Publications
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Hurst EA, Mellanby RJ, Handel I, et al., 2021, Vitamin D insufficiency in COVID-19 and influenza A, and critical illness survivors: a cross-sectional study, BMJ Open, Vol: 11, Pages: 1-11, ISSN: 2044-6055
Objectives The steroid hormone vitamin D has roles in immunomodulation and bone health. Insufficiency is associated with susceptibility to respiratory infections. We report 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) measurements in hospitalised people with COVID-19 and influenza A and in survivors of critical illness to test the hypotheses that vitamin D insufficiency scales with illness severity and persists in survivors.Design Cross-sectional study.Setting and participants Plasma was obtained from 295 hospitalised people with COVID-19 (International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC)/WHO Clinical Characterization Protocol for Severe Emerging Infections UK study), 93 with influenza A (Mechanisms of Severe Acute Influenza Consortium (MOSAIC) study, during the 2009–2010 H1N1 pandemic) and 139 survivors of non-selected critical illness (prior to the COVID-19 pandemic). Total 25(OH)D was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Free 25(OH)D was measured by ELISA in COVID-19 samples.Outcome measures Receipt of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and in-hospital mortality.Results Vitamin D insufficiency (total 25(OH)D 25–50 nmol/L) and deficiency (<25 nmol/L) were prevalent in COVID-19 (29.3% and 44.4%, respectively), influenza A (47.3% and 37.6%) and critical illness survivors (30.2% and 56.8%). In COVID-19 and influenza A, total 25(OH)D measured early in illness was lower in patients who received IMV (19.6 vs 31.9 nmol/L (p<0.0001) and 22.9 vs 31.1 nmol/L (p=0.0009), respectively). In COVID-19, biologically active free 25(OH)D correlated with total 25(OH)D and was lower in patients who received IMV, but was not associated with selected circulating inflammatory mediators.Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency was present in majority of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 or influenza A and correlated with severity and persisted in critical illness survivors at
Tridente A, Clarke GM, Walden A, et al., 2015, Association between trends in clinical variables and outcome in intensive care patients with faecal peritonitis: analysis of the GenOSept cohort., Critical Care, Vol: 19, ISSN: 1364-8535
INTRODUCTION: Patients admitted to intensive care following surgery for faecal peritonitis present particular challenges in terms of clinical management and risk assessment. Collaborating surgical and intensive care teams need shared perspectives on prognosis. We aimed to determine the relationship between dynamic assessment of trends in selected variables and outcomes. METHODS: We analysed trends in physiological and laboratory variables during the first week of ICU stay in 977 patients from 102 centres across 16 European countries. The primary outcome was 6-month mortality. Secondary end-points were ICU, hospital and 28 day mortality. For each trend, Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression analyses, adjusted for age and gender, were performed for each endpoint. Trends remaining significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing were entered into a multivariate Cox PH model to determine independent associations with mortality. RESULTS: Trends over the first 7 days ICU stay independently associated with 6 month mortality were worsening thrombocytopaenia (mortality HR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, p < 0.001) and renal function (total daily urine output HR = 1.02, 95%CI 1.01-1.03, p < 0.001; renal SOFA sub-score HR = 0.87, 95%CI 0.75-0.99, p = 0.047), maximum bilirubin level (HR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.99-0.99, p = 0.02) and GCS SOFA sub-score (HR = 0.81, 95%CI 0.68-0.98, p = 0.028). Changes in renal function (total daily urine output and renal component of the SOFA score), GCS component of the SOFA score, total SOFA and worsening thrombocytopaenia were also independently associated with secondary outcomes (ICU, hospital and 28 day mortality). We detected the same pattern when analysing trends on days 2, 3 and 5. Dynamic trends in all other measured laboratory and physiological variables and in radiologica
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