Publications
146 results found
Olma MC, Tütüncü S, Fiessler C, et al., 2023, In-Hospital ECG Findings, Changes in Medical Management, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack., J Am Heart Assoc, Vol: 12
Background In patients with acute ischemic stroke, little is known regarding the frequency of abnormal ECG findings other than atrial fibrillation and their association with cardiovascular outcomes. We aim to analyze the frequency and type of abnormal ECG findings, subsequent changes in medical treatment, and their association with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods and Results In the investigator-initiated multicenter MonDAFIS (impact of standardized monitoring for detection of atrial fibrillation in ischemic stroke) study, 3465 patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and without known atrial fibrillation were randomized 1:1 to receive Holter-ECG for up to 7 days in-hospital with systematic evaluation in a core cardiology laboratory (intervention group) or standard diagnostic care (control group). Outcomes included predefined abnormal ECG findings (eg, pauses, atrial fibrillation, brady-/tachycardias), medical management in the intervention group, and combined vascular end point (recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, major bleeds, or all-cause death) and mortality at 24 months in both randomization groups. Predefined abnormal ECG findings were detected in 326 of 1693 (19.3%) patients in the intervention group. Twenty of these 326 patients (6.1%) received a pacemaker, and 62 of 326 (19.0%) patients had newly initiated or discontinued β-blocker medication. Discontinuation of β-blockers was associated with a higher death rate in the control group than in the intervention group during 24 months after enrollment (adjusted hazard ratio, 11.0 [95% CI, 2.4-50.4]; P=0.025 for interaction). Conclusions Systematic in-hospital Holter ECG reveals abnormal findings in 1 of 5 patients with acute stroke, and mortality was lower at 24 months in patients with systematic ECG recording in the hospital. Further studies are needed to determine the potential impact of medical management of abnormal ECG find
Strunk D, Becker J, Veltkamp R, et al., 2022, How relevant are cerebral white matter lesions in the D313Y variant of the α-galactosidase A gene? Neurological, cardiological, laboratory, and MRI data of 21 patients within a follow-up of 3 years., Neurol Sci
BACKGROUND: Fabry disease is an inherited metabolic disorder with various symptoms. Neurological manifestations are small fiber neuropathy, cerebral white matter lesions (WML), megadolicho basilar artery, and stroke. The relevance of the D313Y variant in the galactosidase alpha gene is controversially discussed. OBJECTIVES: We aimed at elucidating the implications of this differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), focussing on the analysis of WML over time and correlations with other markers. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the clinical, laboratory, and magnetic resonance imaging data of 21 carriers of the D313Y variant at a single German outpatient clinic for MS between 2004 and 2021. RESULTS: In our cohort (15 females, 6 males), mean age at diagnosis was 44.1 ± 16.3 years, and mean follow-up duration was 3.1 ± 3.9 years. WML were rated on both, the Fazekas scale and the age-related white matter changes rating scale, and were of variable interindividual extent. Follow-up imaging showed virtually no progress. WML did not correlate with the severity of clinical findings or lysoGb3 levels. Symptomatic carriers of the variant are characterized by an almost complete lack of internal organ manifestations and laboratory findings, usually associated with Fabry disease. CONCLUSION: WML in carriers of the D313Y variant do not seem to be suitable for assessing or predicting the (para-) clinical status. Concerning MS patients, the variant and its clinical signs can be a differential diagnosis, but also a co-factor. Imaging and cerebrospinal fluid findings facilitate the distinction between both entities.
Weber R, Winezki E, Katsanos AH, et al., 2022, Sex differences in etiology and short-term outcome in young ischemic stroke patients receiving mechanical thrombectomy, Neurological Research and Practice, Vol: 4, ISSN: 2524-3489
BACKGROUND: Although there are well known sex differences in older patients with ischemic stroke receiving acute reperfusion treatments, there is paucity of data in younger patients. METHODS: We investigated sex-related differences in clinical presentation, stroke etiology and short-term outcomes in consecutive young patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) below the age of 50 years receiving mechanical thrombectomy (MT) between January 2011 and May 2021 in a tertiary stroke center. RESULTS: We identified a total of 202 young ischemic stroke patients with MT, with 51% being female. Young female AIS patients were significantly younger (39 ± 8 vs. 43 ± 7 years, p < 0.001), and presented with a trend for more severe stroke on admission (median NIHSS 12 vs. 9, p = 0.065), compared to males, respectively. Young female AIS patients had higher rates of embolic strokes of determined or undetermined sources in the anterior circulation, while young male AIS patients suffered more often strokes of arterio-arterial embolism. Complete reperfusion (TICI score 3) was achieved significantly less often in young female AIS patients (69% vs. 83%, p = 0.006), and in-hospital mortality was 2-times higher (5% vs. 2%, p = 0.271) compared to males. CONCLUSIONS: Young female AIS patients receiving MT have higher rates of severe embolic strokes and less often complete reperfusion due to different occlusion sites and stroke etiology compared to males.
Pimentel BC, Ingwersen T, Haeusler KG, et al., 2022, Association of stroke lesion shape with newly detected atrial fibrillation - Results from the MonDAFIS study, European Stroke Journal, Vol: 7, Pages: 230-237, ISSN: 2396-9873
Paroxysmal Atrial fibrillation (AF) is often clinically silent and may be missed by the usual diagnostic workup after ischemic stroke. We aimed to determine whether shape characteristics of ischemic stroke lesions can be used to predict AF in stroke patients without known AF at baseline. Lesion shape quantification on brain MRI was performed in selected patients from the intervention arm of the Impact of standardized MONitoring for Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in Ischemic Stroke (MonDAFIS) study, which included patients with ischemic stroke or TIA without prior AF. Multiple morphologic parameters were calculated based on lesion segmentation in acute brain MRI data. Multivariate logistic models were used to test the association of lesion morphology, clinical parameters, and AF. A stepwise elimination regression was conducted to identify the most important variables. A total of 755 patients were included. Patients with AF detected within 2 years after stroke (n = 86) had a larger overall oriented bounding box (OBB) volume (p = 0.003) and a higher number of brain lesion components (p = 0.008) than patients without AF. In the multivariate model, OBB volume (OR 1.72, 95%CI 1.29–2.35, p < 0.001), age (OR 2.13, 95%CI 1.52–3.06, p < 0.001), and female sex (OR 2.45, 95%CI 1.41–4.31, p = 0.002) were independently associated with detected AF. Ischemic lesions in patients with detected AF after stroke presented with a more dispersed infarct pattern and a higher number of lesion components. Together with clinical characteristics, these lesion shape characteristics may help in guiding prolonged cardiac monitoring after stroke.
Pompsch M, Veltkamp R, Diehl RR, et al., 2022, Microembolic signals and antiplatelet therapy in Moyamoya angiopathy, JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Vol: 269, Pages: 6605-6612, ISSN: 0340-5354
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Tutuncu S, Olma MC, Kunze C, et al., 2022, Levels and dynamics of estimated glomerular filtration rate and recurrent vascular events and death in patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Vol: 29, Pages: 2716-2724, ISSN: 1351-5101
Becker J, Berlit P, Kastrup O, et al., 2022, A contrast medium uptake of the vessel wall is not specific for cerebral vasculitis, NERVENARZT, ISSN: 0028-2804
Kraemer M, Strunk D, Becker J, et al., 2022, Recovery of intracranial stenoses in varicella zoster virus vasculitis after long-term treatment with valacyclovir and prednisolone, Neurological Research and Practice, Vol: 4, ISSN: 2524-3489
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Optimal treatment of intracranial stenoses in varicella zoster virus (VZV)-associated vasculitis is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the merits and potential pitfalls of a specific therapeutic strategy, initially proposed by Don Gilden in 2015. METHODS: We describe three patients with intracranial stenoses caused by VZV vasculitis successfully treated by a long-term combination of valacyclovir and prednisolone. RESULTS: All three patients were young men suffering from stroke. Only one reported a first contact to VZV in adulthood. All three presented stenoses in the intracranial part of the internal carotid artery or the proximal segments of the middle cerebral artery as well as an elevated cell count and positive VZV antibody index in cerebrospinal fluid. They received a combination therapy regimen with prednisone and valacyclovir about a minimum of one year. Intracranial stenoses improved markedly in one and almost resolved completely in the other two patients. Side effects of corticosteroid treatment occurred in two patients. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term combination treatment with prednisone and valacyclovir proved to be effective in three young men suffering from intracranial stenosis due to VZV vasculitis.
Focke JK, Veltkamp R, Bauer P, et al., 2022, Novel heterozygous COL4A2 variant c.2572A > G, p.(I858V) mimicking Sneddon's and Divry van Bogaert Syndrome, JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Vol: 269, Pages: 5153-5156, ISSN: 0340-5354
D'Anna L, Filippidis F, Harvey K, et al., 2022, Ischemic Stroke in orally anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation, Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Vol: 145, Pages: 288-296, ISSN: 0001-6314
BackgroundIschemic strokes in orally anticoagulated patients pose challenges for acute management and secondary prevention but the characteristics of these strokes are poorly understood. We examined the clinical and imaging features, the presumed underlying etiology and the subsequent antithrombotic management.MethodsWe analyzed a consecutive series of patients enrolled into the EIDASAF study, a single center, observational study of ischemic stroke patients with a diagnosis atrial fibrillation (AF) prior to the index event who had been admitted to the Hyperacute Stroke Unit of Imperial College London between 2010 and 2017. We compared patients with oral anticoagulation therapy prior admission (OACprior) with those without anticoagulation (OACnaive). Brain imaging was analyzed centrally.Results763 patients were included in the analysis. 481 (63%) were OACnaive while 282 (37%) were OACprior. Patients with OACprior were younger, more often had a previous history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), and more often suffered from hypertension and diabetes. In OACnaive, patients, large and deep middle cerebral artery infarcts occurred more often than in OACprior patients. The groups differed significantly in the distribution of competing etiologies underlying their stroke. At discharge, OACprior more frequently were (re)-anticoagulated compared to OACnaive patients. Within the OACprior group, patients with recurrent strokes did not differ from those with a first stroke regarding clinical characteristics and pattern of cerebral infarction but they were less frequently anticoagulated.ConclusionsIschemic strokes on OAC represent a significant proportion of AF-related strokes. There is an unmet need to better understand the causes underlying these strokes and to optimize the medical management.
Strunk D, Veltkamp R, Meuth SG, et al., 2022, Intra-arterial application of nimodipine in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: a neuroradiological method to help differentiate from primary central nervous system vasculitis, Neurological Research and Practice, Vol: 4, ISSN: 2524-3489
BACKGROUND: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by a prolonged, but self-limiting segmental cerebral vasoconstriction. Neurological outcomes vary, but can be severe. The clinical hallmark of RCVS is thunderclap headache, which might come along with further neurological symptoms. Distinguishing RCVS from other entities, such as primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS), is of utmost importance for appropriate therapy. The angiographic response to intra-arterial nimodipine application has been suggested as an additional diagnostic criterion for RCVS but confirmatory studies are limited. We aimed to evaluate the angiographic nimodipine test. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the clinical and imaging data of 13 RCVS patients, who were admitted to a single German neurological department between January 2013 and December 2020. RESULTS: Out of 13 patients diagnosed with RCVS, 4 patients underwent an angiographic nimodipine test. In all 4 patients cerebral vasoconstriction completely resolved during nimodipine application. Among the four patients with a positive test, there was one individual, in whom a response was detected after a delay of 60 min. In all patients, we found a complete resolution of cerebral vasoconstriction within 12 weeks. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the usefulness of the application of nimodipine in diagnosing RCVS. Prolonged angiographic observation of the vascular response after nimodipine injection is important.
Best JG, Arram L, Ahmed N, et al., 2022, Optimal timing of anticoagulation after acute ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation (OPTIMAS): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE, Vol: 17, Pages: 583-589, ISSN: 1747-4930
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- Citations: 7
Van Mieghem NM, Unverdorben M, Hengstenberg C, et al., 2021, Edoxaban versus Vitamin K Antagonist for Atrial Fibrillation after TAVR, NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, Vol: 385, Pages: 2150-2160, ISSN: 0028-4793
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- Citations: 73
D'Anna L, Filippidis FT, Harvey K, et al., 2021, Extent of white matter lesion is associated with early hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke related to atrial fibrillation, Brain and Behavior, Vol: 11, Pages: 1-8, ISSN: 2162-3279
BackgroundHemorrhagic transformation (HT) after stroke, related to atrial fibrillation (AF), is a frequent complication, and it can be associated with a delay in the (re-)initiation of oral anticoagulation therapy. We investigated the effect of the presence and severity of white matter disease (WMD) on early HT after stroke related to AF.MethodsA consecutive series of patients with recent (<4 weeks) ischemic stroke and AF, treated at the Hyper Acute Stroke Unit of the Imperial College London between 2010 and 2017, were enrolled. Patients with brain MRI performed 24–72 h from stroke onset and not yet started on anticoagulant treatment were included. WMD was graded using the Fazekas score.ResultsAmong the 441 patients eligible for the analysis, 91 (20.6%) had any HT. Patients with and without HT showed similar clinical characteristics. Patients with HT had a larger diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) infarct volume compared to patients without HT (p < .001) and significant difference in the distribution of the Fazekas score (p = .001). On multivariable analysis, HT was independently associated with increasing DWI infarct volume (odd ratio (OR), 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.05; p < .001), higher Fazekas scores (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.47–2.57; p < .001) and history of previous intracranial hemorrhage (OR, 4.80; 95% CI, 1.11–20.80; p = .036).ConclusionsPresence and severity of WMD is associated with increased risk of development of early HT in patients with stroke and AF. Further evidence is needed to provide reliable radiological predictors of the risk of HT in cardioembolic stroke.
Laible M, Horstmann S, Ringleb PA, et al., 2021, Does Chronic Kidney Disease Have an Impact on the Use of Oral Anticoagulants after Stroke? An Observational Follow-Up Study, EUROPEAN NEUROLOGY, Vol: 84, Pages: 354-360, ISSN: 0014-3022
Haeusler KG, Kirchhof P, Kunze C, et al., 2021, Systematic monitoring for detection of atrial fibrillation in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (MonDAFIS): a randomised, open-label, multicentre study, LANCET NEUROLOGY, Vol: 20, Pages: 426-436, ISSN: 1474-4422
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- Citations: 23
Best JG, Ambler G, Wilson D, et al., 2021, Development of imaging-based risk scores for prediction of intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke in patients taking antithrombotic therapy after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies, Lancet Neurology, Vol: 20, Pages: 294-303, ISSN: 1474-4422
BackgroundBalancing the risks of recurrent ischaemic stroke and intracranial haemorrhage is important for patients treated with antithrombotic therapy after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack. However, existing predictive models offer insufficient performance, particularly for assessing the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. We aimed to develop new risk scores incorporating clinical variables and cerebral microbleeds, an MRI biomarker of intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke risk.MethodsWe did a pooled analysis of individual-patient data from the Microbleeds International Collaborative Network (MICON), which includes 38 hospital-based prospective cohort studies from 18 countries. All studies recruited participants with previous ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack, acquired baseline MRI allowing quantification of cerebral microbleeds, and followed-up participants for ischaemic stroke and intracranial haemorrhage. Participants not taking antithrombotic drugs were excluded. We developed Cox regression models to predict the 5-year risks of intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke, selecting candidate predictors on biological relevance and simplifying models using backward elimination. We derived integer risk scores for clinical use. We assessed model performance in internal validation, adjusted for optimism using bootstrapping. The study is registered on PROSPERO, CRD42016036602.FindingsThe included studies recruited participants between Aug 28, 2001, and Feb 4, 2018. 15 766 participants had follow-up for intracranial haemorrhage, and 15 784 for ischaemic stroke. Over a median follow-up of 2 years, 184 intracranial haemorrhages and 1048 ischaemic strokes were reported. The risk models we developed included cerebral microbleed burden and simple clinical variables. Optimism-adjusted c indices were 0·73 (95% CI 0·69–0·77) with a calibration slope of 0·94 (0·81–1·06) for the intracrania
Veltkamp R, Purrucker JC, Weber R, 2021, Neurovascular manifestations of COVID-19, Der Nervenarzt: Monatsschrift fuer alle Gebiete nervenaerztlicher Forschung und Praxis, Vol: 92, Pages: 531-539, ISSN: 0028-2804
Even early at the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic, stroke was described as a manifestation or complication of infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Current meta-analyses reported a stroke rate of approximately 1.5%. Stroke in COVID‑19 positive patients occurs more frequently in severe courses of the infection and in older patients with cardiovascular comorbidities; however, young patients without cardiovascular risk factors are also not uncommonly affected. The mechanisms of stroke are predominantly embolic. The thrombi frequently occlude large intracranial vessels and in more than 20% affect multiple vascular territories, whereas infarctions due to small vessel disease are uncommon. The exact source of the embolism remains cryptogenic in more than 40% of patients. The mortality caused by the co-occurrence of a SARS-CoV‑2 infection and a stroke exceeds 15–30%. While acute stroke treatment was severely affected in some European regions, the rates of recanalization treatment in Germany largely remained stable during the first pandemic wave; however, 20–30% fewer patients with minor stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIA) presented to hospitals during the first wave in spring 2020. The present narrative review summarizes the current evidence regarding the epidemiology and pathogenesis of stroke associated with COVID‑19 and describes the effect of the pandemic so far on the provision of acute stroke treatment.
Veltkamp R, Lehmann L, 2021, The Authors reply: Comment on: "Experimental ischaemic stroke induces transient cardiac atrophy" by Veltkamp et al., Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, Vol: 12, Pages: 525-525, ISSN: 2190-6009
Haas K, Purrucker J, Fiessler C, et al., 2020, BASELINE CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES OFAF-PATIENTS UNDER DIFFERENT ANTICOAGULATION SCHEMES PRESTROKE: FIRST RESULTS FROM THE REGISTRY OF ACUTE STROKE UNDER NOVEL ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS-PRIME (RASUNOA-PRIME), Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, Pages: 66-67, ISSN: 1747-4930
Haeusler KG, Kirchhof P, Kunze C, et al., 2020, SYSTEMATIC MONITORING FOR DETECTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE - A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED MULTICENTER STUDY, Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, Pages: 8-8, ISSN: 1747-4930
D'Anna L, Filippidis F, Nthony S, et al., 2020, EARLY INITIATION OF DIRECT ANTICOAGULATION AFTER STROKE IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: THE EIDASAF STUDY., Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, Pages: 547-547, ISSN: 1747-4930
Mikulik R, Eckstein J, Pearce L, et al., 2020, FREQUENCY, SITES AND PREDICTORS OF BLEEDING IN PATIENTS WITH EMBOLIC STROKES OF UNDETERMINED SOURCE, Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, Pages: 127-127, ISSN: 1747-4930
D'Anna L, Filippidis FT, Antony S, et al., 2020, Early initiation of direct anticoagulation after stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation., European Journal of Neuroscience, Vol: 27, Pages: 2168-2175, ISSN: 0953-816X
BACKGROUND: The safety of early initiation of anticoagulant therapy in patients with ischaemic stroke related to atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. We investigated the safety of early initiation of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or no anticoagulation. METHODS: This observational, retrospective, single-centre study included consecutive patients with recent (< 4 weeks) ischaemic stroke and AF. The primary outcome was the rate of major (intra- and extracranial) bleeding in patients on different treatment schemes: DOACs, VKAs and not anticoagulated. We also investigated the rate of ischaemic cerebrovascular events and mortality. RESULTS: We included 959 consecutive patients with AF and ischaemic stroke followed up for an average time of 16.1 days after the index event. 559 patients of 959 (58.3%) were anticoagulated with either VKAs (259) or DOACs (300). Anticoagulation was started after a mean time of 7± 9.4 in the DOACs group and 11.9± 19.7 in the VKAs group. Early initiation of any anticoagulant was not associated with an increased risk of any major bleeding (OR 0.49; CI, 0.21-1.16) and in particular of intracranial bleeding (OR 0.47; CI, 0.17-1.29; p = 0.143) compared with no anticoagulation. In contrast to VKAs (OR 0.78; CI, 0.28-2.13), treatment with DOACs (OR 0.32; CI, 0.10-0.96) reduced the rate of major bleeding compared to no-anticoagulation. Early recurrences of ischaemic stroke did not differ significantly among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Starting DOACs within a mean time of 7 days after stroke appears safe. Randomised controlled studies are needed to establish the added efficacy of starting anticoagulation early after stroke.
Shoamanesh A, Hart RG, Connolly SJ, et al., 2020, Microbleeds and the Effect of Anticoagulation in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source An Exploratory Analysis of the NAVIGATE ESUS Randomized Clinical Trial, JAMA NEUROLOGY, Vol: 78, Pages: 11-20, ISSN: 2168-6149
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- Citations: 15
Veltkamp R, Pearce LA, Korompoki E, et al., 2020, Characteristics of recurrent ischemic stroke after embolic stroke of undetermined source: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial., JAMA Neurology, Vol: 77, Pages: 1233-1240, ISSN: 2168-6149
Importance: The concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) unifies a subgroup of cryptogenic strokes based on neuroimaging, a defined minimum set of diagnostic tests, and exclusion of certain causes. Despite an annual stroke recurrence rate of 5%, little is known about the etiology underlying recurrent stroke after ESUS. Objective: To identify the stroke subtype of recurrent ischemic strokes after ESUS, to explore the interaction with treatment assignment in each category, and to examine the consistency of cerebral location of qualifying ESUS and recurrent ischemic stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants: The NAVIGATE-ESUS trial was a randomized clinical trial conducted from December 23, 2014, to October 5, 2017. The trial compared the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban and aspirin in patients with recent ESUS (n = 7213). Ischemic stroke was validated in 309 of the 7213 patients by adjudicators blinded to treatment assignment and classified by local investigators into the categories ESUS or non-ESUS (ie, cardioembolic, atherosclerotic, lacunar, other determined cause, or insufficient testing). Five patients with recurrent strokes that could not be defined as ischemic or hemorrhagic in absence of neuroimaging or autopsy were excluded. Data for this secondary post hoc analysis were analyzed from March to June 2019. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to receive rivaroxaban, 15 mg/d, or aspirin, 100 mg/d. Main Outcomes and Measures: Association of recurrent ESUS with stroke characteristics. Results: A total of 309 patients (205 men [66%]; mean [SD] age, 68 [10] years) had ischemic stroke identified during the median follow-up of 11 (interquartile range [IQR], 12) months (annualized rate, 4.6%). Diagnostic testing was insufficient for etiological classification in 39 patients (13%). Of 270 classifiable ischemic strokes, 156 (58%) were ESUS and 114 (42%) were non-ESUS (37 [32%] cardioembolic, 26 [23%] atherosclerotic, 35 [31%] lacu
De Potter T, Yodfat O, Shinar G, et al., 2020, Permanent bilateral carotid filters for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation., Current Cardiology Reports, Vol: 22, Pages: 144-144, ISSN: 1523-3782
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A novel permanent carotid filter device for percutaneous implantation was developed for the purpose of stroke prevention. In this review, we cover rationale, existing preclinical and clinical data, and potential future directions for research using such a device. RECENT FINDINGS: The Vine™ filter was assessed for safety in sheep and in 2 observational human studies, the completed CAPTURE 1 (n = 25) and the ongoing CAPTURE 2 (planned n = 100). CAPTURE 1 has shown high procedural and long-term implant safety. A control group was not available for comparison. A mechanical filter for permanent stroke prevention can be implanted bilaterally in the common carotid artery safely and efficiently. A randomized trial is planned for 2021 (n = 3500, INTERCEPT) to demonstrate superiority of a filter + anticoagulation strategy over anticoagulation alone in patients at high risk for ischemic stroke.
Veltkamp R, Pearce LA, Korompoki E, 2020, Characteristics of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke After Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial (Jul, 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1995, 2020), JAMA NEUROLOGY, Vol: 77, Pages: 1322-1322, ISSN: 2168-6149
Elkind MSV, Veltkamp R, Montaner J, et al., 2020, Natalizumab in acute ischemic stroke (ACTION II): a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, Neurology, Vol: 95, ISSN: 0028-3878
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effect of two doses of natalizumab on functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. METHODS: In this double-blind phase 2b trial, AIS patients aged 18-80 years with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores of 5-23 from 53 US and European sites were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a single dose of 300 or 600 mg intravenous natalizumab or placebo, with randomization stratified by treatment window (≤9 or >9 to ≤24 hours from patient's last known normal state). The primary endpoint was a composite measure of excellent outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤1 and Barthel Index score ≥95) at day 90 assessed in all patients receiving a full dose. Sample size was estimated from a Bayesian model; p values were not used for hypothesis testing. RESULTS: An excellent outcome was less likely with natalizumab than with placebo (natalizumab 300 mg or 600 mg odds ratio 0.60; 95% confidence interval 0.39-0.93). There was no effect modification by time to treatment or use of thrombolysis/thrombectomy. For natalizumab 300 mg, 600 mg, or placebo, there were no differences in incidence of adverse events (90%, 92%, and 92%, respectively), serious adverse events (26%, 33%, and 21%, respectively), or deaths (7%, 5%, and 6%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Natalizumab administered ≤24 hours after AIS did not improve patient outcomes. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT02730455 CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class I evidence that for patients with AIS, an excellent outcome was less likely in patients treated with natalizumab than with placebo.
Pompsch M, Veltkamp C, Veltkamp R, et al., 2020, Proteinase-3-(cANCA)-associated ulcerative Colitis with possible inflammatory leukencephalopathic CNS Involvement, Nervenarzt, Vol: 91, Pages: 737-739, ISSN: 0028-2804
Die Ätiologie der zerebralen Leukenzephalopathie ist vielfältig und reicht von vaskulären Erkrankungen (Mikroangiopathie), über (autoimmun vermittelte) entzündliche und hereditäre Erkrankungen bis zu nicht seltenen unspezifischen Veränderungen (sog. „unknown bright objects“ [UBO]). Bei den autoimmun entzündlichen Erkrankungen des zentralen Nervensystems ist die multiple Sklerose (MS) die mit Abstand häufigste Entität. Jedoch betreffen auch Erkrankungen aus dem rheumatologischen Formenkreis (isolierte zerebrale Vaskulitis, systemische Vaskulitiden, Kollagenosen, Sarkoidose) häufig das zerebrale Marklager.
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