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@unpublished{Fisher:2018:10.1101/246538,
author = {Fisher, M and Ghosh, P and Shelton, J and Bates, K and Brookes, L and Wierzbicki, C and Rosa, G and Farrer, R and Aanensen, D and Alvarado-Rybak, M and Bataille, A and Berger, L and Boell, S and Bosch, J and Clare, F and Courtois, E and Crottini, A and Cunningham, A and Doherty-Bone, T and Gebresenbet, F and Gower, D and Hoglund, J and Jenkinson, T and Kosch, T and James, T and Lambertini, C and Laurila, A and Lin, C-F and Loyau, A and Martel, A and Meurling, S and Miaud, C and Minting, P and Ndriantsoa, S and Ribeiro, L and Ribeiro, L and Pasmans, F and Rakotonanahary, T and Rabemananjara, F and Schmeller, D and Schmidt, B and Skerratt, L and Smith, F and Soto-Azat, C and Tessa, G and Toledo, LF and Valenzuela-Sanchez, A and Verster, R and Voros, J and Waldman, B and Webb, R and Weldon, C and Wombwell, E and Zamudio, K and Longcore, J and Garner, T},
doi = {10.1101/246538},
publisher = {bioRxiv},
title = {Development and worldwide use of a non-lethal and minimal population-level impact protocols for the isolation of chytrids from amphibians},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/246538},
year = {2018}
}

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TY  - UNPB
AB  - Parasitic chytrid fungi have emerged as a significant threat to amphibian species worldwide, necessitating the development of techniques to isolate these pathogens into sterile culture for research purposes. However, early methods of isolating chytrids from their hosts relied on killing amphibians. We modified a pre-existing protocol for isolating chytrids from infected animals to use toe clips and biopsies from toe webbing rather than euthanizing hosts, and distributed the protocol to interested researchers worldwide as part of the BiodivERsA project RACE; here called the RML protocol. In tandem, we developed a lethal procedure for isolating chytrids from tadpole mouthparts. Reviewing a database of use a decade after their inception, we find that these methods have been widely applied across at least 5 continents, 23 countries and in 62 amphibian species, and have been successfully used to isolate chytrids in remote field locations. Isolation of chytrids by the non-lethal RML protocol occured in 18% of attempts with 207 fungal isolates and three species of chytrid being recovered. Isolation of chytrids from tadpoles occured in 43% of attempts with 334 fungal isolates of one species (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) being recovered. Together, these methods have resulted in a significant reduction and refinement of our use of threatened amphibian species and have improved our ability to work with this important group of emerging fungal pathogens.
AU  - Fisher,M
AU  - Ghosh,P
AU  - Shelton,J
AU  - Bates,K
AU  - Brookes,L
AU  - Wierzbicki,C
AU  - Rosa,G
AU  - Farrer,R
AU  - Aanensen,D
AU  - Alvarado-Rybak,M
AU  - Bataille,A
AU  - Berger,L
AU  - Boell,S
AU  - Bosch,J
AU  - Clare,F
AU  - Courtois,E
AU  - Crottini,A
AU  - Cunningham,A
AU  - Doherty-Bone,T
AU  - Gebresenbet,F
AU  - Gower,D
AU  - Hoglund,J
AU  - Jenkinson,T
AU  - Kosch,T
AU  - James,T
AU  - Lambertini,C
AU  - Laurila,A
AU  - Lin,C-F
AU  - Loyau,A
AU  - Martel,A
AU  - Meurling,S
AU  - Miaud,C
AU  - Minting,P
AU  - Ndriantsoa,S
AU  - Ribeiro,L
AU  - Ribeiro,L
AU  - Pasmans,F
AU  - Rakotonanahary,T
AU  - Rabemananjara,F
AU  - Schmeller,D
AU  - Schmidt,B
AU  - Skerratt,L
AU  - Smith,F
AU  - Soto-Azat,C
AU  - Tessa,G
AU  - Toledo,LF
AU  - Valenzuela-Sanchez,A
AU  - Verster,R
AU  - Voros,J
AU  - Waldman,B
AU  - Webb,R
AU  - Weldon,C
AU  - Wombwell,E
AU  - Zamudio,K
AU  - Longcore,J
AU  - Garner,T
DO  - 10.1101/246538
PB  - bioRxiv
PY  - 2018///
TI  - Development and worldwide use of a non-lethal and minimal population-level impact protocols for the isolation of chytrids from amphibians
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/246538
UR  - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/01/14/246538.full.pdf+html
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/63995
ER  -

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