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@article{Okami:2019:10.5551/jat.43075,
author = {Okami, Y and Ueshima, H and Nakamura, Y and Okuda, N and Nakagawa, H and Sakata, K and Saitoh, S and Okayama, A and Yoshita, K and Choudhury, SR and Chan, Q and Elliott, P and Miura, K and Stamler, J and for, the INTERMAP AND INTERLIPID Research Groups},
doi = {10.5551/jat.43075},
journal = {Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis},
pages = {170--182},
title = {The relationship of dietary cholesterol to serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol and confounding by reverse causality: the INTERLIPID study},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5551/jat.43075},
volume = {26},
year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - im: The positive relationship between dietary cholesterol and serum cholesterol has been questioned by a set of recent cohort studies. This study aimed to investigate how employment status and education years relate to the association between dietary cholesterol and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in a Japanese population.Methods: A population-based, random sample, cross-sectional study (INTERLIPID) was performed. Among 1,145 Japanese individuals aged 40-59 years, 106 were excluded because of special diets, use of lipid-lowering drugs, hormone replacement, and missing data, leaving 1,039 individuals (533 men and 506 women). Dietary cholesterol was assessed from four 24-h dietary recalls, and LDL-C was measured enzymatically with an auto-analyzer. A standard questionnaire inquired about employment status and education years.Results: In men, a 1 standard deviation (SD) higher dietary cholesterol was associated with 3.16 mg/dL lower serum LDL-C (P=0.009; unadjusted model). After adjustment for covariates, higher serum LDL-C was estimated per 1 SD higher intake of dietary cholesterol in nonemployed men [self-employed, homemakers, farmers, fishermen, and retired employees; β=9.08, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.90-17.27] and less educated men (β=4.46, 95% CI=0.97-9.90), whereas an inverse association was observed in employed men (β=3.02, 95% CI=5.49-0.54) and more educated men (β=3.66, 95% CI=6.25-1.07).Conclusions: In men who were nonemployed and less educated, a higher intake of dietary cholesterol was associated with elevated concentrations of serum LDL-C, whereas an inverse association was observed in men who were employed and more educated.
AU  - Okami,Y
AU  - Ueshima,H
AU  - Nakamura,Y
AU  - Okuda,N
AU  - Nakagawa,H
AU  - Sakata,K
AU  - Saitoh,S
AU  - Okayama,A
AU  - Yoshita,K
AU  - Choudhury,SR
AU  - Chan,Q
AU  - Elliott,P
AU  - Miura,K
AU  - Stamler,J
AU  - for,the INTERMAP AND INTERLIPID Research Groups
DO  - 10.5551/jat.43075
EP  - 182
PY  - 2019///
SN  - 1340-3478
SP  - 170
TI  - The relationship of dietary cholesterol to serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol and confounding by reverse causality: the INTERLIPID study
T2  - Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.5551/jat.43075
UR  - https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jat/26/2/26_43075/_article
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/59983
VL  - 26
ER  -

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