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@article{Howard:2021:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.120.011951,
author = {Howard, J and Stowell, C and Cole, G and Ananthan, K and Camelia, D and Pearce, K and Rajani, R and Sehmi, J and Vimalesvaran, K and Kanaganayagam, G and McPhail, E and Ghosh, A and Chambers, J and Singh, A and Zolgharni, M and Rana, B and Francis, D and Shun-Shin, M},
doi = {10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.120.011951},
journal = {Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging},
pages = {405--415},
title = {Automated left ventricular dimension assessment using artificial intelligence developed and validated by a UK-wide collaborative},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.120.011951},
volume = {14},
year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Background: Echocardiography artificial intelligence (AI) requires training and validation to standards expected of humans. We developed an online platform and established the Unity Collaborative to build a dataset of expertise from 17 hospitals for training, validation, and standardisation of such techniques. Methods: The training dataset were 2056individual frames drawn at random from 1265parasternal long-axis video-loops of patients undergoing clinical echocardiography in 2015-2016. Nine experts labelled these images using our online platform. From this, we trained a convolutional neural network to identify key points. Subsequently, 13 experts labelled a validation dataset of the end-systolic and end-diastolic frame from100new video-loops, twice each. The 26-opinionconsensus was used as the reference standard. The primary outcome was “precision SD”, the standard deviation of difference between AI measurement and expert consensus. Results: In the validation dataset, the AI’s precision SD for left ventricular internal dimension was 3.5mm. For context, precision SD of individual expert measurements against the expert consensus was 4.4mm. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between AI and expert consensus was 0.926 (95% CI 0.904–0.944), compared with 0.817 (0.778–0.954) between individual experts and expert consensus. For interventricular septum thickness, precision SD was 1.8mm for AI (ICC 0.809; 0.729–0.967), versus 2.0 for individuals (ICC 0.641; 0.568–0.716). For posterior wall thickness, precision SD was 1.4mm for AI (ICC 0.535; 95% CI 0.379–0.661), versus 2.2mm for individuals(0.366; 0.288 to 0.462).We present all images and annotations. This highlights challenging cases, including poor image quality, tapered ventricles, and indistinct boundaries. Conclusions: Experts at multiple institutions successfully cooperated to build a collaborative AI. This performed as well as individual experts. Future echocardiogr
AU  - Howard,J
AU  - Stowell,C
AU  - Cole,G
AU  - Ananthan,K
AU  - Camelia,D
AU  - Pearce,K
AU  - Rajani,R
AU  - Sehmi,J
AU  - Vimalesvaran,K
AU  - Kanaganayagam,G
AU  - McPhail,E
AU  - Ghosh,A
AU  - Chambers,J
AU  - Singh,A
AU  - Zolgharni,M
AU  - Rana,B
AU  - Francis,D
AU  - Shun-Shin,M
DO  - 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.120.011951
EP  - 415
PY  - 2021///
SN  - 1941-9651
SP  - 405
TI  - Automated left ventricular dimension assessment using artificial intelligence developed and validated by a UK-wide collaborative
T2  - Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.120.011951
UR  - https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.120.011951
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/88288
VL  - 14
ER  -

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