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@article{Ghonim:2017:10.3389/fcvm.2017.00030,
author = {Ghonim, S and Voges, I and Gatehouse, PD and Keegan, J and Gatzoulis, MA and Kilner, PJ and Babu-Narayan, SV},
doi = {10.3389/fcvm.2017.00030},
journal = {Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine},
title = {Myocardial Architecture, Mechanics, and Fibrosis in Congenital Heart Disease},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2017.00030},
volume = {4},
year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common category of birth defect, affecting1% of the population and requiring cardiovascular surgery in the first months of lifein many patients. Due to advances in congenital cardiovascular surgery and patientmanagement, most children with CHD now survive into adulthood. However, residualand postoperative defects are common resulting in abnormal hemodynamics, whichmay interact further with scar formation related to surgical procedures. Cardiovascularmagnetic resonance (CMR) has become an important diagnostic imaging modality inthe long-term management of CHD patients. It is the gold standard technique to assessventricular volumes and systolic function. Besides this, advanced CMR techniques allowthe acquisition of more detailed information about myocardial architecture, ventricularmechanics, and fibrosis. The left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle have unique myocardialarchitecture that underpins their mechanics; however, this becomes disorganized underconditions of volume and pressure overload. CMR diffusion tensor imaging is able tointerrogate non-invasively the principal alignments of microstructures in the left ventricularwall. Myocardial tissue tagging (displacement encoding using stimulated echoes) andfeature tracking are CMR techniques that can be used to examine the deformation andstrain of the myocardium in CHD, whereas 3D feature tracking can assess the twistingmotion of the LV chamber. Late gadolinium enhancement imaging and more recently T1mapping can help in detecting fibrotic myocardial changes and evolve our understandingof the pathophysiology of CHD patients. This review not only gives an overview aboutavailable or emerging CMR techniques for assessing myocardial mechanics and fibrosisbut it also describes their clinical value and how they can be used to detect abnormalitiesin myocardial architecture and mechanics in CHD patients.
AU  - Ghonim,S
AU  - Voges,I
AU  - Gatehouse,PD
AU  - Keegan,J
AU  - Gatzoulis,MA
AU  - Kilner,PJ
AU  - Babu-Narayan,SV
DO  - 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00030
PY  - 2017///
SN  - 2297-055X
TI  - Myocardial Architecture, Mechanics, and Fibrosis in Congenital Heart Disease
T2  - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2017.00030
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/54069
VL  - 4
ER  -

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