Publications
317 results found
Barr MR, Volpe R, Kandiyoti R, 2021, Liquid biofuels from food crops in transportation – A balance sheet of outcomes, Chemical Engineering Science: X, Vol: 10, Pages: 1-12, ISSN: 2590-1400
The production and utilization of biofuels from food crops have been reviewed. Developments in Brazil, the United States, the European Union and China have been assessed in relation to the aims of biofuels policies, their costs and outcomes. The energy input for making biofuels has been compared with energy released during their combustion. The effect of using crops for fuel on the cost of grain for food and of arable land have been examined. There is evidence that current international policies have caused environmental degradation greater than the fossil fuels they were purported to replace. However, policy choices are difficult to reverse. Despite vast effort and expense, the actual scale of biofuels production is small compared to the resources that have been mobilized. As these processes have evolved, new groups of commercial interests have coalesced internationally, to take advantage of the subsidies with little recognizable benefit to the environment.
Barr MR, Volpe R, Kandiyoti R, 2021, Identifying Synergistic Effects between Biomass Components during Pyrolysis and Pointers Concerning Experiment Design, ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING, Vol: 9, Pages: 5603-5612, ISSN: 2168-0485
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- Citations: 4
Daud ARM, Berrueco C, Hellgardt K, et al., 2021, Oxidative cracking of three to five-member ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in subcritical and supercritical water, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol: 167, Pages: 105050-105050, ISSN: 0896-8446
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are refractory structures common in heavy hydrocarbons. Thermal cracking in supercritical water (SCW) is limited but PAH can be completely oxidised if an oxidant is added. By restricting oxidant supply to substoichiometric amounts, this study aims to achieve partial oxidation as a route to useful chemicals, such as mono- and bi-aromatics. Oxidative cracking reactions of anthracene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene in subcritical and SCW were studied. PAH conversions well above 90 % were achieved along a fast heating ramp in a batch reactor. This quick initial oxidation took place predominantly in inner rings, weakening the aromatic structure and increasing cracking reactivity. This oxidation-cracking pathway became dominant in the SCW region, producing mostly oxygenated compounds with fewer aromatic rings. On the other hand, competing reactions leading to polymerization were favoured in the subcritical water region. PAH reactivity was found to follow the order anthracene > benzo[a]pyrene > pyrene.
Barr MR, Volpe R, Kandiyoti R, 2019, Influence of Reactor Design on Product Distributions from Biomass Pyrolysis, ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING, Vol: 7, Pages: 13734-13745, ISSN: 2168-0485
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- Citations: 15
Volpe R, Kandiyoti R, 2018, Thermal breakdown in coal and biomass: Relationship between reactor design and product distributions, 256th National Meeting and Exposition of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) - Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Beyond, Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, ISSN: 0065-7727
Boot-Handford M, Virmond E, Florin N, et al., 2017, Simple pyrolysis experiments for the preliminary assessment of biomass feedstocks and low-cost tar cracking catalysts for downdraft gasification applications, Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol: 108, Pages: 398-414, ISSN: 0961-9534
The pyrolysis behaviour of beech wood, two rice husk variants from Brazil (BRH) and Thailand (TRH) and a solid waste water treatment residue from textile manufacture (TIR) were investigated using a lab-scale, 2-stage fixed-bed reactor at 773 K. Char yields increased and volatile yields decreased with increasing ash content. The TRH released 40% less tar than the BRH which was attributed to the substantially higher potassium content of the Thai species. The combustion reactivity of the TRH char in air at 773 K was similar to the BW char and almost double the reactivity of the BRH and TIR chars. The BW and TRH chars had a greater volume of macropores indicating that char combustion occurs predominantly through the growth and extension of the macroporous pore network. A different trend was observed for the char gasification reactivity with CO2 at 1173 K. The Ca and Mg content of the chars were found to have a more important catalytic role in the char gasification reactions with CO2.The effect of exposing volatile products from beech wood pyrolysis to elevated temperatures (973–1173 K) and sand beds containing calcined limestone or dolomite in a simulated downdraft gasification environment was also investigated. Tar yields decreased after exposure to elevated temperature and calcined limestone or dolomite. Tar cracking favoured the production of CO. CO yields were between 22 and 23 wt% at 1173 K. Calcined dolomite was slightly more effective at cracking tar than calcined limestone, eliminating 98 wt% of the tar at 1173 K.
Kandiyoti R, Herod A, Bartle K, et al., 2017, Solid fuels and heavy hydrocarbon liquids: Thermal characterization and analysis, Publisher: Elsevier, ISBN: 9780081007846
Solid Fuels and Heavy Hydrocarbon Liquids: Thermal Characterisation and Analysis, Second Edition integrates the developments that have taken place since publication of the first edition in 2006. This updated material includes new insights that help unify the thermochemical reactions of biomass and coal, as well as new developments in analytical techniques, including new applications in size exclusion chromatography, several mass spectrometric techniques, and new applications of nuclear magnetic spectroscopy to the characterization of heavy hydrocarbon liquidsThe topics covered are essential for the energy and fuels research community, including academics, students, and research engineers working in the power, oil and gas, and renewable energy industries.
Volpe R, Messineo A, Milian M, et al., 2015, Assessment of olive wastes as energy source: pyrolysis, torrefaction and the key role of H loss in thermal breakdown, ENERGY, Vol: 82, Pages: 119-127, ISSN: 0360-5442
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- Citations: 61
Kandiyoti R, 2015, Powering Europe: Russia, Ukraine, and the Energy Squeeze Preface, Publisher: PALGRAVE, ISBN: 978-1-137-50163-9
George A, Morgan TJ, Kandiyoti R, 2014, Pyrolytic Reactions of Lignin within Naturally Occurring Plant Matrices: Challenges in Biomass Pyrolysis Modeling Due to Synergistic Effects, ENERGY & FUELS, Vol: 28, Pages: 6918-6927, ISSN: 0887-0624
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- Citations: 35
Boot-Handford ME, Florin NH, Kandiyoti R, et al., 2014, Assessing the suitability of different biomass feedstocks for processing via gasification, 248th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS), ISSN: 0065-7727
Dabai F, Paterson N, Milian M, et al., 2014, Tar Formation and Destruction in a Fixed Bed Reactor Simulating Downdraft Gasification: Effect of Reaction Conditions on Tar Cracking Products, ENERGY & FUELS, Vol: 28, Pages: 1970-1982, ISSN: 0887-0624
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- Citations: 32
Morgan TJ, Kandiyoti R, 2014, Pyrolysis of Coals and Biomass: Analysis of Thermal Breakdown and Its Products, CHEMICAL REVIEWS, Vol: 114, Pages: 1547-1607, ISSN: 0009-2665
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- Citations: 148
Cordella M, Berrueco C, Santarelli F, et al., 2013, Yields and ageing of the liquids obtained by slow pyrolysis of sorghum, switchgrass and corn stalks, JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS, Vol: 104, Pages: 316-324, ISSN: 0165-2370
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- Citations: 32
Daud M, Pinilla JL, Arcelus-Arrillaga P, et al., 2012, Heavy oil upgrading in subcritical and supercritical water: Studies on model compounds, 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS), Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, ISSN: 0065-7727
Lorente E, Berrueco C, Herod AA, et al., 2012, The detection of high-mass aliphatics in petroleum by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry, RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Vol: 26, Pages: 1581-1590, ISSN: 0951-4198
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- Citations: 14
Herod AA, Bartle KD, Morgan TJ, et al., 2012, Analytical Methods for Characterizing High-Mass Complex Polydisperse Hydrocarbon Mixtures: An Overview, CHEMICAL REVIEWS, Vol: 112, Pages: 3892-3923, ISSN: 0009-2665
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- Citations: 56
Kandiyoti R, 2012, Pipelines Flowing Oil and Crude Politics, Publisher: I.B.Tauris, ISBN: 9781848858398
This is an entirely new way to view the international politics of oil and natural gas and therefore crucial to any explanation of the tensions involving Central Asia, the Middle East, Russia, China, and Europe.
Macchietto S, Hewitt GF, Coletti F, et al., 2011, Fouling in Crude Oil Preheat Trains: A Systematic Solution to an Old Problem, HEAT TRANSFER ENGINEERING, Vol: 32, Pages: 197-215, ISSN: 0145-7632
Mohamad Daud AR, Millan M, Hellgardt K, et al., 2010, Supercritical water partial oxidation cracking of three-member ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds
Supercritical water partial oxidation cracking of PAH compounds was studied. A three-member ring PAH isomers, i.e., anthracene and phenanthrene were used as model compounds with aqueous hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. At 450°C, anthracene was partially oxidized to mainly 9,10-anthraquinone, 9,10-anthracenedione,2-hydroxy, xanthone, benzoic acid, naphthalene, and phenol while phenanthrene was converted into 4-hydroxy,9-fluorenone, anthraquinone, fluorenone, benzoic acid, naphthalene, and phenol. Increasing the reaction time contributed to the loss of oxygenated functionalities and hence enhanced the formation of neutral aromatic fragments, i.e., naphthalene, biphenyl, and fluorene. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 19th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering and 7th European Congress of Chemical Engineering (Prague, Czech Republic 8/28/2010-9/1/2010).
George A, Morgan TJ, Alvarez P, et al., 2010, Fractionation of a coal tar pitch by ultra-filtration, and characterization by size exclusion chromatography, UV-fluorescence and laser desorption-mass spectroscopy, FUEL, Vol: 89, Pages: 2953-2970, ISSN: 0016-2361
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- Citations: 31
Paterson N, Nyako F, Millan M, et al., 2010, TAR FORMATION AND DESTRUCTION IN A FIXED BED REACTOR SIMULATING DOWNDRAFT GASIFICATION: EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENT & CHARACTERIZATION OF TAR CRACKING PRODUCTS, Energy and Fuels (accepted)
Morgan TJ, Alvarez-Rodriguez P, George A, et al., 2010, Characterization of Maya Crude Oil Maltenes and Asphaltenes in Terms of Structural Parameters Calculated from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy and Laser Desorption-Mass Spectroscopy (LD-MS), ENERGY & FUELS, Vol: 24, Pages: 3977-3989, ISSN: 0887-0624
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- Citations: 62
Morgan TJ, George A, Alvarez-Rodriguez P, et al., 2010, Estimating molecular masses of petroleum-derived fractions: High mass (>2000 u) materials in maltenes and asphaltenes from Maya crude oil, JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A, Vol: 1217, Pages: 3804-3818, ISSN: 0021-9673
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- Citations: 26
George A, Larrion M, Dugwell D, et al., 2010, Co-firing of Single, Binary, and Ternary Fuel Blends: Comparing Synergies within Trace Element Partitioning Arrived at by Thermodynamic Equilibrium Modeling and Experimental Measurements, ENERGY & FUELS, Vol: 24, Pages: 2918-2923, ISSN: 0887-0624
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- Citations: 14
Morgan TJ, George A, Alvarez P, et al., 2009, Isolation of Size Exclusion Chromatography Elution-Fractions of Coal and Petroleum-Derived Samples and Analysis by Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry, ENERGY & FUELS, Vol: 23, Pages: 6003-6014, ISSN: 0887-0624
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- Citations: 31
George A, Morgan T, Alvarez P, et al., 2009, Isolation and analysis of size exclusion chromatography elution-fractions of coal and petroleum-derived materials by laser desorption mass spectrometer, Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, ISSN: 0065-7727
Alvarez P, Morgan T, George A, et al., 2009, NMR characterization of an Athabasca bitumen, Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, ISSN: 0065-7727
Morgan T, Alvarez GP, Millan M, et al., 2009, Characterization of Maya crude oil in terms of structural features and mass distribution estimates, Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, ISSN: 0065-7727
Karaca F, Morgan TJ, George A, et al., 2009, Molecular mass ranges of coal tar pitch fractions by mass spectrometry and size-exclusion chromatography, RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Vol: 23, Pages: 2087-2098, ISSN: 0951-4198
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- Citations: 31
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