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@article{Mills:2019:10.1017/S0007114519002228,
author = {Mills, L and Coulter, L and Savage, E and Modi, N},
doi = {10.1017/S0007114519002228},
journal = {The British Journal of Nutrition: an international journal of nutritional science},
pages = {1155--1167},
title = {Macronutrient content of donor milk from a regional human milk bank: variation with donor mother-infant characteristics.},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114519002228},
volume = {122},
year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Better understanding of the variation in macronutrient content of human donor milk (HDM) potentiates targeted nutrition for preterm babies. This study describes the relationship of maternal age, parity, monthly lactation stage estimate (LSEm), daily volume of milk expressed (Vd), sex, gestation, and birthweight z scores, with macronutrient content of HDM. Multilevel mother-infant pair ID random intercept models were performed using the predictor variables above on the outcome HDM macronutrient content determined using mid infrared spectroscopy. Mean macronutrient content was also compared by gestational age, and small or appropriate for gestational age (SGA) (z score <-1.28) or (AGA) (z score ≥ -1.28) categories. 2966 samples of donations from 1175 mother-infant pairs to the UK North West Human Milk Bank between 2011-2017 were analysed. Mean (sd) protein, fat, carbohydrate, and calculated energy, were 0.89 (0.24) g/dl, 2.99 (0.96) g/dl, 7.09 (0.44) g/dl, and 60.37 (8.41) kcal/dl respectively. Preterm SGA HDM was significantly higher in protein, fat, and energy content than term AGA HDM, and significantly lower in carbohydrate content than term AGA HDM after controlling for LSEm, Vd, and between subject effects. Degree of prematurity did not influence macronutrient content. Between subject effects accounted for more of the variance in macronutrient content than the fixed effects in the model. Despite this, SGA status, as well as prematurity, may be an important determinant of macronutrient content in human milk. As bioavailability of macronutrients from HDM is uncertain, studies evaluating growth and body composition in preterm and SGA babies fed HDM are warranted.
AU  - Mills,L
AU  - Coulter,L
AU  - Savage,E
AU  - Modi,N
DO  - 10.1017/S0007114519002228
EP  - 1167
PY  - 2019///
SN  - 0007-1145
SP  - 1155
TI  - Macronutrient content of donor milk from a regional human milk bank: variation with donor mother-infant characteristics.
T2  - The British Journal of Nutrition: an international journal of nutritional science
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114519002228
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31475638
UR  - https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/macronutrient-content-of-donor-milk-from-a-regional-human-milk-bank-variation-with-donor-motherinfant-characteristics/F66CB5AD5F25FB5DBF76960BF56B8667
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/74711
VL  - 122
ER  -

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