and smoking. Of the 174 meta-analyses of cohort studies assessing 44 factors, six associations were graded with strong evidence. Greater height (RR per 10 cm 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.20), body mass index (BMI) (RR ≥ 30 kg/m2 versus normal 1.27, 95% CI 1.17–1.38) and three exposures of varying preparations and usage related to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use increased the risk of developing ovarian cancer. Use of oral contraceptive pill reduced the risk (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.69–0.80). Refining the significance of genuine risk factors for the development of ovarian cancer may potentially increase awareness in women at risk, aid prevention and early detection.</jats:p>
Doulgeraki T, Bowden S, Athanasiou A, et al., 2022, Environmental and modifiable risk factors for cervical cancer: An umbrella review, Publisher: ELSEVIER, Pages: E83-E83, ISSN: 0301-2115
Kyrgiou M, Athanasiou A, Arbyn M, et al., 2022, 2022 ESGO/EFC/IFCPC/ESP Terminology for dimensions of cone after local conservative treatment for cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and early invasive cervical cancer, The Lancet Oncology, ISSN: 1213-9432
This paper introduces the 2022 terminology for the cone dimensions after local conservative treatment for squamous intra-epithelial lesion/cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (SIL/CIN) and early invasive cervical cancer. This is prepared by the Nomenclature Committee of the European Society of Gynaecologic Oncology (ESGO), the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC), the International Federation of Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy (IFCPC) and the European Society of Pathology (ESP). It is recommended that the cone length is tailored to the type of transformation zone. Treatment of SIL/CIN is associated with preterm birth and this risk increases with increasing cone length. There is lack of agreement on the reporting definitions of the excised specimen dimensions intra-operatively and/or in the pathology laboratory. There is a need for a consensus terminology of the cone dimensions to make studies addressing effectiveness and safety of SIL/CIN treatment comparable and facilitate their use to tailor surveillance and antenatal management. This document summarises existing terminologies through a review of the literature. We further describe the new 2022 terminology as agreed by a group of experts from international societies in the field of cervical cancer prevention and treatment. We recommend the use of the 2022 terminology that will facilitate communication between clinicians and foster tailored treatment guidelines that balance obstetrical harm against therapeutic effectiveness.
Mitra A, MacIntyre DA, Paraskevaidi M, et al., 2021, The vaginal microbiota and innate immunity after local excisional treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, Genome Medicine: medicine in the post-genomic era, Vol: 13, ISSN: 1756-994X
Background:Vaginal microbiota (VMB) composition is altered in women with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) compared to healthy controls and is associated with disease progression. However, the impact of CIN excision on the VMB and innate immunity is not known. This observational study aims to explore the impact of CIN excision on the VMB, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and proinflammatory cytokines.Methods:We sampled 103 non-pregnant, premenopausal women at the time of excisional treatment for CIN and at their 6-month follow-up visit. A further 39 untreated controls with normal cytology were also sampled. We used metataxonomics to group vaginal swab samples into community state types (CSTs) and ELISA to quantify cytokine and AMP levels in matched vaginal secretions. Analyses were performed to compare the bacterial composition and immune analyte levels before and after CIN excision and in healthy controls.Results:Women with CIN had significantly higher rates of Lactobacillus species depletion pre-treatment compared to healthy controls (CST IV 21/103, 20% vs 1/39, 3%, p = 0.0081). Excision did not change the VMB composition, with CST IV remaining significantly more prevalent after excision compared to untreated, healthy controls (CST IV 19/103, 20% vs 1/39, 3%, p = 0.0142). Prevotella bivia and Sneathia amnii were significantly higher in samples before treatment compared to untreated controls, and Prevotella bivia remained significantly higher amongst the treated, with less Lactobacillus crispatus compared to untreated controls. IL-1β and IL-8 remained significantly elevated pre- (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0014, respectively) and post-treatment (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0035, respectively) compared to untreated controls. Levels of human beta-defensin-1 and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor were both significantly reduced following CIN excision (p < 0.0001); however, their levels remained lower than controls post-treatment.Conclusions:Women with CIN hav
Giannos P, Kechagias K, Bowden S, et al., 2021, PCNA in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: an interaction network analysis of differentially expressed genes, Frontiers in Oncology, Vol: 11, Pages: 1-8, ISSN: 2234-943X
The investigation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their interactome could provide valuable insights for thedevelopment of markers to optimise cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) screening and treatment. This study investigatedpatients with cervical disease to identify gene markers whose dysregulated expression and protein interaction interface werelinked with CIN and cervical cancer (CC). Literature search of microarray datasets containing cervical epithelial samples wasconducted in Gene Expression Omnibus and Pubmed/Medline from inception untill March 2021. Retrieved DEGs were used toconstruct two protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Module DEGs that overlapped between CIN and CC samples, were rankedbased on 11 topological algorithms. The highest-ranked hub gene was retrieved and its correlation with prognosis, tissueexpression and tumour purity in patients with CC, was evaluated. Screening of the literature yielded 12 microarray datasets(GSE7803, GSE27678, GSE63514, GSE6791, GSE7803, GSE9750, GSE27678, GSE29570, GSE39001, GSE63514, GSE63678, GSE67522). TwoPPI networks from CIN and CC samples were constructed and consisted of 1704 and 3748 DEGs along 21393 and 79828 interactions,respectively. Two gene clusters were retreived in the CIN network and three in the CC network. Multi-algorithmic topologicalanalysis revealed PCNA as the highest ranked hub gene between the two networks, both in terms of expression and interactions.Further analysis revealed that while PCNA was overexpressed in CC tissues, it was correlated with favourable prognosis (log-rank P=0.022, HR=0.58) and tumour purity (P=9.86 × 10-4, partial rho=0.197) in CC patients. This study identified that cervical PCNAexhibited multi-algorithmic topological significance among DEGs from CIN and CC samples. Overall, PCNA may serve as a potentialgene marker of CIN progression. Experimental validation is necessary to examine its value in patients with cervical disease.
Bowden S, Bodinier B, Paraskevaidi M, et al., 2021, 200 Can methylation signals of cervical cancer enhance cervical screening?: an epigenome-wide association study on the Illumina 850k array, ESGO 2021 Congress, Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group, Pages: A12-A17, ISSN: 1048-891X
Kechagias K, Katsikas-Triantafyllidis K, Kyriakidou M, et al., 2021, The relation between caffeine consumption and endometriosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis, Nutrients, Vol: 13, Pages: 1-12, ISSN: 2072-6643
While the contributing factors leading to endometriosis remain unclear, its clinical heterogeneity suggests a multifactorial causal background. Amongst others, caffeine has been studied extensively during the last decade as a putative contributing factor. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we provide an overview/critical appraisal of studies that report on the association between caffeine consumption and the presence of endometriosis. In our search strategy, we screened PubMed and Scopus for human studies examining the above association. The main outcome was the relative risk of endometriosis in caffeine users versus women consuming little or no caffeine (<100 mg/day). Subgroup analyses were conducted for different levels of caffeine intake: high (>300 mg/day) or moderate (100–300 mg/day). Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis (five cohort and five case-control studies). No statistically significant association was observed between overall caffeine consumption and risk for endometriosis (RR 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97–1.28, I2 = 70%) when compared to little or no (<100 mg/day) caffeine intake. When stratified according to level of consumption, high intake was associated with increased risk of endometriosis (RR 1.30, 95%CI 1.04–1.63, I2 = 56%), whereas moderate intake did not reach nominal statistical significance (RR 1.18, 95%CI 0.99–1.40, I2 = 37%). In conclusion, caffeine consumption does not appear to be associated with increased risk for endometriosis. However, further research is needed to elucidate the potential dose-dependent link between caffeine and endometriosis or the probable role of caffeine intake as a measurement of other unidentified biases.
Rockall A, Barwick T, Wilson W, et al., 2021, Diagnostic accuracy of FEC-PET/CT, FDG-PET/CT and diffusion-weighted MRI in detection of nodal metastases in surgically treated endometrial and cervical carcinoma, Clinical Cancer Research, Vol: 27, Pages: 6457-6466, ISSN: 1078-0432
Purpose:Pre-operative nodal staging is important for planning treatment in cervical cancer (CC) and endometrial cancer (EC) but remains challenging. We compare nodal staging accuracy of 18F-ethyl-choline-(FEC)-PET/CT, 18F-Fluoro-deoxy-glucose-(FDG)-PET/CT and diffusion-weighted-MRI (DW-MRI) with conventional morphological MRI.Experimetal Design:A prospective, multicentre observational study of diagnostic accuracy for nodal metastases was undertaken in 5 gyne-oncology centres. FEC-PET/CT, FDG-PET/CT and DW-MRI were compared to nodal size and morphology on MRI. Reference standard was strictly correlated nodal histology. Eligibility included operable CC stage=>1B1 or EC (grade 3 any stage with myometrial invasion or grade 1-2 stage=>II). Results:Among 162 consenting participants, 136 underwent study DW-MRI and FDG-PET/CT, and 60 underwent FEC-PET/CT. 267 nodal regions in 118 women were strictly correlated at histology (nodal positivity rate 25%). Sensitivity per-patient (n=118) for nodal size, morphology, DW-MRI, FDG- and FEC-PET/CT were 40%*, 53%, 53%, 63%* and 67% for all cases (*p=0.016); 10%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 25% in CC (n=40); 65%, 75%, 70%, 80% and 88% in EC (n=78). FDG-PET/CT outperformed nodal size (p=0.006) and size ratio (p=0.04) for per-region sensitivity. False positive rates were all <10%. Conclusions:All imaging techniques had low sensitivity for detection of nodal metastases and cannot replace surgical nodal staging. The performance of FEC-PET/CT was not statistically different to other techniques that are more widely available. FDG-PET/CT had higher sensitivity than size in detecting nodal metastases. False positive rates were low across all methods. The low false positive rate demonstrated by FDG-PET/CT may be helpful in arbitration of challenging surgical planning decisions.
Mitra A, MacIntyre D, Paraskevaidi M, et al., 2021, The vaginal microbiota and innate Immunity after local excisional treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, Publisher: BioMed Central
Background: Vaginal microbiota (VMB) are altered in women with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) and associate with disease progression. However, the impact of CIN excision on the VMB and innate immunity is not known. This interventional study aims to explore the impact of CIN excision on the VMB, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and proinflammatory cytokines. We sampled 103 non-pregnant, premenopausal women at the time of excisional treatment for CIN and at their 6-month follow-up visit. A further 39 untreated controls with normal cytology were also sampled. We used metataxonomics to group vaginal swab samples into community state types (CSTs) and ELISA to quantify cytokine and AMPs levels in matched vaginal secretions. Analyses were performed to compare bacterial composition and immune analyte levels before and after CIN excision and in healthy controls.Results: Women with CIN had significantly higher rates of Lactobacillus species depletion pre-treatment compared to healthy controls (CST IV: 21/103, 20% vs 1/39, 3%, p=0.0081). Excision did not change the VMB composition, with CST IV remaining significantly more prevalent after excision compared to untreated, healthy controls (CST IV: 19/103, 20% vs 1/39, 3%, p=0.0142). Prevotella bivia and Sneathia amnii were significantly higher in samples before treatment compared to untreated controls and Prevotella bivia remained significantly higher amongst the treated, with less Lactobacillus crispatus compared to untreated controls. IL-1 and IL-8 remained significantly elevated pre- (p<0.0001 and p=0.0014 respectively) and post-treatment compared to untreated controls (p<0.0001 and p=0.0035 respectively). Levels of human beta-defensin-1 and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor were both significantly reduced following CIN excision (p<0.0001), however their levels remained lower than controls post-treatment.Conclusions: Women with CIN have increased prevalence of Lactobacillus spp. depleted, high-diversity V
Kyrgiou M, Bowden SJ, Athanasiou A, et al., 2021, Morbidity after local excision of the transformation zone for cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and early cervical cancer, Best Practice and Research: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vol: 75, Pages: 10-22, ISSN: 1521-6934
The awareness that cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) treatment increases the risk of preterm birth has led to major changes in clinical practice. Women with CIN have a higher baseline risk of prematurity but local treatment further increases this risk. The risk further increases with increasing cone length and multiplies for repeat excisions; it is unclear whether small cones confer any additional risk to CIN alone. There is no evidence to suggest that fertility is affected by local treatment, although this increases the risk of mid-trimester loss. Caution should prevail when deciding to treat women with CIN of reproductive age. If treatment is offered, this should be conducted effectively to optimise the clearance of disease and minimise the risk of recurrence. Colposcopists should alert women undergoing treatment that this may increase the risk of preterm birth and that they may be offered interventions when pregnant. The cone length should be clearly documented and used as a risk stratifier.
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