Publications
113 results found
Green RJ, Staffell, 2016, Electricity in Europe: exiting fossil fuels?, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol: 32, Pages: 282-303, ISSN: 1460-2121
There are many options for generating electricity with low carbon emissions, and the electrification of heatand transport can decarbonise energy use across the economy. This places the power sector at the forefrontof any move away from fossil fuels, even though fossil-fuelled generators are more dependable and flexiblethan nuclear reactors or intermittent renewables, and vital for the second-by-second balancing of supply anddemand. Renewables tend to supplement, rather than replace, fossil capacity, although output from fossilfuelledstations will fall and some will have to retire to avoid depressing wholesale power prices. At times oflow demand and high renewable output prices can turn negative, but electricity storage, long-distanceinterconnection and flexible demand may develop to absorb any excess generation. Simulations for GreatBritain show that while coal may be eliminated from the mix within a decade, natural gas has a long-termrole in stations with or without carbon capture and storage, depending on its cost and the price of carbon.
Green RJ, 2015, Markets, Governments and Renewable Energy, Renewable Energy Finance Powering the Future, Editors: Donovan, Publisher: Imperial College Press, Pages: 105-129, ISBN: 9781783267767
But now clean energy is the safe bet for investors, as is argued in Renewable Energy Finance: Powering the Future, edited by Dr Charles Donovan, Principal Teaching Fellow at Imperial College Business School.With a foreword by Lord Brown and ...
Green RJ, staffell I, Hamilton IG, 2015, The residential energy sector, Domestic Microgeneration Renewable and Distributed Energy Technologies, Policies and Economics, Editors: Staffell, Brandon, Hawkes, Brett, Publisher: Routledge, Pages: 18-48, ISBN: 9781317448853
1 Overview Whilst the primary use of microgeneration is to service the energy demands of a building or a community, microgeneration technologies could also play a role in wider energy networks such as communal heating schemes or (more ...
Staffell I, Green R, 2015, Is There Still Merit in the Merit Order Stack? The Impact of Dynamic Constraints on Optimal Plant Mix, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol: 31, Pages: 43-53, ISSN: 1558-0679
The merit order stack is used to tackle a wide variety of problems involving electricity dispatch. The simplification it relies on is to neglect dynamic issues such as the cost of starting stations. This leads the merit order stack to give a poor representation of the hourly pattern of prices and under-estimate the optimal level of investment in both peaking and inflexible baseload generators, and thus their run-times by up to 30%. We describe a simple method for incorporating start-up costs using a single equation derived from the load curve and station costs. The technique is demonstrated on the British electricity system in 2010 to test its performance against actual outturn, and in a 2020 scenario with increased wind capacity where it is compared to a dynamic unit-commitment scheduler. Our modification yields a better representation of electricity prices and reduces the errors in capacity investment by a factor of two.
Green RJ, Strbac, 2015, Storage in the energy market, IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting 2015
Green RJ, Staffell I, 2015, Evidence on Wind Farm Performance Decline in the UK, Evidence on Wind Farm Performance Decline in the UK
Onshore wind farms in the UK have aged at about the same rate as other kinds ofpower station. The average wind farm has an annual load factor of about 28% whenfirst commissioned, which declines by about 0.4 percentage points per year. After 15years, the load factor would have fallen to 23%. This ageing does not appear to havemade developers replace their farms early. Forty out of the first forty-five windfarms commissioned in the UK were still operating at this age; four had beenrepowered. Taking this deterioration into account raises the levelised cost ofelectricity by around 9% over a 24-year lifespan, discounting at 10 per cent a year.This is a summary of the peer-reviewed paper “How does wind farm performancedecline with age?” published in Renewable Energy, vol. 65, pp 775-786, which isavailable to download from http://tinyurl.com/wind-decline.
Green RJ, Staffell I, 2015, Storage in the electricity market, International Ruhr Energy Conference 2015
Green R, Staffell I, 2014, How Large Should a Portfolio of Wind Farms Be?, USAEE Working Paper
Strbac G, Pollitt M, Konstantinidis CV, et al., 2014, Electricity transmission arrangements in Great Britain: Time for change?, Energy Policy, Vol: 73, Pages: 298-311, ISSN: 0301-4215
In Great Britain (GB) and across Europe significant investment in electricity transmission is expected over the coming years as decarbonisation and market integration efforts are intensified. However, there is also significant uncertainty with the amount, location and timing of new generation connection, which in turn will drive the transmission investment needs. Given the absence of efficient market design, we identify three key areas of concern with the current transmission investment arrangements: (i) a mis-aligned incentives framework for transmission investment and operation; (ii) lack of coordination of investment and operation; and (iii) conflicts of interest. We then propose three options for future evolution of transmission regimes, which cover the full spectrum of institutional arrangements with respect to transmission planning and delivery, i.e. how and who plans, owns, builds and operates the transmission system. For each option we present: key characteristics; evolution of the current regimes; the ability of the option to address the concerns; and key strengths and weaknesses. Overall, we conclude in the case of GB (this conclusion could be extended to other European countries) that the most appropriate option would be that of an Independent System Operator (ISO) who would be responsible for planning and operating the transmission system.
Green R, 2014, Regulation of the Power Sector, ECONOMICS OF ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, Vol: 3, Pages: 169-171, ISSN: 2160-5882
Castagneto-Gissey G, Green R, 2014, Exchange rates, oil prices and electricity spot prices: Empirical insights from European Union markets, Journal of Energy Markets, Vol: 7, Pages: 3-34, ISSN: 1756-3607
This study investigates the relationship between daily electricity spot price returns and both the crude oil spot price return (in US dollars) and the exchange rate return in six European countries (France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom) during the time periods 2005-7 and 2008-11, ie, before and after the contagion of the subprime crisis on European markets. The conditional mean and conditional variance are modeled by AR.1/-GARCH.1; 1/ and AR.1/-NGARCH.1; 1/. The performance superiority of the nonlinear asymmetric generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model suggests that the leverage effect is well represented. In many cases, the level of returns in either the oil price or the exchange rate had little impact on the level of electricity price returns, but the volatility of these prices affected the volatility of electricity prices in all the European countries examined, except for the United Kingdom. However, in the succeeding time period (2008-11), the volatility of electricity prices in each of the countries studied, including the United Kingdom, was significantly and asymmetrically affected by both exchange rate and oil price returns. This volatility, or risk, has implications for the way in which low-carbon generators should be supported.
Staffell I, Green R, 2014, How does wind farm performance decline with age?, RENEWABLE ENERGY, Vol: 66, Pages: 775-786, ISSN: 0960-1481
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- Citations: 278
Green R, Staffell I, Vasilakos N, 2014, Divide and Conquer? <i>k</i>-Means Clustering of Demand Data Allows Rapid and Accurate Simulations of the British Electricity System, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT, Vol: 61, Pages: 251-260, ISSN: 0018-9391
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- Citations: 86
Green RJ, Staffell I, 2014, The Impact of Government Interventions on Investment in the GB Electricity Market, Brussels, Publisher: European Commission
Report to DG Competition of the European Commission in the State Aid case concerning the Hinkley Point C nuclear power station
Green RJ, Mulugetta Y, Zhang ZX, 2014, Sustainable Energy Policy, Handbook of Sustainable Development, 2nd Edition, Editors: Atkinson, Dietz, Neumayer, Agarwala, Cheltenham, Publisher: Edward Elgar, Pages: 532-550, ISBN: 978-1-78254-469-2
Green RJ, 2013, The Future Role of Energy in Manufacturing, London, Publisher: Government Office for Science
This report considers the present and future role of energy in manufacturing, in the context of the need to deliver a low-carbon economy. That need presents two threats to UK-based manufacturers, and two opportunities. The first threat is that the price of energy in the UK will rise, compared to the cost faced by competitor firms abroad, placing UK manufacturers at a significant disadvantage. The second threat is that a low-carbon electricity supply will be unreliable, and that the cost of power cuts will rise. The first opportunity is related to this threat – manufacturing sites that can reduce their electricity imports at times when the power system is under stress are already paid for doing so. The need for such demand-side management, the options for providing it, and the price paid are all likely to increase over time. The second opportunity is that new low-carbon products will be needed – not least in the transport sector – and UK-based firms may be able to break into these new markets.
Staffell I, Green R, 2013, The cost of domestic fuel cell micro-CHP systems, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol: 38, Pages: 1088-1102, ISSN: 0360-3199
Green RJ, 2012, How Denmark Manages its Wind Power, IAEE Energy Forum, Vol: 21, Pages: 9-11
Green R, Yatchew A, 2012, Support Schemes for Renewable Energy: An Economic Analysis, Economics of Energy and Environmental Policy, Vol: 1, Pages: 83-98
Green RJ, 2012, Welfare Analysis of Offshore Wind by Julian Silk: A Comment, IAEE Energy Forum, Vol: 21, Pages: 27-29
Green R, 2012, The Future of Electricity Demand: Customers, Citizens and Loads, ENERGY JOURNAL, Vol: 33, Pages: 219-222, ISSN: 0195-6574
Green RJ, Vasilakos N, 2012, Storing Wind for a Rainy Day: What kind of electricity does Denmark export?, Energy Journal, Vol: 33, Pages: 1-22, ISSN: 0195-6574
Green R, Hu H, Vasilakos N, 2011, Turning the wind into hydrogen: The long-run impact on electricity prices and generating capacity, ENERGY POLICY, Vol: 39, Pages: 3992-3998, ISSN: 0301-4215
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- Citations: 19
Hu H, Green R, 2011, Making markets for hydrogen vehicles: Lessons from LPG, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, Vol: 36, Pages: 6399-6406, ISSN: 0360-3199
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- Citations: 13
Bell K, Green RJ, Kockar I, et al., 2011, Project TransmiT: Academic Review of Transmission Charging Arrangements, London, Publisher: Office of Gas and Electricity Markets
One of three academic reports on transmission charging commissioned by the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets as part of Project TransmiT, a review of the structure of electricity transmission prices in Great Britain.
Green R, Vasilakos N, 2011, The economics of offshore wind, ENERGY POLICY, Vol: 39, Pages: 496-502, ISSN: 0301-4215
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- Citations: 111
Green R, Vasilakos N, 2011, The Long-term Impact of Wind Power on Electricity Prices and Generating Capacity, General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES), Publisher: IEEE, ISSN: 1944-9925
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- Citations: 10
Green R, 2010, Are the British electricity trading and transmission arrangements future-proof?, UTILITIES POLICY, Vol: 18, Pages: 186-194, ISSN: 0957-1787
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- Citations: 9
Green RJ, 2010, Energy Regulation in a Low Carbon World, Harnessing Renewable Energy in Electric Power Systems, Editors: Moselle, Padilla, Schmalensee, Publisher: RFF Press, Pages: 137-158, ISBN: 9781933115900
Thorough and well-evidenced, this book will be of interest to a broad range of policymakers, the electric power industry, and economists who study energy and ...
Green R, 2010, Energy regulation in a low-carbon world, Harnessing Renewable Energy in Electric Power Systems: Theory, Practice, Policy, Pages: 137-158, ISBN: 9781933115900
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