Publications
394 results found
Arber N, Shah PL, Assoumou L, et al., 2023, Clinical outcomes by supplemental oxygen use in remdesivir-treated, hospitalised adults with COVID-19., Infect Dis Now, Vol: 53
BACKGROUND: Clinical trials show different effects of remdesivir on clinical outcomes relative to COVID-19 severity at hospital admission; in Europe, there are few real-world data. METHODS: A multicentre, multinational retrospective cohort study in adult patients hospitalised with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 was conducted to understand remdesivir clinical use in different countries and to describe outcomes for patients receiving remdesivir stratified by oxygen use. Primary endpoints were all-cause mortality at day 28 and hospitalisation duration. Patients were categorised by baseline disease severity: no supplemental oxygen (NSO); low flow oxygen ≤ 6 litres (l)/minute (LFO); high flow oxygen > 6 l/minute (HFO). RESULTS: Four hundred and forty-eight (448) patients (72 [16.1%] HFO; 295 [65.8%] LFO; 81 (18.1%] NSO) were included; median age was 65 years and 64% were male. Mortality was higher in patients on HFO (rate 23.6%) compared to LFO (10.2%; p = 0.001) or NSO (6.2%; p = 0.002). Duration of hospitalisation was longer in patients on HFO (13 days) compared to LFO (9 days; p = 0.003) and NSO (9 days; p = 0.021). Patients who initiated remdesivir ≥ 2 days compared to within a day of hospitalisation had a 4.2 times higher risk of death, irrespective of age, sex, comorbidities, and oxygen support at baseline. Requirement for mechanical ventilation/ECMO and readmission within 28 days of discharge was similar across groups. Remdesivir use and outcomes differed by country. CONCLUSIONS: A higher mortality rate and duration of hospitalisation was seen in remdesivir-treated COVID-19 patients on HFO compared to LFO and NSO. Initiation of remdesivir upon admission as opposed to delayed initiation has a mortality benefit. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT04847622.
Saccente-Kennedy B, Szczepanska A, Harrison J, et al., 2023, Mitigation of Respirable Aerosol Particles from Speech and Language Therapy Exercises., J Voice
INTRODUCTION: Phonation and speech are known sources of respirable aerosol in humans. Voice assessment and treatment manipulate all the subsystems of voice production, and previous work (Saccente-Kennedy et al., 2022) has demonstrated such activities can generate >10 times more aerosol than conversational speech and 30 times more aerosol than breathing. Aspects of voice therapy may therefore be considered aerosol generating procedures and pose a greater risk of potential airborne pathogen (eg, SARS-CoV-2) transmission than typical speech. Effective mitigation measures may be required to ensure safe service delivery for therapist and patient. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures in reducing detectable respirable aerosol produced by voice assessment/therapy. METHODS: We recruited 15 healthy participants (8 cis-males, 7 cis-females), 9 of whom were voice-specialist speech-language pathologists. Optical Particle Sizers (OPS) (Model 3330, TSI) were used to measure the number concentration of respirable aerosol particles (0.3 µm-10 µm) generated during a selection of voice assessment/therapy tasks, both with and without mitigation measures in place. Measurements were performed in a laminar flow operating theatre, with near-zero background aerosol concentration, allowing us to quantify the number concentration of respiratory aerosol particles produced. Mitigation measures included the wearing of Type IIR fluid resistant surgical masks, wrapping the same masks around the end of straws, and the use of heat and moisture exchange microbiological filters (HMEFs) for a water resistance therapy (WRT) task. RESULTS: All unmitigated therapy tasks produced more aerosol than unmasked breathing or speaking. Mitigation strategies reduced detectable aerosol from all tasks to a level significantly below, or no different to, that of unmasked breathing. Pooled filtration efficiencies determined that Type IIR surgical masks reduced detectable aerosol
RECOVERY Collaborative Group, 2023, Higher dose corticosteroids in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 who are hypoxic but not requiring ventilatory support (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial, The Lancet, Vol: 401, Pages: 1499-1507, ISSN: 0140-6736
BACKGROUND: Low-dose corticosteroids have been shown to reduce mortality for patients with COVID-19 requiring oxygen or ventilatory support (non-invasive mechanical ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). We evaluated the use of a higher dose of corticosteroids in this patient group. METHODS: This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing multiple possible treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19. Eligible and consenting adult patients with clinical evidence of hypoxia (ie, receiving oxygen or with oxygen saturation <92% on room air) were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual care with higher dose corticosteroids (dexamethasone 20 mg once daily for 5 days followed by 10 mg dexamethasone once daily for 5 days or until discharge if sooner) or usual standard of care alone (which included dexamethasone 6 mg once daily for 10 days or until discharge if sooner). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality among all randomised participants. On May 11, 2022, the independent data monitoring committee recommended stopping recruitment of patients receiving no oxygen or simple oxygen only due to safety concerns. We report the results for these participants only. Recruitment of patients receiving ventilatory support is ongoing. The RECOVERY trial is registered with ISRCTN (50189673) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04381936). FINDINGS: Between May 25, 2021, and May 13, 2022, 1272 patients with COVID-19 and hypoxia receiving no oxygen (eight [1%]) or simple oxygen only (1264 [99%]) were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus higher dose corticosteroids (659 patients) versus usual care alone (613 patients, of whom 87% received low-dose corticosteroids during the follow-up period). Of those randomly assigned, 745 (59%) were in Asia, 512 (40%) in the UK, and 15 (1%) in Africa. 248 (19%) had diabetes and 769 (60%) were male. Overall, 123 (19%) of 659
Shah PL, Orton CM, Grinsztejn B, et al., 2023, Favipiravir in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 (PIONEER trial): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised controlled trial of early intervention versus standard care., Lancet Respir Med, Vol: 11, Pages: 415-424
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has overwhelmed health services globally. Oral antiviral therapies are licensed worldwide, but indications and efficacy rates vary. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral favipiravir in patients hospitalised with COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial of oral favipiravir in adult patients who were newly admitted to hospital with proven or suspected COVID-19 across five sites in the UK (n=2), Brazil (n=2) and Mexico (n=1). Using a permuted block design, eligible and consenting participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive oral favipiravir (1800 mg twice daily for 1 day; 800 mg twice daily for 9 days) plus standard care, or standard care alone. All caregivers and patients were aware of allocation and those analysing data were aware of the treatment groups. The prespecified primary outcome was the time from randomisation to recovery, censored at 28 days, which was assessed using an intention-to-treat approach. Post-hoc analyses were used to assess the efficacy of favipiravir in patients aged younger than 60 years, and in patients aged 60 years and older. The trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04373733. FINDINGS: Between May 5, 2020 and May 26, 2021, we assessed 503 patients for eligibility, of whom 499 were randomly assigned to favipiravir and standard care (n=251) or standard care alone (n=248). There was no significant difference between those who received favipiravir and standard care, relative to those who received standard care alone in time to recovery in the overall study population (hazard ratio [HR] 1·06 [95% CI 0·89-1·27]; n=499; p=0·52). Post-hoc analyses showed a faster rate of recovery in patients younger than 60 years who received favipiravir and standard care versus those who had standard care alone (HR 1·35 [1·06-1·72]; n=247; p=0·01). 36 serious adverse events were observed in 27 (11%) of 251 pa
Buttery SC, Banya W, Bilancia R, et al., 2023, Lung volume reduction surgery versus endobronchial valves: a randomised controlled trial, European Respiratory Journal, Vol: 61, Pages: 1-14, ISSN: 0903-1936
BACKGROUND: Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) and bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) with endobronchial valves can improve outcomes in appropriately selected patients with emphysema. However, no direct comparison data exist to inform clinical decision making in people who appear suitable for both procedures. Our aim was to investigate whether LVRS produces superior health outcomes when compared with BLVR at 12 months. METHODS: This multicentre, single-blind, parallel-group trial randomised patients from five UK hospitals, who were suitable for a targeted lung volume reduction procedure, to either LVRS or BLVR and compared outcomes at 1 year using the i-BODE score. This composite disease severity measure includes body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea and exercise capacity (incremental shuttle walk test). The researchers responsible for collecting outcomes were masked to treatment allocation. All outcomes were assessed in the intention-to-treat population. RESULTS: 88 participants (48% female, mean±sd age 64.6±7.7 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s percent predicted 31.0±7.9%) were recruited at five specialist centres across the UK and randomised to either LVRS (n=41) or BLVR (n=47). At 12 months follow-up, the complete i-BODE was available in 49 participants (21 LVRS/28 BLVR). Neither improvement in the i-BODE score (LVRS -1.10±1.44 versus BLVR -0.82±1.61; p=0.54) nor in its individual components differed between groups. Both treatments produced similar improvements in gas trapping (residual volume percent predicted: LVRS -36.1% (95% CI -54.6- -10%) versus BLVR -30.1% (95% CI -53.7- -9%); p=0.81). There was one death in each treatment arm. CONCLUSION: Our findings do not support the hypothesis that LVRS is a substantially superior treatment to BLVR in individuals who are suitable for both treatments.
Jeyin N, Desai SR, Padley SPG, et al., 2023, Dual-energy computed tomographic pulmonary angiography accurately estimates lobar perfusion before lung volume reduction for severe emphysema, Journal of Thoracic Imaging, Vol: 38, Pages: 104-112, ISSN: 0883-5993
PURPOSE: To assess if dual-energy computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (DECTPA) derived lobar iodine quantification can provide an accurate estimate of lobar perfusion in patients with severe emphysema, and offer an adjunct to single-photon emission CT perfusion scintigraphy (SPECT-PS) in assessing suitability for lung volume reduction (LVR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with severe emphysema (forced expiratory volume in 1 s <49% predicted) undergoing evaluation for LVR between May 2018 and April 2020 imaged with both SPECT-PS and DECTPA were included in this retrospective study. DECTPA perfused blood volume maps were automatically segmented and lobar iodine mass was estimated and compared with lobar technetium (Tc99m) distribution acquired with SPECT-PS. Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were used for intermodality comparison between DECTPA and SPECT-PS. Univariate and adjusted multivariate linear regression were modelled to ascertain the effect sizes of possible confounders of disease severity, sex, age, and body mass index on the relationship between lobar iodine and Tc99m values. Effective radiation dose and adverse reactions were recorded. RESULTS: In all, 123 patients (64.5±8.8 y, 71 men; mean predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s 32.1 ±12.7%,) were eligible for inclusion. There was a linear relationship between lobar perfusion values acquired using DECTPA and SPECT-PS with statistical significance (P<0.001). Lobar relative perfusion values acquired using DECTPA and SPECT-PS had a consistent relationship both by linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis (mean bias, -0.01, mean r2 0.64; P<0.0001). Individual lobar comparisons demonstrated moderate correlation (r=0.79, 0.78, 0.84, 0.78, 0.8 for the right upper, middle, lower, left upper, and lower lobes, respectively, P<0.0001). The relationship between lobar iodine and Tc99m values was not significantly altered after controlling for conf
McAuley HJC, Evans RA, Bolton CE, et al., 2023, Prevalence of physical frailty, including risk factors, up to 1 year after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study., EClinicalMedicine, Vol: 57, Pages: 1-13, ISSN: 2589-5370
BACKGROUND: The scale of COVID-19 and its well documented long-term sequelae support a need to understand long-term outcomes including frailty. METHODS: This prospective cohort study recruited adults who had survived hospitalisation with clinically diagnosed COVID-19 across 35 sites in the UK (PHOSP-COVID). The burden of frailty was objectively measured using Fried's Frailty Phenotype (FFP). The primary outcome was the prevalence of each FFP group-robust (no FFP criteria), pre-frail (one or two FFP criteria) and frail (three or more FFP criteria)-at 5 months and 1 year after discharge from hospital. For inclusion in the primary analysis, participants required complete outcome data for three of the five FFP criteria. Longitudinal changes across frailty domains are reported at 5 months and 1 year post-hospitalisation, along with risk factors for frailty status. Patient-perceived recovery and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were retrospectively rated for pre-COVID-19 and prospectively rated at the 5 month and 1 year visits. This study is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN10980107. FINDINGS: Between March 5, 2020, and March 31, 2021, 2419 participants were enrolled with FFP data. Mean age was 57.9 (SD 12.6) years, 933 (38.6%) were female, and 429 (17.7%) had received invasive mechanical ventilation. 1785 had measures at both timepoints, of which 240 (13.4%), 1138 (63.8%) and 407 (22.8%) were frail, pre-frail and robust, respectively, at 5 months compared with 123 (6.9%), 1046 (58.6%) and 616 (34.5%) at 1 year. Factors associated with pre-frailty or frailty were invasive mechanical ventilation, older age, female sex, and greater social deprivation. Frail participants had a larger reduction in HRQoL compared with before their COVID-19 illness and were less likely to describe themselves as recovered. INTERPRETATION: Physical frailty and pre-frailty are common following hospitalisation with COVID-19. Improvement in frailty was seen between 5 and 12 months although
Hartman JE, Herth FJF, Shah P, et al., 2023, Computed tomographic airway morphology after targeted lung denervation treatment in COPD., Respir Med, Vol: 206
This post-hoc analysis of the AIRFLOW-2 trial investigated the changes in airway CT-parameters after targeted lung denervation (TLD) and whether these changes are associated with treatment response. In the treatment group (n = 32), an improvement in air trapping was significantly associated with an improvement in residual volume (RV). Furthermore, improvements in Pi10 and airway lumen were significantly associated with an improvement in both RV and FEV1. Our results could suggest that when improving airway characteristics like decreasing airway wall thickness and increasing the airway lumen, this leads to less air trapping and an improvement in clinical outcomes.
Roodenburg SA, Barends CRM, Krenz G, et al., 2023, Safety and Considerations of the Anaesthetic Management during Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction Treatments., Respiration, Vol: 102, Pages: 55-63
BACKGROUND: Different bronchoscopic lung volume reduction approaches are available for a select group of patients with advanced COPD. General anaesthesia is the recommended method of sedation during these procedures. However, this patient population is at an increased risk of anaesthetic complications, and the best approach to general anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to describe the anaesthetic management techniques used during bronchoscopic lung volume reduction procedures and to investigate the number of anaesthesia-related events. METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected from all endobronchial valve and lung volume reduction coil procedures performed between January 2018 and March 2020 in our hospital. Primary outcomes measures were anaesthetic technique including airway management; ventilation mode and settings; and the incidence of anaesthesia-related events, classified as catastrophic, severe, significant, or moderate. RESULTS: 202 procedures were included. One procedure was performed under procedural sedation, 198 (98%) under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation, and 3 (1.5%) under general anaesthesia with laryngeal mask airway. Volume-controlled ventilation was used in 64% of the procedures and pressure-controlled in 36%. Patients were ventilated with a median respiration rate of 9.9 (IQR: 9.6-10.6) breaths per minute, mean tidal volume of 5.8 ± 1.4 mL/kg, and median inspiratory to expiratory (I:E) ratio of 1:2.8 (IQR: 1:2.1-1:3.2). No catastrophic anaesthesia-related events were observed. Hypotension was the most observed anaesthesia-related event. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the presence of advanced COPD, general anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation are well tolerated by patients undergoing endobronchial valve or lung volume reduction coil treatment. This is presumably strongly linked to the strict selection criteria. Other important considerations are using a low respiratory rate
Harrison J, Saccente-Kennedy B, Orton CM, et al., 2022, Emission rates, size distributions, and generation mechanism of oral respiratory droplets, AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ISSN: 0278-6826
Roodenburg SA, Barends CRM, Krenz G, et al., 2022, Safety and Considerations of the Anaesthetic Management during Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction Treatments, RESPIRATION, Vol: 101, Pages: 697-705, ISSN: 0025-7931
Conway F, Tonkin J, Valipour A, et al., 2022, Crossover Patient Outcomes for Targeted Lung Denervation in Moderate to Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: AIRFLOW-2, RESPIRATION, Vol: 101, Pages: 1069-1074, ISSN: 0025-7931
Srikanthan K, Kistemaker L, Slebos D-J, et al., 2022, Targeted lung denervation modulates the mucosal epithelial transcriptome in COPD, ERJ OPEN RESEARCH, Vol: 8
Gamer JL, Shah PL, 2022, Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction To the Heart of the Matter, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, Vol: 206, Pages: 655-656, ISSN: 1073-449X
Tonkin J, Shah PL, 2022, Sealing the gap in bronchoscopic lung volume reduction, RESPIROLOGY, Vol: 27, Pages: 1012-1014, ISSN: 1323-7799
Orton CM, Tonkin J, Chan L, et al., 2022, Metered Cryospray improves patient-reported outcome measures at 6-months post-treatment, in patients with COPD with chronic bronchitis, in a randomised, sham-controlled trial, Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
Buttery SC, Lewis A, Latimer L, et al., 2022, Comparative Effect of Lung volume reduction surgery for Emphysema and Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with valve placement: the CELEB trial, Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
Tonkin J, Rogers A, Orton CM, et al., 2022, Relating ciliary dysfunction to clinical phenotypes in COPD, Publisher: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD, ISSN: 0903-1936
Zhang YZ, Nicholson AG, Ly F, et al., 2022, Prediction of Clinically Significant Pathological Upstaging in Resected Lung Cancer: Insight from COVID-19 Pandemic (1st wave), Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, Pages: S112-S114, ISSN: 1556-0864
Zhang YZ, Sherlock S, Brambilla C, et al., 2022, Adenocarcinoma Grade Correlates with PD-L1 and TP53, but not EGFR/KRAS Status and Diagnostic Yield: Analysis of 346 Cases, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, Pages: S516-S517, ISSN: 1556-0864
Saccente-Kennedy B, Archer J, Symons HE, et al., 2022, Quantification of Respirable Aerosol Particles from Speech and Language Therapy Exercises., J Voice
INTRODUCTION: Voice assessment and treatment involve the manipulation of all the subsystems of voice production, and may lead to production of respirable aerosol particles that pose a greater risk of potential viral transmission via inhalation of respirable pathogens (eg, SARS-CoV-2) than quiet breathing or conversational speech. OBJECTIVE: To characterise the production of respirable aerosol particles during a selection of voice assessment therapy tasks. METHODS: We recruited 23 healthy adult participants (12 males, 11 females), 11 of whom were speech-language pathologists specialising in voice disorders. We used an aerodynamic and an optical particle sizer to measure the number concentration and particle size distributions of respirable aerosols generated during a variety of voice assessment and therapy tasks. The measurements were carried out in a laminar flow operating theatre, with a near-zero background aerosol concentration, allowing us to quantify the number concentration and size distributions of respirable aerosol particles produced from assessment/therapy tasks studied. RESULTS: Aerosol number concentrations generated while performing assessment/therapy tasks were log-normally distributed among individuals with no significant differences between professionals (speech-language pathologists) and non-professionals or between males and females. Activities produced up to 32 times the aerosol number concentration of breathing and 24 times that of speech at 70-80 dBA. In terms of aerosol mass, activities produced up to 163 times the mass concentration of breathing and up to 36 times the mass concentration of speech. Voicing was a significant factor in aerosol production; aerosol number/mass concentrations generated during the voiced activities were 1.1-5 times higher than their unvoiced counterpart activities. Additionally, voiced activities produced bigger respirable aerosol particles than their unvoiced variants except the trills. Humming generated higher aero
Mercer RM, Mishra E, Banka R, et al., 2022, A randomised controlled trial of intrapleural balloon intercostal chest drains to prevent drain displacement, EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Vol: 60, ISSN: 0903-1936
Conway FM, Bloom CI, Shah PL, 2022, Susceptibility of patients with airways disease to SARS-CoV-2 infection., American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol: 206, Pages: 696-703, ISSN: 1073-449X
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a worldwide pandemic. People with airways disease are at higher risk of respiratory infection, and viruses can trigger respiratory exacerbations. Patients with airways disease may therefore be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, development of covid-19, or be at higher risk of adverse outcomes. Here we review susceptibility, based on current epidemiological studies, and explore biological mechanisms. Evidence from multiple large observational studies has shown chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant risk factor for covid-19 related mortality. Whether people with asthma are more susceptible to infection or severe outcomes has been much debated but appears to be related to their asthma phenotype and severity. To what extent these differences are biological or influenced by public health non-pharmacological interventions is difficult to quantify. Biological mechanisms that may influence susceptibility and adverse outcomes in airways disease include the increased expression of protein receptors enabling viral cell entry, dysfunctional epithelial airway immunity, type-2 inflammation and the use of inhaled corticosteroids. A better understanding of the susceptibility and mechanisms is essential for developing preventative and therapeutic strategies. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Vijayakumar B, Tonkin J, Devaraj A, et al., 2022, CT Lung Abnormalities after COVID-19 at 3 Months and 1 Year after Hospital Discharge, RADIOLOGY, Vol: 303, ISSN: 0033-8419
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Archer J, McCarthy LP, Symons HE, et al., 2022, Comparing aerosol number and mass exhalation rates from children and adults during breathing, speaking and singing, Interface Focus, Vol: 12, Pages: 1-15, ISSN: 2042-8901
Aerosol particles of respirable size are exhaled when individuals breathe, speak and sing and can transmit respiratory pathogens between infected and susceptible individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought into focus the need to improve the quantification of the particle number and mass exhalation rates as one route to provide estimates of viral shedding and the potential risk of transmission of viruses. Most previous studies have reported the number and mass concentrations of aerosol particles in an exhaled plume. We provide a robust assessment of the absolute particle number and mass exhalation rates from measurements of minute ventilation using a non-invasive Vyntus Hans Rudolf mask kit with straps housing a rotating vane spirometer along with measurements of the exhaled particle number concentrations and size distributions. Specifically, we report comparisons of the number and mass exhalation rates for children (12–14 years old) and adults (19–72 years old) when breathing, speaking and singing, which indicate that child and adult cohorts generate similar amounts of aerosol when performing the same activity. Mass exhalation rates are typically 0.002–0.02 ng s−1 from breathing, 0.07–0.2 ng s−1 from speaking (at 70–80 dBA) and 0.1–0.7 ng s−1 from singing (at 70–80 dBA). The aerosol exhalation rate increases with increasing sound volume for both children and adults when both speaking and singing.
Garner JL, Shah PL, 2022, Bronchoscopic approaches to sampling lung nodules: Aiming for the bulls eye, RESPIROLOGY, Vol: 27, Pages: 325-327, ISSN: 1323-7799
Vijayakumar B, Boustani K, Ogger P, et al., 2022, Immuno-proteomic profiling reveals aberrant immune cell regulation in the airways of individuals with ongoing post-COVD-19 respiratory disease, Immunity, Vol: 55, Pages: 542-556.e5, ISSN: 1074-7613
Some patients hospitalized with acute COVID-19 suffer respiratory symptoms that persist for many months. We delineated the immune-proteomic landscape in the airway and peripheral blood of healthy controls and post-COVID-19 patients 3 to 6 months after hospital discharge. Post-COVID-19 patients showed abnormal airway (but not plasma) proteomes, with elevated concentration of proteins associated with apoptosis, tissue repair and epithelial injury versus healthy individuals. Increased numbers of cytotoxic lymphocytes were observed in individuals with greater airway dysfunction, while increased B cell numbers and altered monocyte subsets were associated with more widespread lung abnormalities. 1 year follow-up of some post-COVID-19 patients indicated that these abnormalities resolved over time. In summary, COVID-19 causes a prolonged change to the airway immune landscape in those with persistent lung disease, with evidence of cell death and tissue repair linked to ongoing activation of cytotoxic T cells.
Wijsman PC, Goorsenberg AWM, Ravi A, et al., 2022, Airway Inflammation Before and After Bronchial Thermoplasty in Severe Asthma, JOURNAL OF ASTHMA AND ALLERGY, Vol: 15, Pages: 1783-1794, ISSN: 1178-6965
Taton O, Heinen V, Bondue B, et al., 2022, Long-Term Follow-Up of Intralobar Bullae After Endobronchial Valve Treatment for Emphysema, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, Vol: 17, Pages: 1735-1742, ISSN: 1178-2005
Garner JL, Shah PL, 2022, Endobronchial treatment of severe asthma and severe emphysema with hyperinflation., Curr Opin Pulm Med, Vol: 28, Pages: 52-61
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The field of interventional pulmonology has ushered in a wave of innovations for individuals with obstructive airways disease in whom established medical therapies have failed. Leading the charge are bronchial thermoplasty for severe refractory asthma and uni-directional valves for severe emphysema with hyperinflation: both have received regulatory approvals in the United Kingdom and United States. With the commissioning of these novel treatments comes new challenges relating to implementation, positioning within therapeutic algorithms, honing of patient selection, and establishing long-term safety and benefits beyond 5 years. RECENT FINDINGS: This review summarises the evidence for their safety and efficacy, predictors of therapeutic response, mechanism(s) of action and emerging data supporting the durability of outcomes out to at least ten years. SUMMARY: It is anticipated the experience of treating increasing numbers of patients, the adoption of international registries, and ongoing research evaluations will serve to optimise these therapies for future generations of patients.
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