Publications
258 results found
Turner P, Stafford A, 2023, Grading the severity of anaphylaxis, Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ISSN: 1473-6322
Turner P, 2023, COFACTORS IN FOOD ANAPHYLAXIS IN ADULTS, Annals of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, ISSN: 1081-1206
Arasi S, Nurmatov U, Dunn-Galvin A, et al., 2023, WAO consensus on DEfinition of Food Allergy SEverity (DEFASE)., World Allergy Organ J, Vol: 16, ISSN: 1939-4551
BACKGROUND: While several scoring systems for the severity of anaphylactic reactions have been developed, there is a lack of consensus on definition and categorisation of severity of food allergy disease as a whole. AIM: To develop an international consensus on the severity of food allergy (DEfinition of Food Allergy Severity, DEFASE) scoring system, to be used globally. METHODS PHASE 1: We conducted a mixed-method systematic review (SR) of 11 databases for published and unpublished literature on severity of food allergy management and set up a panel of international experts. PHASE 2: Based on our findings in Phase 1, we drafted statements for a two-round modified electronic Delphi (e-Delphi) survey. A purposefully selected multidisciplinary international expert panel on food allergy (n = 60) was identified and sent a structured questionnaire, including a set of statements on different domains of food allergy severity related to symptoms, health-related quality of life, and economic impact. Participants were asked to score their agreement on each statement on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree". Median scores and percentage agreements were calculated. Consensus was defined a priori as being achieved if 70% or more of panel members rated a statement as "strongly agree" to "agree" after the second round. Based on feedback, 2 additional online voting rounds were conducted. RESULTS: We received responses from 92% of Delphi panel members in round 1 and 85% in round 2. Consensus was achieved on the overall score and in all of the 5 specific key domains as essential components of the DEFASE score. CONCLUSIONS: The DEFASE score is the first comprehensive grading of food allergy severity that considers not only the severity of a single reaction, but the whole disease spectrum. An international consensus has been achieved regarding a scoring system for food allergy disease. It offers an
Turner P, Patel N, Isaacs E, et al., 2023, Optimal dose of adrenaline auto-injector for children and young people at risk of anaphylaxis: a phase IV randomised controlled crossover study, Allergy, Pages: 1-10, ISSN: 0105-4538
BackgroundGuidelines recommend intramuscular injection of 500 μg adrenaline (epinephrine) for anaphylaxis in teenagers and adults; however, most autoinjectors deliver a maximum 300 μg dose. We evaluated plasma adrenaline levels and cardiovascular parameters (including cardiac output) following self-injection with 300 μg or 500 μg adrenaline in teenagers at risk of anaphylaxis.MethodsSubjects were recruited to a randomized, single-blind two period crossover trial. Participants received all 3 injections (Emerade® 500 μg, Emerade® 300 μg, Epipen® 0.3 mg) on 2 separate visits (allocated in a randomized block design), at least 28 days apart. Intramuscular injection was confirmed by ultrasound, and heart rate/stroke volume assessed using continuous monitoring. The trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03366298).ResultsTwelve participants (58% male, median 15.4 years) participated; all completed the study. 500 μg injection resulted in a higher and more prolonged peak concentration (p = 0.01) and greater Area-Under-Curve for plasma adrenaline (p < 0.05) compared to 300 μg, with no difference in adverse events. Adrenaline caused a significant increase in heart rate irrespective of dose and device. Unexpectedly, 300 μg adrenaline resulted in a significant increase in stroke volume when delivered with Emerade®, but a negative inotropic effect with Epipen® (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese data support a 500 μg dose of adrenaline to treat anaphylaxis in individuals >40 kg in the community. The contrasting effects on stroke volume between Epipen® and Emerade®, despite similar peak plasma adrenaline levels, are unexpected. There is an urgent need to better understand differences in pharmacodynamics following adrenaline administration by autoinjector. In the meantime, we recommend adrenaline injection
Turner P, 2023, Who needs epinephrine? Anaphylaxis, auto-injectors, and parachutes, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, ISSN: 2213-2201
Foong R-X, Patel NB, Turner P, et al., 2023, Preventing food allergy fatalities, ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD, ISSN: 0003-9888
Ratcliffe H, Tiley KS, Andrews N, et al., 2023, Community seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents in England, 2019–2021, Archives of Disease in Childhood, Vol: 108, Pages: 123-130, ISSN: 0003-9888
Objective To understand community seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents. This is vital to understanding the susceptibility of this cohort to COVID-19 and to inform public health policy for disease control such as immunisation.Design We conducted a community-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study in participants aged 0–18 years old recruiting from seven regions in England between October 2019 and June 2021 and collecting extensive demographic and symptom data. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins using Roche assays processed at UK Health Security Agency laboratories. Prevalence estimates were calculated for six time periods and were standardised by age group, ethnicity and National Health Service region.Results Post-first wave (June–August 2020), the (anti-spike IgG) adjusted seroprevalence was 5.2%, varying from 0.9% (participants 10–14 years old) to 9.5% (participants 5–9 years old). By April–June 2021, this had increased to 19.9%, varying from 13.9% (participants 0–4 years old) to 32.7% (participants 15–18 years old). Minority ethnic groups had higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity than white participants (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.0), after adjusting for sex, age, region, time period, deprivation and urban/rural geography. In children <10 years, there were no symptoms or symptom clusters that reliably predicted seropositivity. Overall, 48% of seropositive participants with complete questionnaire data recalled no symptoms between February 2020 and their study visit.Conclusions Approximately one-third of participants aged 15–18 years old had evidence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 prior to the introduction of widespread vaccination. These data demonstrate that ethnic background is independently associated with risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.Trial registration number NCT0
Anagnostou KA, Lieberman JA, Greenhawt M, et al., 2023, The Future of Food Allergy: Challenging Existing Paradigms of Clinical Practice.
<jats:p id="p1">The field of food allergy has seen tremendous change over the past 5-10years with seminal studies redefining our approach to prevention andmanagement and novel testing modalities in the horizon. Earlyintroduction of allergenic foods is now recommended, challenging theprevious paradigm of restrictive avoidance. The management of foodallergy has shifted from a passive avoidance approach to activeinterventions that aim to provide protection from accidental exposures,decrease allergic reaction severity and improve the quality of life offood-allergic patients and their families. Additionally, noveldiagnostic tools are making their way into the clinical practice withthe goal to reduce the need for food challenges and assist physicians inthe – often complex – diagnostic process. With all the newdevelopments and available choices for diagnosis, prevention andtherapy, shared decision-making has become a key part of the medicalconsultation, enabling patients to make the right choice for them, basedon their values and preferences. Communication with patients has alsobecome more complex over time, as patients are seeking advice online andthrough social media, but the information found online may be outdated,incorrect, or lacking in context. The role of the allergist has evolvedto embrace all the above exciting developments and provide patients withthe optimal care that fits their needs. In this review, we discussrecent developments, as well as the evolution of the field of foodallergy in the next decade.</jats:p>
Turner P, Patel N, Blumchen K, et al., 2023, Impact of using less objective symptoms to define tolerated dose during food challenges: a data-driven approach, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ISSN: 0091-6749
Background:Food challenges (FCs) form the basis for assessing efficacy outcomes in interventional studies of food allergy; however, different studies have used a variety of similar but not identical criteria to define a challenge reaction, including subjective (nonobjective) symptoms occurring in a single-organ system as dose limiting.Objective:Our aim was to undertake a secondary analysis of 4 interventional studies to assess the impact of using less objective criteria to determine challenge-stop on reaction thresholds and their reproducibility.Methods:We analyzed individual participant data, including individual participant data meta-analysis, by using 3 different published challenge-stop criteria: (1) PRACTALL consesus criteria; (2) Consortium for Food Allergy Research version 3 (CoFAR v3) with at least 1 moderate- or severe-grade symptom; or (3) CoFAR v3 with at least 2 mild symptoms occurring in different organ systems. Reproducibility of challenge threshold was also assessed in participants undergoing subsequent repeat FCs.Results:Four studies, with detailed challenge data from a total of 592 participants, were included. Applying CoFAR v3 definitions for dose-limiting symptoms resulted in an underestimate of reaction thresholds compared with those in PRACTALL (P < .001) that is equivalent to almost a single dosing increment when using a semi-log dosing regimen. Reproducibility was also reduced when applying CoFAR v3 (P < .001 [n = 223]). Using the least conservative interpretation of CoFAR v3 (≥2 mild symptoms occurring in different systems) resulted in a significant overestimate of 15% when assessing oral immunotherapy efficacy. Applying a data-driven minor modification to CoFAR v3 resulted in a new set of challenge-stop criteria with validity similar to that of PRACTALL but one that is simpler to implement and in which significant gastrointestinal discomfort with observable decreased activity remains a dose-limiting symptom.Conclusion:The use of les
Turner PJ, Tang MLK, Wood RA, 2023, Food Allergy and Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases-The Next 10 Years., J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, Vol: 11, Pages: 72-78
The first report of food allergy desensitization was in 1908, at least a few years before the first published description of a diagnostic test for food allergy. It has taken almost 100 years for food allergy to move from passive management of avoidance to a more proactive approach including prevention and treatment. In parallel, this has been matched by recognition of eosinophil gastrointestinal diseases, which were first described in the 1980s (although eosinophilic esophagitis was itself described in 1978). As we celebrate 10 years of The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, we take the opportunity to look into the future and speculate how our practice may develop over the next decade.
Rijavec M, Maver A, Turner PJJ, et al., 2022, Integrative transcriptomic analysis in human and mouse model of anaphylaxis identifies gene signatures associated with cell movement, migration and neuroinflammatory signalling, Frontiers in Immunology, Vol: 13, ISSN: 1664-3224
Background: Anaphylaxis is an acute life-threatening allergic reaction and a concern at a global level; therefore, further progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms and more effective strategies for diagnosis, prevention and management are needed.Objective: We sought to identify the global architecture of blood transcriptomic features of anaphylaxis by integrating expression data from human patients and mouse model of anaphylaxis.Methods: Bulk RNA-sequencings of peripheral whole blood were performed in: i) 14 emergency department (ED) patients with acute anaphylaxis, predominantly to Hymenoptera venom, ii) 11 patients with peanut allergy undergoing double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) to peanut, iii) murine model of IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Integrative characterisation of differential gene expression, immune cell-type-specific gene expression profiles, and functional and pathway analysis was undertaken.Results: 1023 genes were commonly and significantly dysregulated during anaphylaxis in ED and DBPCFC patients; of those genes, 29 were also dysregulated in the mouse model. Cell-type-specific gene expression profiles showed a rapid downregulation of blood basophil and upregulation of neutrophil signature in ED and DBPCFC patients and the mouse model, but no consistent and/or significant differences were found for other blood cells. Functional and pathway analysis demonstrated that human and mouse blood transcriptomic signatures of anaphylaxis follow trajectories of upregulation of cell movement, migration and neuroinflammatory signalling, and downregulation of lipid activating nuclear receptors signalling.Conclusion: Our study highlights the matched and extensive blood transcriptomic changes and suggests the involvement of discrete cellular components and upregulation of migration and neuroinflammatory pathways during anaphylaxis.
Mack DP, Greenhawt M, Turner P, et al., 2022, Information needs of patients considering oral immunotherapy for food allergy, Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Vol: 52, Pages: 1391-1402, ISSN: 0954-7894
While the historic management of food allergy includes avoidance strategies and allergic reaction treatment, oral immunotherapy (OIT) approaches have become more commonly integrated into therapeutic approaches. International guidelines, phase 3 trials and real-world experience have supported the implementation of this procedure. However, OIT is an elective, rarely curative procedure with inherent risks that necessitates an increased degree of health literacy for the patients and families. Families assume the responsibility of amateur health care providers to ensure the daily safe administration of the allergenic food. As such, it is incumbent upon physicians to ensure that families are prepared for this role. A thorough educational and shared decision-making approach is necessary during the counseling and consent process to adequately inform the families. Educated discussion about the efficacy and patient-centred effectiveness, therapeutic alternatives, and family goals is required to align physician and patient expectations. A frank discussion about the struggles, practical challenges, risks and contraindications can help to develop an understanding of the risk mitigation strategies employed to maintain safety. Physicians should develop a proactive approach to educate families about this, at times, burdensome procedure. This educational approach should encourage ongoing support starting prior to consent through the maintenance visits. By preparing families for their unique management role, physicians can help ensure the safe and successful integration of OIT into the therapeutic offering for the management of food allergies.
Gold MS, Amarasinghe A, Greenhawt M, et al., 2022, Anaphylaxis: Revision of the Brighton collaboration case definition, Vaccine, ISSN: 0264-410X
The Brighton Collaboration (BC) has formulated a number of case definitions which have primarily been applied to adverse events of special interest in the context of vaccine safety surveillance. This is a revision of the 2007 BC case definition for anaphylaxis. Recently, the BC definition has been widely used for evaluating reports of suspected anaphylaxis following COVID-19 vaccination. This has led to debate about the performance of the BC definition in comparison with those from the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy Anaphylaxis Network (NIAID/FAAN) and the World Allergy Organization (WAO). BC convened an expert working group to revise the case definition based on their usual process of literature review and expert consensus. This manuscript presents the outcome of this process and proposes a revised case definition for anaphylaxis. Major and minor criteria have been re-evaluated with an emphasis on the reporting of observable clinical signs, rather than subjective symptoms, and a clearer approach to the ascertainment of levels of certainty is provided. The BC case definition has also been aligned with other contemporary and international case definitions for anaphylaxis.
Turner PJ, Patel N, Campbell DE, et al., 2022, Reproducibility of food challenge to cow’s milk: a systematic review with individual participant data meta-analysis, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vol: 150, Pages: 1135-1143.e8, ISSN: 0091-6749
Background: Cow’s milk (CM) is an increasingly common cause of severe allergic reactions, but there is uncertainty with respect to severity of reactions at low level CM exposure, as well as the reproducibility of reaction thresholds. Objective: To undertake an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of studies reporting double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) in CM, to determine the rate of anaphylaxis to low level exposures and the reproducibility of reaction thresholds. Methods: Systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of studies reporting relevant data. Authors were contacted to provide additional data and/or clarifications as needed. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Institute for Clinical Excellence methodological checklists. Results: 34 studies were included, representing data from over 1000 participants. The cumulative ED01 and ED05 (cumulative doses causing objective symptoms in 1% and 5% of the at-risk allergic population) were 0.3 (95%CI 0.2-0.5) and 2.9 (95%CI 1.6-5.4) mg, respectively. At meta-analysis, 4.8% (95%CI 2.0-10.9%) and 4.8% (95%CI 0.7-27.1%) of individuals reacting to ≤5mg and ≤0.5mg of CM protein (respectively) had anaphylaxis (minimal heterogeneity,I2 =0%). 110 individuals subsequently underwent a repeat DBPCFC: the intra-individual variation in reaction threshold was limited to a ½-log change in 80% (95%CI 65-89%) of participants. Two individuals initially tolerated 5mg CM protein but then reacted to this dose at a subsequent challenge, although neither had anaphylaxis. Conclusions: Around 5% of CM-allergic individuals reacting to an ED01 or ED05 exposure might have anaphylaxis to that dose. This equates to 5 and 24 anaphylaxis events per 10,000 patients exposed to an ED01 or ED05 dose respectively, in the broader CM-allergic population. The vast majority of these anaphylactic reactions would be at the more mild end of the spectrum of anaphylaxis severity
Turner PJ, Tang M, 2022, UK paediatric allergy services: A glass half full?, CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Vol: 52, Pages: 1241-1243, ISSN: 0954-7894
Shaw RH, Liu X, Stuart ASV, et al., 2022, Effect of priming interval on reactogenicity, peak immunological response, and waning after homologous and heterologous COVID-19 vaccine schedules: exploratory analyses of Com-COV, a randomised control trial, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Vol: 10, Pages: 1049-1060, ISSN: 2213-2600
BACKGROUND: Priming COVID-19 vaccine schedules have been deployed at variable intervals globally, which might influence immune persistence and the relative importance of third-dose booster programmes. Here, we report exploratory analyses from the Com-COV trial, assessing the effect of 4-week versus 12-week priming intervals on reactogenicity and the persistence of immune response up to 6 months after homologous and heterologous priming schedules using the vaccines BNT162b2 (tozinameran, Pfizer/BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca). METHODS: Com-COV was a participant-masked, randomised immunogenicity trial. For these exploratory analyses, we used the trial's general cohort, in which adults aged 50 years or older were randomly assigned to four homologous and four heterologous vaccine schedules using BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 with 4-week or 12-week priming intervals (eight groups in total). Immunogenicity analyses were done on the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, comprising participants with no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection at baseline or for the trial duration, to assess the effect of priming interval on humoral and cellular immune response 28 days and 6 months post-second dose, in addition to the effects on reactogenicity and safety. The Com-COV trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, 69254139 (EudraCT 2020-005085-33). FINDINGS: Between Feb 11 and 26, 2021, 730 participants were randomly assigned in the general cohort, with 77-89 per group in the ITT analysis. At 28 days and 6 months post-second dose, the geometric mean concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG was significantly higher in the 12-week interval groups than in the 4-week groups for homologous schedules. In heterologous schedule groups, we observed a significant difference between intervals only for the BNT162b2-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group at 28 days. Pseudotyped virus neutralisation titres were significantly higher in all 12-week interval groups versus 4-week groups, 28 days post-second
Turner PJ, Patel N, Mäkelä MJ, et al., 2022, Improving the reporting of allergic adverse events during immunotherapy for food allergy., J Allergy Clin Immunol, Vol: 150, Pages: 1242-1244
Suprun M, Kearney P, Butler H, et al., 2022, Predicting probability of tolerating discrete amounts of peanut protein in allergic children using epitope-specific IgE antibody profiling, Allergy, Vol: 77, Pages: 3061-3069, ISSN: 0105-4538
Background: IgE-epitope profiling can accurately diagnose clinical peanut allergy. Objective: We sought to determine whether sequential (linear) epitope-specific IgE (ses-IgE) profiling can provide probabilities of tolerating discrete doses of peanut protein in allergic subjects undergoing double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges utilizing PRACTALL dosing.Methods: 64 ses-IgE antibodies were quantified in blood samples using a bead-based epitope assay. A pair of ses-IgEs that predicts Cumulative Tolerated Dose (CTD) was determined using regression in 75 subjects from the discovery cohort. This epitope-based predictor was validated on 331 subjects from five independent cohorts (ages 4-25 years). Subjects were grouped based on their predicted values and probabilities of reactions at each CTD threshold were calculated. Results: In discovery, an algorithm using two ses-IgE antibodies was correlated with CTDs (rho=0.61, p<0.05); this correlation was 0.51 (p<0.05) in validation. Using the ses-IgE-based predictor, subjects were assigned into “high”, “moderate”, or “low” dose reactivity groups. On average, subjects in the “high” group were 4 times more likely to tolerate a specific dose, compared to the “low” group. For example, predicted probabilities of tolerating 4, 14, 44 and 144 or 444mg in the “low” group were 92%, 77%, 53%, 29% and 10% compared to 98%, 95%, 94%, 88% and 73% in the “high” group. Conclusions: Accurate predictions of food challenge thresholds are complex due to factors including limited responder sample sizes at each dose and variations in study-specific challenge protocols. Despite these limitations, an epitope-based predictor was able to accurately identify CTDs and may provide a useful surrogate for peanut challenges.
Turner PJ, Gretzinger M, Patel N, et al., 2022, Updated threshold dose-distribution data for sesame, Allergy, Vol: 77, Pages: 3124-3162, ISSN: 0105-4538
Muraro A, de Silva D, Halken S, et al., 2022, Managing food allergy: GA2LEN guideline 2022, The World Allergy Organization Journal, Vol: 15, ISSN: 1939-4551
Food allergy affects approximately 2-4% of children and adults. This guideline provides recommendations for managing food allergy from the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN). A multidisciplinary international Task Force developed the guideline using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II framework and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. We reviewed the latest available evidence as of April 2021 (161 studies) and created recommendations by balancing benefits, harms, feasibility, and patient and clinician experiences. We suggest that people diagnosed with food allergy avoid triggering allergens (low certainty evidence). We suggest that infants with cow's milk allergy who need a breastmilk alternative use either hypoallergenic extensively hydrolyzed cow's milk formula or an amino acid-based formula (moderate certainty). For selected children with peanut allergy, we recommend oral immunotherapy (high certainty), though epicutaneous immunotherapy might be considered depending on individual preferences and availability (moderate certainty). We suggest considering oral immunotherapy for children with persistent severe hen's egg or cow's milk allergy (moderate certainty). There are significant gaps in evidence about safety and effectiveness of the various strategies. Research is needed to determine the best approaches to education, how to predict the risk of severe reactions, whether immunotherapy is cost-effective and whether biological therapies are effective alone or combined with allergen immunotherapy.
Turner P, 2022, Updated full range of Eliciting Dose values for Cow’s Milk for use in food allergen risk assessment, Food and Chemical Toxicology, Vol: 168, ISSN: 0278-6915
Access to Eliciting Doses (ED) for allergens enables advanced food allergen risk assessment. Previously, the full ED range for 14 allergenic foods, including milk, and recommendations for their use were provided (Houben et al. 2020). Additional food challenge studies with cow’s milk-allergic patients added 247 data points to the original dataset. Using the Stacked Model Averaging statistical method for interval-censored data on the 697 individual NOAELs and LOAELs for milk generated an updated full ED distribution. The ED01 and ED05, the doses at which 1% and 5% of the milk-allergic population would be predicted to experience any objective allergic reaction, were 0.3 and 3.2 mg milk protein for the discrete and 0.4 mg and 4.3 mg milk protein for the cumulative dose distribution, respectively. These values are slightly higher but remain within the 95% confidence interval ofpreviously published EDs. We recommend using the updated EDs for future characterization of risks of exposure of milk-allergic individuals to milk protein. This paper contributes to the discussion on the Reference Dose for milk in the recent Ad hoc Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Food Allergens. It will also benefit harmonization of food allergen risk assessment and risk management globally.
Turner PJ, Makwana N, Roberts G, et al., 2022, NICE and easy? Ensuring equitable access to NICE-approved treatments in children and young people, Archives of Disease in Childhood, Vol: 107, Pages: 778-779, ISSN: 0003-9888
Turner PJ, 2022, Is allergen absorption a key determi- nant of severity in food-induced reactions?, JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE, Vol: 150, Pages: 489-489, ISSN: 2213-2198
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Whyte AF, Soar J, Dodd A, et al., 2022, Emergency treatment of anaphylaxis: concise clinical guidance., Clinical medicine (London, England), Vol: 22, Pages: 332-339, ISSN: 1470-2118
Anaphylaxis is a serious systemic hypersensitivity reaction that is usually rapid in onset and may cause death. It is characterised by the rapid development of airway and/or breathing and/or circulation problems. Intramuscular adrenaline is the most important treatment, although, even in healthcare settings, many patients do not receive this intervention contrary to guidelines. The Resuscitation Council UK published an updated guideline in 2021 with some significant changes in recognition, management, observation and follow-up of patients with anaphylaxis. This is a concise version of the updated guideline.
Dhar A, Haboubi HN, Attwood SE, et al., 2022, British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (BSPGHAN) joint consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of eosinophilic oesophagitis in children and adults, Gut, Vol: 71, Pages: 1459-1487, ISSN: 0017-5749
Background: Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is an increasingly common cause of dysphagia in both children and adults, as well as one of the most prevalent oesophageal diseases with a significant impact on physical health and quality of life. We have provided a single comprehensive guideline for both paediatric and adult gastroenterologists on current best practice for the evaluation and management of EoE.Methods: The Oesophageal Section of the British Society of Gastroenterology was commissioned by the Clinical Standards Service Committee to develop these guidelines. The Guideline Development Group included adult and paediatric gastroenterologists, surgeons, dietitians, allergists, pathologists and patient representatives. The Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcomes process was used to generate questions for a systematic review of the evidence. Published evidence was reviewed and updated to June 2021. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to assess the evidence and make recommendations. Two rounds of voting were held to assess the level of agreement and the strength of recommendations, with 80% consensus required for acceptance.Results: Fifty-seven statements on EoE presentation, diagnosis, investigation, management and complications were produced with further statements created on areas for future research.Conclusions: These comprehensive adult and paediatric guidelines of the British Society of Gastroenterology and British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition are based on evidence and expert consensus from a multidisciplinary group of healthcare professionals, including patient advocates and patient support groups, to help clinicians with the management patients with EoE and its complications.
Turner PJ, Patel N, Rodriguez del Rio P, 2022, Clarifying the categorization of anaphylaxis as an adverse event during oral immunotherapy, JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: 150, Pages: 229-230, ISSN: 0091-6749
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Panwar K, Godi A, Cocuzza CE, et al., 2022, Multiplex Human Papillomavirus L1L2 virus-like particle antibody binding assay, MethodsX, Vol: 9, Pages: 1-11, ISSN: 2215-0161
A variety of in vitro techniques are available to estimate the level of antibodies present in human serum samples. Such tests are highly specific and are used to determine prior exposure to a pathogen or to estimate the magnitude, breadth and durability of individual and population level vaccine immunity. Multiplex (or multi-analyte) platforms are increasingly being used to evaluate immune responses against multiple antigens at the same time, usually at reduced per sample cost and a more efficient use of available samples. Consequently, multiplex serology is an essential component of a wide range of public health programmes. Human papillomavirus (HPV) serology is limited to a small number of academic, public health and vaccine manufacturer laboratories globally. Such platforms include indirect binding to the major (L1) capsid protein virus-like particles (VLP), monoclonal antibody competition against L1 VLP and indirect binding to L1 and L2 (minor capsid protein) VLP on multiplex (Luminex®, Meso Scale Discovery®) and standard (ELISA) platforms. The methodology described here utilizes a common multi-analyte platform and L1L2-based VLP expressed in house, which allows the simultaneous detection and quantification of antibody responses against nine vaccine-relevant HPV genotypes.
Shaker M, Turner PJ, Greenhawt M, 2022, Reply to "Food allergy: One more book rather than one less pen'', JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE, Vol: 10, Pages: 1670-1671, ISSN: 2213-2198
Turner PJ, 2022, Mechanisms of Anaphylaxis, Publisher: WILEY, Pages: S87-S88, ISSN: 8755-6863
Turner PJ, Baumert JL, Beyer K, et al., 2022, “Too high, too low”: the complexities of using thresholds in isolation to inform precautionary allergen (“may contain”) labels, Allergy, Vol: 77, Pages: 1661-1666, ISSN: 0105-4538
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