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@article{Gomez-Gonzalez:2021:10.1002/adsu.202100023,
author = {Gomez-Gonzalez, MA and Koronfel, MA and Pullin, H and Parker, JE and Quinn, PD and Inverno, MD and Scott, TB and Xie, F and Voulvoulis, N and Yallop, ML and Ryan, MP and Porter, AE},
doi = {10.1002/adsu.202100023},
journal = {Advanced Sustainable Systems},
title = {Nanoscale chemical imaging of nanoparticles under real-world wastewater treatment conditions},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202100023},
volume = {5},
year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Understanding nanomaterial transformations within wastewater treatment plants is an important step to better predict their potential impact on the environment. Here, spatially resolved, in situ nano-X-ray fluorescence microscopy is applied to directly observe nanometer-scale dissolution, morphological, and chemical evolution of individual and aggregated ZnO nanorods in complex “real-world” conditions: influent water and primary sludge collected from a municipal wastewater system. A complete transformation of isolated ZnO nanorods into ZnS occurs after only 1 hour in influent water, but larger aggregates of the ZnO nanorods transform only partially, with small contributions of ZnS and Zn-phosphate (Zn3(PO4)2) species, after 3 hours. Transformation of aggregates of the ZnO nanorods toward mixed ZnS, Zn adsorbed to Fe-oxyhydroxides, and a large contribution of Zn3(PO4)2 phases are observed during their incubation in primary sludge for 3 hours. Discrete, isolated ZnO regions are imaged with unprecedented spatial resolution, revealing their incipient transformation toward Zn3(PO4)2. Passivation by transformation(s) into mixtures of less soluble phases may influence the subsequent bioreactivity of these nanomaterials. This work emphasizes the importance of imaging the nanoscale chemistry of mixtures of nanoparticles in highly complex, heterogeneous semi-solid matrices for improved prediction of their impacts on treatment processes, and potential environmental toxicity following release.
AU  - Gomez-Gonzalez,MA
AU  - Koronfel,MA
AU  - Pullin,H
AU  - Parker,JE
AU  - Quinn,PD
AU  - Inverno,MD
AU  - Scott,TB
AU  - Xie,F
AU  - Voulvoulis,N
AU  - Yallop,ML
AU  - Ryan,MP
AU  - Porter,AE
DO  - 10.1002/adsu.202100023
PY  - 2021///
SN  - 2366-7486
TI  - Nanoscale chemical imaging of nanoparticles under real-world wastewater treatment conditions
T2  - Advanced Sustainable Systems
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202100023
UR  - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000647351100001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adsu.202100023
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/88906
VL  - 5
ER  -

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