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Campbell PT, Newton CC, Jacobs EJ, et al., 2023, Appendix 1 from Prospective Associations of Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> and c-peptide with Risk of Diabetes-related Cancers in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort
<jats:p><p>lab methods and qc</p></jats:p>
Campbell PT, Newton CC, Jacobs EJ, et al., 2023, Supplementary Tables S1-S4 from Prospective Associations of Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> and c-peptide with Risk of Diabetes-related Cancers in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort
<jats:p><p>Supplemental Table 1 - Association of self-reported T2DM at blood draw with risk of all-cancers combined and separately in CPS-II LifeLink participants; Supplemental Table 2 - Association BMI per 5 kg/m2 at blood draw with risk of all-cancers combined and separately in CPS-II LifeLink participants. Excludes those with BMI <18.5 kg/m2; Supplementary Table 3 - Associations of c-peptide with risk of all cancers combined and for the specific cancers of interest by sex in the CPS-II LifeLink cohort; Supplementary Table 4 - Associations of HbA1c with risk of all cancers combined and for the specific cancers of interest by sex in the CPS-II LifeLink cohort.</p></jats:p>
Campbell PT, Newton CC, Jacobs EJ, et al., 2023, Appendix 1 from Prospective Associations of Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> and c-peptide with Risk of Diabetes-related Cancers in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort
<jats:p><p>lab methods and qc</p></jats:p>
Campbell PT, Newton CC, Jacobs EJ, et al., 2023, Data from Prospective Associations of Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> and c-peptide with Risk of Diabetes-related Cancers in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort
<jats:p><div><p>Self-reported type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for many cancers, suggesting its pathology relates to carcinogenesis. We conducted a case-cohort study to examine associations of hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> (HbA<sub>1c</sub>) and c-peptide with cancers associated with self-reported T2DM. This study was drawn from a prospective cohort of 32,383 women and men who provided blood specimens at baseline: c-peptide and HbA<sub>1c</sub> were assessed in 3,000 randomly selected participants who were cancer-free-at-baseline and an additional 2,281 participants who were cancer-free-at-baseline and subsequently diagnosed with incident colorectal, liver, pancreatic, female breast, endometrial, ovarian, bladder, or kidney cancers. Weighted Cox regression models estimated HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for covariates. c-peptide was associated with higher risk of liver cancer [per SD HR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.32–2.46]. HbA<sub>1c</sub> was associated with higher risk of pancreatic cancer (per SD HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.05–1.40) and with some suggestion of higher risks for all-cancers-of-interest (per SD HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.99–1.11) and colorectal (per SD HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.98–1.20), ovarian (per SD HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.96–1.45) and bladder (per SD HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.96–1.21) cancers. Compared with no self-reported T2DM and HbA<sub>1c</sub> < 6.5% (reference group), self-reported T2DM and HbA<sub>1c</sub> < 6.5% (i.e., T2DM in good glycemic control) was not associated with risk of colorectal cancer, whereas it was associated with higher risks of all-cancers-of-interest combined (HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.01–1.62), especially for breast and endometrial cancers. Additional large, prospective studies ar
Campbell PT, Newton CC, Jacobs EJ, et al., 2023, Supplementary Tables S1-S4 from Prospective Associations of Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> and c-peptide with Risk of Diabetes-related Cancers in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort
<jats:p><p>Supplemental Table 1 - Association of self-reported T2DM at blood draw with risk of all-cancers combined and separately in CPS-II LifeLink participants; Supplemental Table 2 - Association BMI per 5 kg/m2 at blood draw with risk of all-cancers combined and separately in CPS-II LifeLink participants. Excludes those with BMI <18.5 kg/m2; Supplementary Table 3 - Associations of c-peptide with risk of all cancers combined and for the specific cancers of interest by sex in the CPS-II LifeLink cohort; Supplementary Table 4 - Associations of HbA1c with risk of all cancers combined and for the specific cancers of interest by sex in the CPS-II LifeLink cohort.</p></jats:p>
Campbell PT, Newton CC, Jacobs EJ, et al., 2023, Data from Prospective Associations of Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> and c-peptide with Risk of Diabetes-related Cancers in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort
<jats:p><div><p>Self-reported type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for many cancers, suggesting its pathology relates to carcinogenesis. We conducted a case-cohort study to examine associations of hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> (HbA<sub>1c</sub>) and c-peptide with cancers associated with self-reported T2DM. This study was drawn from a prospective cohort of 32,383 women and men who provided blood specimens at baseline: c-peptide and HbA<sub>1c</sub> were assessed in 3,000 randomly selected participants who were cancer-free-at-baseline and an additional 2,281 participants who were cancer-free-at-baseline and subsequently diagnosed with incident colorectal, liver, pancreatic, female breast, endometrial, ovarian, bladder, or kidney cancers. Weighted Cox regression models estimated HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for covariates. c-peptide was associated with higher risk of liver cancer [per SD HR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.32–2.46]. HbA<sub>1c</sub> was associated with higher risk of pancreatic cancer (per SD HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.05–1.40) and with some suggestion of higher risks for all-cancers-of-interest (per SD HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.99–1.11) and colorectal (per SD HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.98–1.20), ovarian (per SD HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.96–1.45) and bladder (per SD HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.96–1.21) cancers. Compared with no self-reported T2DM and HbA<sub>1c</sub> < 6.5% (reference group), self-reported T2DM and HbA<sub>1c</sub> < 6.5% (i.e., T2DM in good glycemic control) was not associated with risk of colorectal cancer, whereas it was associated with higher risks of all-cancers-of-interest combined (HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.01–1.62), especially for breast and endometrial cancers. Additional large, prospective studies ar
Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Timofeeva M, Chen Z, et al., 2023, Deciphering colorectal cancer genetics through multi-omic analysis of 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestries (vol 55, pg 89, 2023), NATURE GENETICS, Vol: 55, Pages: 519-520, ISSN: 1061-4036
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- Citations: 1
Carreras-Torres R, Kim AE, Lin Y, et al., 2023, Genome-wide Interaction Study with Smoking for Colorectal Cancer Risk Identifies Novel Genetic Loci Related to Tumor Suppression, Inflammation, and Immune Response, CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION, Vol: 32, Pages: 315-328, ISSN: 1055-9965
Rothwell JA, Bešević J, Dimou N, et al., 2023, Circulating amino acid levels and colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition and UK Biobank cohorts, BMC Medicine, Vol: 21, Pages: 1-13, ISSN: 1741-7015
BACKGROUND: Amino acid metabolism is dysregulated in colorectal cancer patients; however, it is not clear whether pre-diagnostic levels of amino acids are associated with subsequent risk of colorectal cancer. We investigated circulating levels of amino acids in relation to colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and UK Biobank cohorts. METHODS: Concentrations of 13-21 amino acids were determined in baseline fasting plasma or serum samples in 654 incident colorectal cancer cases and 654 matched controls in EPIC. Amino acids associated with colorectal cancer risk following adjustment for the false discovery rate (FDR) were then tested for associations in the UK Biobank, for which measurements of 9 amino acids were available in 111,323 participants, of which 1221 were incident colorectal cancer cases. RESULTS: Histidine levels were inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk in EPIC (odds ratio [OR] 0.80 per standard deviation [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-0.92, FDR P-value=0.03) and in UK Biobank (HR 0.93 per SD, 95% CI 0.87-0.99, P-value=0.03). Glutamine levels were borderline inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk in EPIC (OR 0.85 per SD, 95% CI 0.75-0.97, FDR P-value=0.08) and similarly in UK Biobank (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.89-1.01, P=0.09) In both cohorts, associations changed only minimally when cases diagnosed within 2 or 5 years of follow-up were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Higher circulating levels of histidine were associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer in two large prospective cohorts. Further research to ascertain the role of histidine metabolism and potentially that of glutamine in colorectal cancer development is warranted.
Murphy N, Newton CC, Song M, et al., 2023, Body mass index and molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol: 115, Pages: 165-173, ISSN: 0027-8874
BACKGROUND: Obesity is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), but the evidence for the association is inconsistent across molecular subtypes of the disease. METHODS: We pooled data on body mass index (BMI), tumor microsatellite instability status, CpG island methylator phenotype status, BRAF and KRAS mutations, and Jass classification types for 11 872 CRC cases and 11 013 controls from 11 observational studies. We used multinomial logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for covariables. RESULTS: Higher BMI was associated with increased CRC risk (OR per 5 kg/m2 = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.15 to 1.22). The positive association was stronger for men than women but similar across tumor subtypes defined by individual molecular markers. In analyses by Jass type, higher BMI was associated with elevated CRC risk for types 1-4 cases but not for type 5 CRC cases (considered familial-like/Lynch syndrome microsatellite instability-H, CpG island methylator phenotype-low or negative, BRAF-wild type, KRAS-wild type, OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.90 to 1.20). This pattern of associations for BMI and Jass types was consistent by sex and design of contributing studies (cohort or case-control). CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to previous reports with fewer study participants, we found limited evidence of heterogeneity for the association between BMI and CRC risk according to molecular subtype, suggesting that obesity influences nearly all major pathways involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. The null association observed for the Jass type 5 suggests that BMI is not a risk factor for the development of CRC for individuals with Lynch syndrome.
Papadimitriou N, Bull CJ, Jenab M, et al., 2023, Separating the effects of early and later life adiposity on colorectal cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study, BMC Medicine, Vol: 21, Pages: 1-10, ISSN: 1741-7015
BACKGROUND: Observational studies have linked childhood obesity with elevated risk of colorectal cancer; however, it is unclear if this association is causal or independent from the effects of obesity in adulthood on colorectal cancer risk. METHODS: We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate potential causal relationships between self-perceived body size (thinner, plumper, or about average) in early life (age 10) and measured body mass index in adulthood (mean age 56.5) with risk of colorectal cancer. The total and independent effects of body size exposures were estimated using univariable and multivariable MR, respectively. Summary data were obtained from a genome-wide association study of 453,169 participants in UK Biobank for body size and from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of three colorectal cancer consortia of 125,478 participants. RESULTS: Genetically predicted early life body size was estimated to increase odds of colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR] per category change: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1.27), with stronger results for colon cancer (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.35), and distal colon cancer (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04-1.51). After accounting for adult body size using multivariable MR, effect estimates for early life body size were attenuated towards the null for colorectal cancer (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.77-1.22) and colon cancer (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.76-1.25), while the estimate for distal colon cancer was of similar magnitude but more imprecise (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.90-1.77). Genetically predicted adult life body size was estimated to increase odds of colorectal (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.57), colon (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.67), and proximal colon (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the positive association between early life body size and colorectal cancer risk is likely due to large body size retainment into adulthood.
Karavasiloglou N, Hughes DJ, Murphy N, et al., 2023, Prediagnostic serum calcium concentrations and risk of colorectal cancer development in 2 large European prospective cohorts, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol: 117, Pages: 33-45, ISSN: 0002-9165
BACKGROUND: Higher dietary calcium consumption is associated with lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, little data are available on the association between circulating calcium concentrations and CRC risk. OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between circulating calcium concentrations and CRC risk using data from 2 large European prospective cohort studies. METHODS: Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs in case-control studies nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC; n-cases = 947, n-controls = 947) and the UK Biobank (UK-BB; n-cases = 2759, n-controls = 12,021) cohorts. RESULTS: In EPIC, nonalbumin-adjusted total serum calcium (a proxy of free calcium) was not associated with CRC (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.03; modeled as continuous variable, per 1 mg/dL increase), colon cancer (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.05) or rectal cancer (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.20) risk in the multivariable adjusted model. In the UK-BB, serum ionized calcium (free calcium, most active form) was inversely associated with the risk of CRC (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.95; per 1 mg/dL) and colon cancer (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.90), but not rectal cancer (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.24) in multivariable adjusted models. Meta-analysis of EPIC and UK-BB CRC risk estimates showed an inverse risk association for CRC in the multivariable adjusted model (OR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84, 0.97). In analyses by quintiles, in both cohorts, higher levels of serum calcium were associated with reduced CRC risk (EPIC: ORQ5vs.Q1: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.47, 1.00; P-trend = 0.03; UK-BB: ORQ5vs.Q1: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.94; P-trend < 0.01). Analyses by anatomical subsite showed an inverse cancer risk association in the colon (EPIC: ORQ5vs.Q1: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39, 1.02; P-trend = 0.05; UK-BB: ORQ5vs.Q1: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.88; P-trend < 0.01) but not the rectum. CONCLUSIONS: In UK-BB, higher serum ionized calcium
Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Timofeeva M, Chen Z, et al., 2023, Deciphering colorectal cancer genetics through multi-omic analysis of 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestries, NATURE GENETICS, Vol: 55, Pages: 89-+, ISSN: 1061-4036
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- Citations: 8
Matta M, Deubler E, Chajes V, et al., 2022, Circulating plasma phospholipid fatty acid levels and breast cancer risk in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Vol: 151, Pages: 2082-2094, ISSN: 0020-7136
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- Citations: 2
Morgan E, Arnold M, Gini A, et al., 2022, Global burden of colorectal cancer in 2020 and 2040: incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN, GUT, ISSN: 0017-5749
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- Citations: 93
Mori N, Murphy N, Sawada N, et al., 2022, Prediagnostic plasma polyphenol concentrations and colon cancer risk: The JPHC nested case-control study, CLINICAL NUTRITION, Vol: 41, Pages: 1950-1960, ISSN: 0261-5614
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Tian Y, Kim AE, Bien SA, et al., 2022, Genome-wide interaction analysis of genetic variants with menopausal hormone therapy for colorectal cancer risk, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol: 114, Pages: 1135-1148, ISSN: 0027-8874
BACKGROUND: The use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) may interact with genetic variants to influence colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. METHODS: We conducted a genome-wide gene-environment interaction between single nucleotide polymorphisms and the use of any MHT, estrogen-only, and combined estrogen-progestogen therapy with CRC risk, among 28,486 postmenopausal women (11,519 cases and 16,967 controls) from 38 studies, using logistic regression, two-step method, and 2- or 3-degree-of-freedom (d.f.) joint test. A set-based score test was applied for rare genetic variants. RESULTS: The use of any MHT, estrogen-only and estrogen-progestogen were associated with a reduced CRC risk [odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 0.71 (0.64-0.78), 0.65 (0.53-0.79), and 0.73 (0.59-0.90), respectively]. The two-step method identified a statistically significant interaction between a GRIN2B variant rs117868593 and MHT use, whereby MHT-associated CRC risk was significantly reduced in women with the GG genotype [0.68 (0.64-0.72)] but not within strata of GC or CC genotypes. A statistically significant interaction between a DCBLD1 intronic variant at 6q22.1 (rs10782186) and MHT use was identified by the 2-d.f. joint test. The MHT-associated CRC risk was reduced with increasing number of rs10782186-C alleles, showing ORs of 0.78 (0.70-0.87) for TT, 0.68 (0.63-0.73) for TC, and 0.66 (0.60-0.74) for CC genotypes. In addition, five genes in rare variant analysis showed suggestive interactions with MHT (two-sided P < 1.2x10-4). CONCLUSION: Genetic variants that modify the association between MHT and CRC risk were identified, offering new insights into pathways of CRC carcinogenesis and potential mechanisms involved.
Dimou N, Omiyale W, Biessy C, et al., 2022, Cigarette smoking and endometrial cancer risk: observational and mendelian randomization analyses, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, Vol: 31, Pages: OF1-OF10, ISSN: 1055-9965
Background:Current epidemiologic evidence indicates that smoking is associated with a lower endometrial cancer risk. However, it is unknown if this association is causal or confounded. To further elucidate the role of smoking in endometrial cancer risk, we conducted complementary observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.Methods:The observational analyses included 286,415 participants enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition and 179,271 participants in the UK Biobank, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used. In two-sample MR analyses, genetic variants robustly associated with lifetime amount of smoking (n = 126 variants) and ever having smoked regularly (n = 112 variants) were selected and their association with endometrial cancer risk (12,906 cancer/108,979 controls from the Endometrial Cancer Association Consortium) was examined.Results:In the observational analysis, lifetime amount of smoking and ever having smoked regularly were associated with a lower endometrial cancer risk. In the MR analysis accounting for body mass index, a genetic predisposition to a higher lifetime amount of smoking was not associated with endometrial cancer risk (OR per 1-SD increment: 1.15; 95% confidence interval: 0.91−1.44). Genetic predisposition to ever having smoked regularly was not associated with risk of endometrial cancer.Conclusions:Smoking was inversely associated with endometrial cancer in the observational analyses, although unsupported by the MR. Additional studies are required to better understand the possible confounders and mechanisms underlying the observed associations between smoking and endometrial cancer.Impact:The results from this analysis indicate that smoking is unlikely to be causally linked with endometrial cancer risk.
Kliemann N, Ould Ammar R, Biessy C, et al., 2022, Metabolically-defined body size phenotypes and risk of endometrial cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC), Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, Vol: 31, Pages: 1359-1367, ISSN: 1055-9965
Background: Obesity is a risk factor for endometrial cancer but whether metabolic dysfunction is associated with endometrial cancer independent of body size is not known. Methods: The association of metabolically-defined body size phenotypes with endometrial cancer risk was investigated in a nested case-control study (817 cases/ 817 controls) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Concentrations of C-peptide were used to define metabolically healthy (MH; <1st tertile) and metabolically unhealthy (MU; >=1st tertile) status among the control participants. These metabolic health definitions were combined with normal weight (NW; Body Mass Index (BMI)<25kg/m2 or Waist Circumference (WC)<80cm or Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR)<0.8) and overweight (OW; BMI>=25kg/m2 or WC>=80cm or WHR>=0.8) status, generating four phenotype groups for each anthropometric measure: (1)MH/NW, (2)MH/OW (3)MU/NW and (4)MU/OW. Results: In a multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression model, compared with MH/NW individuals, endometrial cancer risk was higher among those classified as MU/NW (OR/WC=1.48; 95%CI 1.05-2.10 and OR/WHR=1.68; 95%CI 1.21-2.35) and MU/OW (OR/BMI=2.38, 95%CI 1.73-3.27; OR/WC=2.69, 95%CI 1.92-3.77 and OR/WHR=1.83, 95%CI 1.32-2.54). MH/OW individuals were also at increased endometrial cancer risk compared to MH/NW individuals (OR/WC=1.94, 95%CI 1.24-3.04). Conclusions: Women with metabolic dysfunction appear to have higher risk of endometrial cancer regardless of their body size. However, overweight status raises endometrial cancer risk even among women with lower insulin levels, suggesting that obesity-related pathways are relevant for the development of this cancer beyond insulin. Impact: Classifying women by metabolic health may be of greater utility in identifying those at higher risk for endometrial cancer than anthropometry per se.
Campbell PT, Newton CC, Jacobs EJ, et al., 2022, Prospective Associations of Hemoglobin A1c and c-peptide with Risk of Diabetes-related Cancers in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort, CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 2, Pages: 653-662
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- Citations: 1
Murphy N, Song M, Papadimitriou N, et al., 2022, Associations Between Glycemic Traits and Colorectal Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis, JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE, Vol: 114, Pages: 740-752, ISSN: 0027-8874
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- Citations: 17
Rothwell JA, Murphy N, Bešević J, et al., 2022, Metabolic signatures of healthy lifestyle patterns and colorectal cancer risk in a European cohort, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol: 20, Pages: e1061-e1082, ISSN: 1542-3565
Background & AimsColorectal cancer risk can be lowered by adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) guidelines. We derived metabolic signatures of adherence to these guidelines and tested their associations with colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer cohort.MethodsScores reflecting adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations (scale, 1–5) were calculated from participant data on weight maintenance, physical activity, diet, and alcohol among a discovery set of 5738 cancer-free European Prospective Investigation into Cancer participants with metabolomics data. Partial least-squares regression was used to derive fatty acid and endogenous metabolite signatures of the WCRF/AICR score in this group. In an independent set of 1608 colorectal cancer cases and matched controls, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated for colorectal cancer risk per unit increase in WCRF/AICR score and per the corresponding change in metabolic signatures using multivariable conditional logistic regression.ResultsHigher WCRF/AICR scores were characterized by metabolic signatures of increased odd-chain fatty acids, serine, glycine, and specific phosphatidylcholines. Signatures were inversely associated more strongly with colorectal cancer risk (fatty acids: OR, 0.51 per unit increase; 95% CI, 0.29–0.90; endogenous metabolites: OR, 0.62 per unit change; 95% CI, 0.50–0.78) than the WCRF/AICR score (OR, 0.93 per unit change; 95% CI, 0.86–1.00) overall. Signature associations were stronger in male compared with female participants.ConclusionsMetabolite profiles reflecting adherence to WCRF/AICR guidelines and additional lifestyle or biological risk factors were associated with colorectal cancer. Measuring a specific panel of metabolites representative of a healthy or unhealthy lifestyle may identify strata of the population at higher risk of colorectal cancer.
Rothwell JA, Mori N, Artaud F, et al., 2022, Colorectal cancer risk following appendectomy: a pooled analysis of three large prospective cohort studies, CANCER COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 42, Pages: 486-489
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- Citations: 4
Jordahl KM, Shcherbina A, Kim AE, et al., 2022, Beyond GWAS of Colorectal Cancer: Evidence of Interaction with Alcohol Consumption and Putative Causal Variant for the 10q24.2 Region, CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION, Vol: 31, Pages: 1077-1089, ISSN: 1055-9965
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- Citations: 3
Harlid S, Van Guelpen B, Qu C, et al., 2022, Diabetes mellitus in relation to colorectal tumor molecular subtypes: A pooled analysis of more than 9000 cases, International Journal of Cancer, Vol: 151, Pages: 348-360, ISSN: 0020-7136
Diabetes is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer. However, colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease and it is not well understood whether diabetes is more strongly associated with some tumor molecular subtypes than others. A better understanding of the association between diabetes and colorectal cancer according to molecular subtypes could provide important insights into the biology of this association. We used data on lifestyle and clinical characteristics from the Colorectal Cancer Family Registry (CCFR) and the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO), including 9756 colorectal cancer cases (with tumor marker data) and 9985 controls, to evaluate associations between reported diabetes and risk of colorectal cancer according to molecular subtypes. Tumor markers included BRAF and KRAS mutations, microsatellite instability and CpG island methylator phenotype. In the multinomial logistic regression model, comparing colorectal cancer cases to cancer-free controls, diabetes was positively associated with colorectal cancer regardless of subtype. The highest OR estimate was found for BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer, n = 1086 (ORfully adj: 1.67, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.36-2.05), with an attenuated association observed between diabetes and colorectal cancer without BRAF-mutations, n = 7959 (ORfully adj: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.19-1.48). In the case only analysis, BRAF-mutation was differentially associated with diabetes (Pdifference = .03). For the other markers, associations with diabetes were similar across tumor subtypes. In conclusion, our study confirms the established association between diabetes and colorectal cancer risk, and suggests that it particularly increases the risk of BRAF-mutated tumors.
Mariosa D, Smith-Byrne K, Richardson TG, et al., 2022, Body size at different ages and risk of six cancers: a Mendelian randomization and prospective cohort study, JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol: 114, Pages: 1296-1300, ISSN: 0027-8874
It is unclear if body weight in early life affects cancer risk independently of adult body weight. To investigate this question for six obesity-related cancers, we performed univariable and multivariable analyses using i) Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and ii) longitudinal analyses in prospective cohorts. Both the MR and longitudinal analyses indicated that larger body size at age 10 was associated with higher risk of endometrial (ORMR=1.61, 95%CI = 1.23–2.11) and kidney cancer (ORMR=1.40, 95%CI = 1.09–1.80). These associations were attenuated after accounting for adult body size in both the MR and cohort analyses. Early life BMI was not consistently associated with the other investigated cancers. The lack of clear independent risk associations suggests that early life BMI influences endometrial and kidney cancer risk mainly through pathways that are common with adult BMI.
Archambault AN, Jeon J, Lin Y, et al., 2022, Risk Stratification for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Using a Combination of Genetic and Environmental Risk Scores: An International Multi-Center Study, JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE, Vol: 114, Pages: 528-539, ISSN: 0027-8874
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- Citations: 16
Harbs J, Rinaldi S, Gicquiau A, et al., 2022, Circulating sex hormone levels and colon cancer risk in men: a nested case-control study and meta-analysis, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, Vol: 31, Pages: 793-803, ISSN: 1055-9965
BACKGROUND: Endogenous sex hormones may contribute to higher colorectal cancer incidence rates in men compared to women, but despite an increased number of studies, clear evidence is lacking. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive nested case-control study of circulating concentrations of sex hormones, sex hormone precursors and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in relation to subsequent colon cancer risk in European men. Concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in prospectively collected plasma samples from 690 cases and 690 matched controls from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS) cohorts. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In addition, we conducted a meta-analysis of previous studies on men. RESULTS: Circulating levels of testosterone (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.51-0.89) and SHBG (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62-0.96) were inversely associated with colon cancer risk. For free testosterone, there was a nonsignificant inverse association (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.58-1.18). In a dose-response meta-analysis of endogenous sex hormone levels, inverse associations with colorectal/colon cancer risk were found for testosterone (RR per 100 ng/dL = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96-1.00, I2 = 22%) and free testosterone (RR per 10 ng/mL = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.95-1.00, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide suggestive evidence for the association between testosterone, SHBG and male colon cancer development. IMPACT: Additional support for the involvement of sex hormones in male colon cancer.
Tsilidis K, 2022, Circulating inflammatory cytokines and risk of five cancers: a mendelian randomization analysis, BMC Medicine, Vol: 20, ISSN: 1741-7015
Background: Epidemiological and experimental evidence has linked chronic inflammation to cancer etiology. It is unclear whether associations for specific inflammatory biomarkers are causal or due to bias. In order to examine whether altered genetically-predicted concentration of circulating cytokines are associated with cancer development, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Methods: Up to 31,112 individuals of European descent were included in genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses of 47 circulating cytokines. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) robustly associated with the cytokines, located in or close to their coding gene (cis), were used as instrumental variables. Inverse-variance weighted MR was used as the primary analysis, and the MR assumptions were evaluated in sensitivity and colocalization analyses and a false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons was applied. Corresponding germline GWAS summary data for five cancer outcomes (breast, endometrial, lung, ovarian and prostate) and their subtypes were selected from the largest cancer-specific GWASs available (cases ranging from 12 906 for endometrial to 133 384 for breast cancer). Results: There was evidence of inverse associations of macrophage migration inhibitory factor with breast cancer (OR per SD = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.83 to 0.94), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist with endometrial cancer (0.86, 0.80 to 0.93), interleukin-18 with lung cancer (0.87, 0.81 to 0.93), and beta-chemokine-RANTES with ovarian cancer (0.70, 0.57 to 0.85); and positive associations of monokine induced by gamma interferon with endometrial cancer (3.73, 1.86 to 7.47) and cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine with lung cancer (1.51, 1.22 to 1.87). These associations were similar in sensitivity analyses and supported in colocalization analyses. Conclusions: Our study adds to current knowledge on the role of specific inflammatory biomarker pathways in cancer etiology. Further va
Mori N, Keski-Rahkonen P, Gicquiau A, et al., 2021, Endogenous circulating sex hormone concentrations and colon cancer risk in postmenopausal women: a prospective study and meta-analysis, JNCI Cancer Spectrum, Vol: 5, Pages: 1-10, ISSN: 2515-5091
BackgroundObservational studies have consistently reported that postmenopausal hormone therapy use is associated with lower colon cancer risk. However, epidemiological studies examining the associations between circulating concentrations of endogenous estrogens and colorectal cancer have reported inconsistent results.MethodsWe investigated the associations between circulating concentrations of estrone, estradiol, free estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), progesterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with colon cancer risk in a nested case–control study of 1,028 postmenopausal European women (512 colon cancer cases, 516 matched controls) who were non-current users of exogenous hormones at blood collection. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the association between circulating sex hormones and colon cancer risk. We also conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies of circulating estrone and estradiol with colorectal, colon, and rectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women. All statistical tests were 2-sided.ResultsIn the multivariable model, a non-statistically significant positive relationship was found between circulating estrone and colon cancer risk (OR per log2-1 unit increment = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.00–1.38; ORquartile4-quartile1 = 1.33, 95%CI = 0.89–1.97, Ptrend = 0.20). Circulating concentrations of estradiol, free estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA, progesterone, and SHBG were not associated with colon cancer risk. In the dose-response meta-analysis, no clear evidence of associations were found between circulating estradiol, and estrone concentrations with colorectal, colon, and rectal cancer risk.ConclusionOur observational and meta-analysis results do not support an association between circulating concentrations of endogenous sex horm
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