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@article{Salman:2022:10.1038/s41440-022-01007-x,
author = {Salman, E and Kadota, A and Okami, Y and Kondo, K and Yoshita, K and Okuda, N and Nakagawa, H and Saitoh, S and Sakata, K and Okayama, A and Chan, Q and Elliott, P and Stamler, J and Ueshima, H and Miura, K},
doi = {10.1038/s41440-022-01007-x},
journal = {Hypertension Research},
pages = {1850--1860},
title = {Investigation of the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio target level based on the recommended dietary intake goals for the Japanese population: The INTERMAP Japan},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41440-022-01007-x},
volume = {45},
year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Growing epidemiological evidence has shown an association of the urinary sodium (Na) to potassium (K) ratio (Na/K ratio) with blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. However, no clear cutoff level has been defined. We investigated the cutoff level of the urinary Na/K ratio under different dietary guidelines for Japanese individuals, especially that endorsed by the 2020 revised Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). A population of 1145 Japanese men and women aged 40 to 59 years from the INTERMAP study was examined. Using high-quality standardized data, the averages of two 24 h urinary collections and four 24 h dietary recalls were used to calculate the 24 h urinary and dietary Na/K ratios, respectively. Associations between the urinary and dietary Na/K ratios were tested by sex- and age-adjusted partial correlation. The optimal urinary Na/K ratio cutoff level was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and sex-specific cross tables for recommended dietary K and salt. Overall, the average molar ratio of 24 h urinary Na/K was 4.3. We found moderate correlations (P < 0.001) of the 24 h urinary Na/K ratio with 24 h urinary Na and K excretion (r = 0.52, r = −0.49, respectively) and the dietary Na/K ratio (r = 0.53). ROC curves showed that a 24 h urinary Na/K ratio of approximately 2 predicted Na and K intake that meets the dietary goals of the Japanese DRIs. The range of urinary Na/K ratios meeting the dietary goals of the Japanese DRIs for both Na and K was 1.62.2 for men and 1.71.9 for women. Accomplishing a urinary Na/K ratio of 2 would be desirable to achieve the DRIs dietary goals for both Na and K simultaneously in middle-aged Japanese men and women accustomed to Japanese dietary habits. This observational study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005271.
AU  - Salman,E
AU  - Kadota,A
AU  - Okami,Y
AU  - Kondo,K
AU  - Yoshita,K
AU  - Okuda,N
AU  - Nakagawa,H
AU  - Saitoh,S
AU  - Sakata,K
AU  - Okayama,A
AU  - Chan,Q
AU  - Elliott,P
AU  - Stamler,J
AU  - Ueshima,H
AU  - Miura,K
DO  - 10.1038/s41440-022-01007-x
EP  - 1860
PY  - 2022///
SN  - 0916-9636
SP  - 1850
TI  - Investigation of the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio target level based on the recommended dietary intake goals for the Japanese population: The INTERMAP Japan
T2  - Hypertension Research
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41440-022-01007-x
UR  - https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000879692300001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=a2bf6146997ec60c407a63945d4e92bb
UR  - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41440-022-01007-x
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/102065
VL  - 45
ER  -

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