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@article{Ratcliffe:2023:10.1136/archdischild-2022-324375,
author = {Ratcliffe, H and Tiley, KS and Andrews, N and Amirthalingam, G and Vichos, I and Morey, E and Douglas, NL and Marinou, S and Plested, E and Aley, P and Galiza, EP and Faust, SN and Hughes, S and Murray, CS and Roderick, M and Shackley, F and Oddie, SJ and Lees, T and Turner, DPJ and Raman, M and Owens, S and Turner, P and Cockerill, H and Lopez, Bernal J and Linley, E and Borrow, R and Brown, K and Ramsay, ME and Voysey, M and Snape, MD},
doi = {10.1136/archdischild-2022-324375},
journal = {Archives of Disease in Childhood},
pages = {123--130},
title = {Community seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents in England, 2019–2021},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-324375},
volume = {108},
year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Objective To understand community seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents. This is vital to understanding the susceptibility of this cohort to COVID-19 and to inform public health policy for disease control such as immunisation.Design We conducted a community-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study in participants aged 0–18 years old recruiting from seven regions in England between October 2019 and June 2021 and collecting extensive demographic and symptom data. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins using Roche assays processed at UK Health Security Agency laboratories. Prevalence estimates were calculated for six time periods and were standardised by age group, ethnicity and National Health Service region.Results Post-first wave (June–August 2020), the (anti-spike IgG) adjusted seroprevalence was 5.2%, varying from 0.9% (participants 10–14 years old) to 9.5% (participants 5–9 years old). By April–June 2021, this had increased to 19.9%, varying from 13.9% (participants 0–4 years old) to 32.7% (participants 15–18 years old). Minority ethnic groups had higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity than white participants (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.0), after adjusting for sex, age, region, time period, deprivation and urban/rural geography. In children <10 years, there were no symptoms or symptom clusters that reliably predicted seropositivity. Overall, 48% of seropositive participants with complete questionnaire data recalled no symptoms between February 2020 and their study visit.Conclusions Approximately one-third of participants aged 15–18 years old had evidence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 prior to the introduction of widespread vaccination. These data demonstrate that ethnic background is independently associated with risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.Trial registration number NCT0
AU  - Ratcliffe,H
AU  - Tiley,KS
AU  - Andrews,N
AU  - Amirthalingam,G
AU  - Vichos,I
AU  - Morey,E
AU  - Douglas,NL
AU  - Marinou,S
AU  - Plested,E
AU  - Aley,P
AU  - Galiza,EP
AU  - Faust,SN
AU  - Hughes,S
AU  - Murray,CS
AU  - Roderick,M
AU  - Shackley,F
AU  - Oddie,SJ
AU  - Lees,T
AU  - Turner,DPJ
AU  - Raman,M
AU  - Owens,S
AU  - Turner,P
AU  - Cockerill,H
AU  - Lopez,Bernal J
AU  - Linley,E
AU  - Borrow,R
AU  - Brown,K
AU  - Ramsay,ME
AU  - Voysey,M
AU  - Snape,MD
DO  - 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324375
EP  - 130
PY  - 2023///
SN  - 0003-9888
SP  - 123
TI  - Community seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents in England, 2019–2021
T2  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-324375
UR  - https://adc.bmj.com/content/early/2022/07/20/archdischild-2022-324375
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/98477
VL  - 108
ER  -

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